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Evaluating Compliance with Mississippi’s Nutrition Standards for Competitive Foods in Schools
SUNDAY, OCTOBER 19
Short Oral Presentations: Wellness and Public Health Part 2 Evaluating Compliance with Mississippi’s Nutrition Standards for Competitive Foods in Schools Author(s): L. Lambert1, T. Carithers1, E. Parkes1, L. Zhang2, Z. Zhang2; 1Nutrition and Hospitality Management, The Univ. of Mississippi, University, MS, 2Private Consultant, Jackson, MS
Extending the Garden: Empowering Women to Improve Family Food Security and Nutrition Author(s): B. Ramsing, S. Wilcox, J. Hanson; College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
Learning Outcome: Participants will be able to discuss and evaluate Mississippi’s Department of Education’s policies on nutrition standards for competitive foods in public schools.
Learning Outcome: Participants will describe the link between kitchen gardens and improved nutrition and food security.
Background: The Mississippi Department of Education’s (MDE) policy on nutrition standards for competitive foods and beverages sold in schools from vending and school store venues has been in effect since 2007. These standards closely coincide with the Institute of Medicine’s guidelines for reducing calories, fat, and sugar in competitive foods. This research evaluated compliance with nutrition standards for competitive foods in Mississippi schools during academic year 2011-2012.
Women around the world are vital to the health and livelihood of their families and communities. Through small scale agriculture and kitchen gardens, women are empowered to provide food and income for their families, thereby improving food security and nutrition. Yet women face unique challenges, such as illiteracy, cultural barriers, lack of training and limited access to resources to maximize small-scale agricultural output. The University of Maryland’s Women in Agriculture and Food Security Project is working in Kabul, Afghanistan to build capacity among female extension educators to work with vulnerable women to implement and maintain kitchen gardens. Utilizing a Farmer Field School approach along with demonstration gardens, educators use experiential methods to teach vegetable gardening, small-scale poultry production, post-harvest handling and processing, nutrition, and marketing. The focus of this project is training and capacity building of female leaders to teach and increase women’s selfefficacy solving problems and finding solutions. This presentation will describe the contextual factors related to women’s food security and agricultural opportunities, describe key project activities and approaches, and discuss project success and challenges, sustainability, and implications for future programs. We will present preliminary results of the project’s household food security survey and discuss evidence for the linkage between kitchen gardens and improved nutrition and family food security.
Methods: Statewide schools were selected through simple random sampling, stratified by school level resulting in 48 elementary, 50 middle, and 46 high schools. Thirty-six percent of schools had competitive food venues and were used for this analysis. Data were gathered from venues by recording product name, manufacturer, flavor and size. Items were counted by “facings” with each item in front counting as one, a practice used by food retailers in displays. Each item’s nutrition composition was evaluated and categorized as compliant or non-compliant. Descriptive statistics with frequencies were used for analysis and reporting. Results: Beverages evaluated in elementary and middle schools showed 41.8 % and 21.8% compliance respectively. High schools, which are allowed a greater variety of beverage offerings, had 65.9% compliance. Elementary and high schools had similar compliance with foods at 65.4% and 66.8% respectively. Middle schools had the lowest compliance at 47.7%. Conclusions: The MDE should consult school administrators to find answers on how to ensure nutrition standards for competitive foods are in full compliance. Further studies are needed to identify barriers and challenges to nutrition standards’ compliance in Mississippi schools.
Funding Disclosure: USDA Afghanistan Agricultural Extension Project
Funding Disclosure: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Weight Loss-Independent Effect of Calorie Restriction on Insulin Sensitivity and Postprandial Incretin Hormones Author(s): E.P. Weiss1, S.G. Albert2, D.N. Reeds3, K.S. Kress1, U.R. Ezekiel4, J.L. McDaniel1, D.T. Villareal3, S. Klein3; 1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Saint Louis Univ., Saint Louis, MO, 2Department of Medicine, Saint Louis Univ., Saint Louis, MO, 3Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington Univ. Sch. of Med., Saint Louis, MO, 4 Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Saint Louis Univ., Saint Louis, MO Learning Outcome: To recognize that factors other than weight loss, per se, may contribute to the beneficial health effects of calorie restriction, especially in the context of type 2 diabetes prevention. Calorie restriction (CR) improves insulin sensitivity in overweight individuals, at least partly by reducing adiposity. However, it is not known if changes in insulinotropic incretin hormones (GLP-1 and GIP) are involved. Purpose: To determine if CR has weight loss-independent effects on insulin sensitivity and postprandial incretin hormones that cannot be obtained from exercise-induced weight loss (EX). Methods: Sedentary, men and women (n¼52; 27.70.3 kg/m2; 45-65yr) were randomized to 6-8% weight loss by CR, EX, or both (CR+EX). Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated from oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose and insulin concentrations. Incretin hormones were measured in OGTT plasma samples via ELISA. Incretin-mediated insulin secretion (incretin effect) was measured by comparing insulin responses from the OGTT and a glucose infusion which matched OGTT glucose concentrations. Results: Despite similar (w7%) reductions in body weight, ISI increased more in the CR+EX group (2.090.35 mM/kg/pM100) than in the CR (0.890.39 mM/kg/pM100) or EX (1.040.39 mM/kg/pM100) groups (P<0.05 for between-group differences). Postprandial plasma GIP concentrations decreased in all groups whereas GLP-1 decreased (p¼0.04) only in the CR group. Despite these alterations in incretin hormone concentrations, there were no changes in the incretin effect, suggesting enhanced beta cell sensitivity to incretin hormones. Conclusions: CR and EX provide greater health benefits than either intervention alone. The additive effects of CR and EX on ISI suggest that these interventions improve insulin sensitivity partly through mechanisms other that weight loss. The CR-specific mechanism may be partly attributable to alterations in postprandial GLP-1 concentrations and sensitivity. Funding Disclosure: Supported by NIH Grants K01 DK080886 and UL1RR024992 and the Saint Louis University President’s Research Fund
September 2014 Suppl 2—Abstracts Volume 114 Number 9
Supplemental Genistein, Quercetin, and Resveratrol Intake in Active Duty Army Soldiers Author(s): K. Fauser1, J. Sepowitz2, S. Meyer3, S. Jackson4; 1U.S. Army, Fort Gordon, GA, 2 U.S. Army, Natick, MA, 3U.S. Army, Tacoma, WA, 4U.S. Army, Fort Rucker, AL Learning Outcome: Participants will obtain knowledge on the supplementation habits of Army Soldiers and the continued need for reputable dietary supplement education and resources for both, Soldiers and the general public. Background: Previous reports indicate that the majority of U.S. Army soldiers consume dietary supplements >1 time/week. However, these studies did not focus on phytonutrient supplementation. A growing literature suggests that some phytonutrients may pose a risk for toxicity, which could impact the performance of soldier duties, as well as long-term health and wellness. The current study was conducted to understand soldiers’ motivations to consume phytonutrient-containing dietary supplements. Objective: This study examined genistein, quercetin, and resveratrol supplement intake among Army soldiers. Secondary objectives sought to identify: (1) forms of supplements consumed; (2) frequency of consumption; and (3) reasons for use. Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive mixed-methods study using a survey and semistructured interviews. Participants/setting: Convenience sample of 436 active duty Army soldiers, 18 years old, recruited from Joint Base Lewis-McChord (Tacoma, WA) and a subset of 36 interviewees. Data collection occurred March-June 2013. Analyses performed: Fisher’s exact test was used to assess differences among multiple characteristic levels. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios and 95% CIs for selected demographic factors with phytonutrient supplement use. Thematic content analysis was completed for interview transcripts. Results: Overall, 27.3% of soldiers take a single or multi-component phytonutrient supplement >1 time/wk. Subjects’ reasons for use included Unsure (54%), Weight Loss (12%), and Other, unspecified (24%). Interview responses revealed themes of general health, muscle function and energy. Conclusions: Most phytonutrient consumption occurred incidentally. Issues of phytonutrient toxicity may occur from potential multiple exposures. Efforts to reach soldiers regarding safe supplement use, including phytonutrient consumption, remain necessary. Funding Disclosure: None
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
A-11
Short Oral Presentations: Wellness and Public Health Part 2 Evaluating Compliance with Mississippi’s Nutrition Standards for Competitive Foods in Schools Author(s): L. Lambert1, T. Carithers1, E. Parkes1, L. Zhang2, Z. Zhang2; 1Nutrition and Hospitality Management, The Univ. of Mississippi, University, MS, 2Private Consultant, Jackson, MS
Extending the Garden: Empowering Women to Improve Family Food Security and Nutrition Author(s): B. Ramsing, S. Wilcox, J. Hanson; College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
Learning Outcome: Participants will be able to discuss and evaluate Mississippi’s Department of Education’s policies on nutrition standards for competitive foods in public schools.
Learning Outcome: Participants will describe the link between kitchen gardens and improved nutrition and food security.
Background: The Mississippi Department of Education’s (MDE) policy on nutrition standards for competitive foods and beverages sold in schools from vending and school store venues has been in effect since 2007. These standards closely coincide with the Institute of Medicine’s guidelines for reducing calories, fat, and sugar in competitive foods. This research evaluated compliance with nutrition standards for competitive foods in Mississippi schools during academic year 2011-2012.
Women around the world are vital to the health and livelihood of their families and communities. Through small scale agriculture and kitchen gardens, women are empowered to provide food and income for their families, thereby improving food security and nutrition. Yet women face unique challenges, such as illiteracy, cultural barriers, lack of training and limited access to resources to maximize small-scale agricultural output. The University of Maryland’s Women in Agriculture and Food Security Project is working in Kabul, Afghanistan to build capacity among female extension educators to work with vulnerable women to implement and maintain kitchen gardens. Utilizing a Farmer Field School approach along with demonstration gardens, educators use experiential methods to teach vegetable gardening, small-scale poultry production, post-harvest handling and processing, nutrition, and marketing. The focus of this project is training and capacity building of female leaders to teach and increase women’s selfefficacy solving problems and finding solutions. This presentation will describe the contextual factors related to women’s food security and agricultural opportunities, describe key project activities and approaches, and discuss project success and challenges, sustainability, and implications for future programs. We will present preliminary results of the project’s household food security survey and discuss evidence for the linkage between kitchen gardens and improved nutrition and family food security.
Methods: Statewide schools were selected through simple random sampling, stratified by school level resulting in 48 elementary, 50 middle, and 46 high schools. Thirty-six percent of schools had competitive food venues and were used for this analysis. Data were gathered from venues by recording product name, manufacturer, flavor and size. Items were counted by “facings” with each item in front counting as one, a practice used by food retailers in displays. Each item’s nutrition composition was evaluated and categorized as compliant or non-compliant. Descriptive statistics with frequencies were used for analysis and reporting. Results: Beverages evaluated in elementary and middle schools showed 41.8 % and 21.8% compliance respectively. High schools, which are allowed a greater variety of beverage offerings, had 65.9% compliance. Elementary and high schools had similar compliance with foods at 65.4% and 66.8% respectively. Middle schools had the lowest compliance at 47.7%. Conclusions: The MDE should consult school administrators to find answers on how to ensure nutrition standards for competitive foods are in full compliance. Further studies are needed to identify barriers and challenges to nutrition standards’ compliance in Mississippi schools.
Funding Disclosure: USDA Afghanistan Agricultural Extension Project
Funding Disclosure: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Weight Loss-Independent Effect of Calorie Restriction on Insulin Sensitivity and Postprandial Incretin Hormones Author(s): E.P. Weiss1, S.G. Albert2, D.N. Reeds3, K.S. Kress1, U.R. Ezekiel4, J.L. McDaniel1, D.T. Villareal3, S. Klein3; 1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Saint Louis Univ., Saint Louis, MO, 2Department of Medicine, Saint Louis Univ., Saint Louis, MO, 3Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington Univ. Sch. of Med., Saint Louis, MO, 4 Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Saint Louis Univ., Saint Louis, MO Learning Outcome: To recognize that factors other than weight loss, per se, may contribute to the beneficial health effects of calorie restriction, especially in the context of type 2 diabetes prevention. Calorie restriction (CR) improves insulin sensitivity in overweight individuals, at least partly by reducing adiposity. However, it is not known if changes in insulinotropic incretin hormones (GLP-1 and GIP) are involved. Purpose: To determine if CR has weight loss-independent effects on insulin sensitivity and postprandial incretin hormones that cannot be obtained from exercise-induced weight loss (EX). Methods: Sedentary, men and women (n¼52; 27.70.3 kg/m2; 45-65yr) were randomized to 6-8% weight loss by CR, EX, or both (CR+EX). Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated from oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose and insulin concentrations. Incretin hormones were measured in OGTT plasma samples via ELISA. Incretin-mediated insulin secretion (incretin effect) was measured by comparing insulin responses from the OGTT and a glucose infusion which matched OGTT glucose concentrations. Results: Despite similar (w7%) reductions in body weight, ISI increased more in the CR+EX group (2.090.35 mM/kg/pM100) than in the CR (0.890.39 mM/kg/pM100) or EX (1.040.39 mM/kg/pM100) groups (P<0.05 for between-group differences). Postprandial plasma GIP concentrations decreased in all groups whereas GLP-1 decreased (p¼0.04) only in the CR group. Despite these alterations in incretin hormone concentrations, there were no changes in the incretin effect, suggesting enhanced beta cell sensitivity to incretin hormones. Conclusions: CR and EX provide greater health benefits than either intervention alone. The additive effects of CR and EX on ISI suggest that these interventions improve insulin sensitivity partly through mechanisms other that weight loss. The CR-specific mechanism may be partly attributable to alterations in postprandial GLP-1 concentrations and sensitivity. Funding Disclosure: Supported by NIH Grants K01 DK080886 and UL1RR024992 and the Saint Louis University President’s Research Fund
September 2014 Suppl 2—Abstracts Volume 114 Number 9
Supplemental Genistein, Quercetin, and Resveratrol Intake in Active Duty Army Soldiers Author(s): K. Fauser1, J. Sepowitz2, S. Meyer3, S. Jackson4; 1U.S. Army, Fort Gordon, GA, 2 U.S. Army, Natick, MA, 3U.S. Army, Tacoma, WA, 4U.S. Army, Fort Rucker, AL Learning Outcome: Participants will obtain knowledge on the supplementation habits of Army Soldiers and the continued need for reputable dietary supplement education and resources for both, Soldiers and the general public. Background: Previous reports indicate that the majority of U.S. Army soldiers consume dietary supplements >1 time/week. However, these studies did not focus on phytonutrient supplementation. A growing literature suggests that some phytonutrients may pose a risk for toxicity, which could impact the performance of soldier duties, as well as long-term health and wellness. The current study was conducted to understand soldiers’ motivations to consume phytonutrient-containing dietary supplements. Objective: This study examined genistein, quercetin, and resveratrol supplement intake among Army soldiers. Secondary objectives sought to identify: (1) forms of supplements consumed; (2) frequency of consumption; and (3) reasons for use. Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive mixed-methods study using a survey and semistructured interviews. Participants/setting: Convenience sample of 436 active duty Army soldiers, 18 years old, recruited from Joint Base Lewis-McChord (Tacoma, WA) and a subset of 36 interviewees. Data collection occurred March-June 2013. Analyses performed: Fisher’s exact test was used to assess differences among multiple characteristic levels. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios and 95% CIs for selected demographic factors with phytonutrient supplement use. Thematic content analysis was completed for interview transcripts. Results: Overall, 27.3% of soldiers take a single or multi-component phytonutrient supplement >1 time/wk. Subjects’ reasons for use included Unsure (54%), Weight Loss (12%), and Other, unspecified (24%). Interview responses revealed themes of general health, muscle function and energy. Conclusions: Most phytonutrient consumption occurred incidentally. Issues of phytonutrient toxicity may occur from potential multiple exposures. Efforts to reach soldiers regarding safe supplement use, including phytonutrient consumption, remain necessary. Funding Disclosure: None
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
A-11