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Estimation of the mechanical properties of rock masses
48A
458
Properties of rocks and soils See also abstract: 653.
454 MURRELL, SA HAKR VARTY, S Some new rheological experiments on igneous rocks at temperatures ~p to 1120 deg.C. IlF,20T, IIIR. GEOPHYS.J.ROY.ASTR. SOC .V34, N2,1973, P211-250. The stress-strain relations and creep behaviour of a dolerite s a microgranodlcrite and a dunite have been determined in uniaxial compression. Using a theory due to Mort, the steady-state creep rate and the correspording equivalent viscosity were calculated for the conditions of the experiments. A discussion is given of the apparent conflict between the experimental observation of hot brittleness and the geological observation that even some comparatively cool silicate rocks have apparentl~ deformed in a ductile manner.
455 RAMANA, YV N~r. GEOPH. RES. INST. HYDERABAD, IND Ultrasonics in rock mechanics. Proc; Symposium on Rock Mech. Dhambad, Irdlaj July 1972. 2F, 33R. THE INSTN. OF E N Q R S . C ~ A , INDIA,1973,P278-289. Short review of applications of ultrasonic methods for investigations in the field of rock mechanics, especially to study rock l~operties and rock failure.
456 WESLEY, LD IMPER. COLL. SC I.TECHNOL. LONDON, GB Some basic engineering properties of halloysite and allophane clays in Java, Indonesia. 17F,10T,15R. GEOI~CHNIQUE, V23, ~,DEC. 1973, I%71-494. The properties of two soil groups widely found in Java and Slmlatra are studied. The two groul0s, closely related, are known pedologlcally as latosols and andosols, and are formed under tropical weathering conditions from volcanic parent material: The latosols are reddish in colour and are founl at altitudes up to about 1000m, while the arzlosols are yellowish brown in colour and are found at greater altitudes. Basic properties, particularly Atterberg limits, specific gravity and compaction characteristics are investigated in the natural state anl after air and oven drying. The properties within each group are shown to be similar but are related mare closely to mineralogical composition than to pedological classification. Some basic In-situ properties, including undrained shear strength, sensitivity and degree of saturation, are also investigated. Auth.
457 ATKINSON, JH UNIV. CAMBRIDGE, GB Elasticity and plasticity of soils; Technical note; 3F, IIR. GEOTECHNIQUE,V23, ~ , D E C •1973, P565- 571. The purpose of the note has been to suggest a distinction between elasticity anl plasticity in soils and to investigate the consequences of %his distinction on the behaviour of soils in the labaratary cylindrical compression test. It has been shown that it is possible to recognise elastic behaviour in soils without involving reversibility, conservatism ar conventional stressstrain linearity. It is sufficient to identify elastic behaviour wi~h linearity of the drained strain path or the undrained stress path ard to identify plasticity with non-linear paths. The suggested method is not entirely satisfactory. It is unable to separate simultaneous elastic and plastic components of strain. It serves to identify a purely elastic, but non-linear soil deformation in conventional laboratory tests.
FAIRHURST, C HARDY, MP SINGH 2B Estimation of the mechanical properties of rock masses. 160F, 22T,154R. US BUR.MINES, FINAL TECHNICAL HEPORT, 1973,197P. This report describes research activities in three separate areas related to the overall aim of improving the estimation of the mechanical properties of rock masses; These three fields are broadly classified as~-the intrinsic properties of rock fracture, the mechanical failure of block Jointed models of rock masses and the continuD/n characterization of rock masses for defcrmation calciLlations. Atlth,
459 DEIST, FH CHAMBER OF MINES S.A.COLL.RES.LAB.Z~ SALAMON, MD CHA~ OF MINES S.A.COI/L.RES.LAB.ZJ GEORGIADIS, E C H A M B ~ OF MINES S.A.COLL.RES.LAB.Z~ A new digital method for three-dimensional stress analysis in elastic media. 3F,7R. ROCK MECHANICS, VS, N4,1973, P189- 202. A new method far three-dimensional stress analysis in elastic media is outlined. Accarding to this approach the problem is formulated purely in terms of conditions prevailing at the bounding surfaces of an elastic body. Stress anl displacements on these surfaces, as well as inside the body, are expressed in terms of the superimposed effect of a set of basic solutions having suitable properties. The method is developed in matrix farm. Some general properties of the governing matrices are established with a view to developing maitable ntmmrical procedures. The convergence characteristics of two iteratlve schemes are considered. The paper concludes with observations concerning the generality of the approach. Auth.
46o ! NGI2S, 0G CSIRO, DIV •APPL. GEOMECH.VICTORIA, AUS LEE, IK UNIV.NEW SOUTH WALES, AUS NEIL, EC CSIRO, DIV. APPL. GECMECH. VICTORIA, AUS The influence of stress histary on lateral strain. llF, 5R. ROCK MECHANICS, VS, N4,1973, P203- 213. In the examination of a sandstone using a digital computer-controlled stiff loading frame, negative Poisson's ratios were encountered. They were strongly correlated with the previous stress history of the specimen, and may prove to be an sensitive manifestation of that prehistory not only as regards laboratory loading but probably also field stress levels. Auth. 461 POW-ER,FW ENVIR.RES.CORP.LAS VEGAS,USA Inelastlc-elastic calculations of ground motion and physical effects from nuclear detonations in tuff. DEP. NAT. TECH. INF. S ~ . NVO-II63- 235, JAN. 1973,59P. Calculations of @~'our~l motion frown ~_nd~rgro%hnd r~/elear detonations in a wet Nevada Test Site t%tff and the same tuff with 5 per cent free porosity added were performed tlsing the one-dimensional inelastic code Workhorse; These calculations were coupled with the elastic wave propagation code Shelp. Prellmi~ary results are presented fram a continuing research program to determine the parametrlcal effect of porosity and water content of tuff on the seismic source function. Results of the inelaatic-elastic calculations were compared with corresponding results expected on the basis of the empirically based Mueller-Murphy scaling theory. These results suggest that adjustments of the permanent stress for porosity may be very important when making ground motion predictions using the Mueller-Murphy scaling theory. Auth.
458
Properties of rocks and soils See also abstract: 653.
454 MURRELL, SA HAKR VARTY, S Some new rheological experiments on igneous rocks at temperatures ~p to 1120 deg.C. IlF,20T, IIIR. GEOPHYS.J.ROY.ASTR. SOC .V34, N2,1973, P211-250. The stress-strain relations and creep behaviour of a dolerite s a microgranodlcrite and a dunite have been determined in uniaxial compression. Using a theory due to Mort, the steady-state creep rate and the correspording equivalent viscosity were calculated for the conditions of the experiments. A discussion is given of the apparent conflict between the experimental observation of hot brittleness and the geological observation that even some comparatively cool silicate rocks have apparentl~ deformed in a ductile manner.
455 RAMANA, YV N~r. GEOPH. RES. INST. HYDERABAD, IND Ultrasonics in rock mechanics. Proc; Symposium on Rock Mech. Dhambad, Irdlaj July 1972. 2F, 33R. THE INSTN. OF E N Q R S . C ~ A , INDIA,1973,P278-289. Short review of applications of ultrasonic methods for investigations in the field of rock mechanics, especially to study rock l~operties and rock failure.
456 WESLEY, LD IMPER. COLL. SC I.TECHNOL. LONDON, GB Some basic engineering properties of halloysite and allophane clays in Java, Indonesia. 17F,10T,15R. GEOI~CHNIQUE, V23, ~,DEC. 1973, I%71-494. The properties of two soil groups widely found in Java and Slmlatra are studied. The two groul0s, closely related, are known pedologlcally as latosols and andosols, and are formed under tropical weathering conditions from volcanic parent material: The latosols are reddish in colour and are founl at altitudes up to about 1000m, while the arzlosols are yellowish brown in colour and are found at greater altitudes. Basic properties, particularly Atterberg limits, specific gravity and compaction characteristics are investigated in the natural state anl after air and oven drying. The properties within each group are shown to be similar but are related mare closely to mineralogical composition than to pedological classification. Some basic In-situ properties, including undrained shear strength, sensitivity and degree of saturation, are also investigated. Auth.
457 ATKINSON, JH UNIV. CAMBRIDGE, GB Elasticity and plasticity of soils; Technical note; 3F, IIR. GEOTECHNIQUE,V23, ~ , D E C •1973, P565- 571. The purpose of the note has been to suggest a distinction between elasticity anl plasticity in soils and to investigate the consequences of %his distinction on the behaviour of soils in the labaratary cylindrical compression test. It has been shown that it is possible to recognise elastic behaviour in soils without involving reversibility, conservatism ar conventional stressstrain linearity. It is sufficient to identify elastic behaviour wi~h linearity of the drained strain path or the undrained stress path ard to identify plasticity with non-linear paths. The suggested method is not entirely satisfactory. It is unable to separate simultaneous elastic and plastic components of strain. It serves to identify a purely elastic, but non-linear soil deformation in conventional laboratory tests.
FAIRHURST, C HARDY, MP SINGH 2B Estimation of the mechanical properties of rock masses. 160F, 22T,154R. US BUR.MINES, FINAL TECHNICAL HEPORT, 1973,197P. This report describes research activities in three separate areas related to the overall aim of improving the estimation of the mechanical properties of rock masses; These three fields are broadly classified as~-the intrinsic properties of rock fracture, the mechanical failure of block Jointed models of rock masses and the continuD/n characterization of rock masses for defcrmation calciLlations. Atlth,
459 DEIST, FH CHAMBER OF MINES S.A.COLL.RES.LAB.Z~ SALAMON, MD CHA~ OF MINES S.A.COI/L.RES.LAB.ZJ GEORGIADIS, E C H A M B ~ OF MINES S.A.COLL.RES.LAB.Z~ A new digital method for three-dimensional stress analysis in elastic media. 3F,7R. ROCK MECHANICS, VS, N4,1973, P189- 202. A new method far three-dimensional stress analysis in elastic media is outlined. Accarding to this approach the problem is formulated purely in terms of conditions prevailing at the bounding surfaces of an elastic body. Stress anl displacements on these surfaces, as well as inside the body, are expressed in terms of the superimposed effect of a set of basic solutions having suitable properties. The method is developed in matrix farm. Some general properties of the governing matrices are established with a view to developing maitable ntmmrical procedures. The convergence characteristics of two iteratlve schemes are considered. The paper concludes with observations concerning the generality of the approach. Auth.
46o ! NGI2S, 0G CSIRO, DIV •APPL. GEOMECH.VICTORIA, AUS LEE, IK UNIV.NEW SOUTH WALES, AUS NEIL, EC CSIRO, DIV. APPL. GECMECH. VICTORIA, AUS The influence of stress histary on lateral strain. llF, 5R. ROCK MECHANICS, VS, N4,1973, P203- 213. In the examination of a sandstone using a digital computer-controlled stiff loading frame, negative Poisson's ratios were encountered. They were strongly correlated with the previous stress history of the specimen, and may prove to be an sensitive manifestation of that prehistory not only as regards laboratory loading but probably also field stress levels. Auth. 461 POW-ER,FW ENVIR.RES.CORP.LAS VEGAS,USA Inelastlc-elastic calculations of ground motion and physical effects from nuclear detonations in tuff. DEP. NAT. TECH. INF. S ~ . NVO-II63- 235, JAN. 1973,59P. Calculations of @~'our~l motion frown ~_nd~rgro%hnd r~/elear detonations in a wet Nevada Test Site t%tff and the same tuff with 5 per cent free porosity added were performed tlsing the one-dimensional inelastic code Workhorse; These calculations were coupled with the elastic wave propagation code Shelp. Prellmi~ary results are presented fram a continuing research program to determine the parametrlcal effect of porosity and water content of tuff on the seismic source function. Results of the inelaatic-elastic calculations were compared with corresponding results expected on the basis of the empirically based Mueller-Murphy scaling theory. These results suggest that adjustments of the permanent stress for porosity may be very important when making ground motion predictions using the Mueller-Murphy scaling theory. Auth.