Evaluating the quality of information in ultrasonic inspection

of the coil with a welded line so that the detector is placed opposite the welded line, thus detecting the change of balance of the bridge due to the difference of impedence, on the basis of the slip of the welded line. A servo-mechanism allows the detector to track the welded line. (1282) Factors influencing the accuracy of the quartz-crystal oscillator as a thickness monitor for thin film deposition Pulker, H. K. and SchBdler, W. 11 Nuovo Cimento, Vol LVII B, No 1, p 19-24 Results are cited for a method which permits the continuous monitoring of thickness of thin metal and dielectric films. This is achieved by allowing a 4-96MHz fundamental-mode AT-cut quartz crystal resonator to be coated by the film, and measuring frequency shift. The circuitry and a low damping crystal holder are discussed. A means of minimising frequency-shift caused by the variation of the temperature coefficient is noted. Some results, concerning the mass sensitivity of the crystal as the loading is changed, are presented in graphic form. (1283) Process and device for the non-destructive control of work pieces by ultrasound following the method of emission of impulses and receiving of echoes Ruhrgas Aktiengesellschaft French Patent 1,552,533 (3 January 1969) (Appled for 29 January 1968) (In Germany 31 January 1967) At least two emmitter-receivers are positioned at a constant oblique angle with reference to each other and at different distances from the control zone. They are in such a position that the angle of emission corresponds to distance. This combination of transducers is connected to an ultrasonic detector in such a way that their outputs converge depending on the different transit times which are indicated in the receiver. (1284) Characteristic6 of ultrasonic testing of the structure of cement-sand concretes Shkol’nik, I. E. and Pochtovik, G. Ya. Defectoscopy (English Translation), No 2 (March-April 1967) pp 106-108 Concrete structures become anisotropic as a result of the directional vibration compaction. It is important to evaluate the elastic anisotropy. Investigation was carried out using longitudinal and other ultrasonic wave vibrations. The velocity of a longitudinal wave propagating in the direction of compaction is smaller than that of a longitudinal wave propagating perpendicular to the compaction direction; velocities in the plane perpendicular to the compaction direction are approximately all equal. The velocity of sheer waves whose polarisation or direction of propagation coincides with the direction of compaction is less than that of sheer waves whose polarisation and direction of propagation are perpendicular to the direction of compaction. Shear wave absorption is higher in the direction of compaction. The presence of elastic anisotropy in the sample is established; a theoretical evaluation of experimental data is made on the basis of a comparison with thin-layered medium. (1285) Ultrasonic inspection of plastic tubes with complex shapes Titkov, B. P. Defectoscopy (English Translation), No 4 (July-August 1967) pp 324-325 This paper describes a differential method for flaw detection using ultrasonics directed from transmitter to separate receiver. More than one receiving transducer is used and when the sound to one is obstructed the presence of the defect is indicated by the difference of the signal amplitudes. Thus the differential ultrasound method allows the inspection of a complex shape. Because it is a relative method, the flaw detection sensitivity is improved. (1286)

Have we the answer to the need for recording both ultrasonic weld testing and sensitivity 7 (Use of Wells-Krautkramer flaw detectors) Wells, C. D. British Journal of Non-Destructive Testing Vol 10, No 4 (December 1968) pp 78-86 Although, unlike X-ray techniques, ultrasonic weld testing does not provide a permanent record, the author suggests that it provides a faster, sensitive test, which reveals angle flaws and is independent of weld thickness. The use of the Krautkramer AVG/DGS diagrams is described. These present information on the variation of sensitivity with distance of both back wall echo and disc shaped reflectors of various sizes. In the far zone the back wall echo amplitude is halved (6dB) for every doubling distance from the probe, while that from a small reflector obeys the inverse square law. (1287) Ultrasonic probing of plastic waves. Wright, T. W. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol 39, No. 12 (November 1968) p 5740-5’745 This paper (of a purely speculative theoretical nature) examines the possibility of using ultrasonic energy to study rapid deformation processes in metals and possibly other crystalline solids (not shock waves). The variation of the ultrasonic field upon passage of the wave might yield information on the internal behaviour of the object. With the aid of a theory due to Bauchy this paper examines mathematically the consequences of assuming that small incremental waves propagate independently of plastic or other finite waves in metals. It is found that, for sharp transitions or short rise times in the finite wave, there exists the possibility of reflecting a small oscillation off the sharp front. By examining the echo-return one could deduce information concerning the speed and nature of the finite wave. (1288) Ultrasonics betters radiography on steel bridge (Site report)Non-Destructive Testing, Vol 2,No 1 (February 1969) pp 7,9 Describes the first use of ultrasonics to test the field welds on a steel bridge to radiographic specifications. (1289) Use of polarised ultrasound to determine the internal elastic anisotropy of materials Budenkov G. A., Nlkiforenko, Zh. G. Defectoscopy (English Translation), No 3 (May-June 1967) pp 226-229 (1290) Methods of calculating the acoustic path of an ultrasonic flaw detector Ermolov, I. N. Defectoscopy (English Translation), No 3 (May-June 1967) pp 209-217 (1291) Methods for calculating the acoustic path of an ultrasonic flaw detector. II. Acoustic path for reflection from a disc-shaped defect and an infinite plane Ermolov, I. N. Defectoscopy (English Translation), No 4 (July-August 1967) pp 273-278 (1292) Calculating the acoustic channel of an ultrasound detectoscope. III. Acoustic channel for reflection from spherical and cylindrical defects Ermolov, I. N. Defectoscopy (English Translation), No 5 (September-October 1967) pp 370-376 (1293) Focusing ultrasonic probe for inspection welding of moderate thickness Ermolov, I. N., Krakovyak, M. F., Vyatskov, I. A., Rakhmanov, V. V. Defectoscopy (English Translation), No 3 (May-June 1967) pp 254-256 (1294) Non-destructive testing: ultrasonic techniques Ensminger, D. Reactor Materials,Vol 11, No 1 (1968) p 77 (1295)

Non-destructive testing: ultrasonic techniques Ensminger,D. Reactor Materials, Vol 11, No 3 (1968) p 200 (1296) Measurement by compression waves of the depth of fusion in welds Fesktistov, V. A., Grebennikov, V. V. Defectoscopy (English Translation),No 4 (July-August 1967) pp 270-272 (1297) Influence of the absorption of ultrasound on the directivity pattern of an incllnti probe Gurnich, A. K. Defectoscopy (English Translation), No 1 (January-February 1967) pp 19-22 (1298) Some characteristics of the operation of the ultrasonic immersion-resonance thickness meter (gauge) Kalinin,V. A., Pranitku, A. A. Defectoscopy (English Translation), No 5 (September-October 1967) pp 363-369 (1299) Evaluating the quality of information in ultrasonic inspection Krug, G. A. Defectoscopy (English Translation), No 5 (September-October 1967) pp 383-387 (1300) Non-destructive testing: ultrasonic techniques Leatherman, A. F. Reactor Materials, Vol 11, No 2, (1968) p 141 (1301) Standards for ultrasonic flaw detection. II L’vov, G. S., Cehuer,L. V. Defectoscopy (English Translation), No 1 (January-February 1967) pp 1-4 (1302) Phase velocity of ultrasound waves propagating along the circumference of a tube Merkulov, L. G., Verevkina, L. V. Defectoscopy (English Translation), No 5 (September-October 1967) pp 377-382 (1303) Equipment for measuring the thickness of thin vacuum deposited films Oprica, D. Automatica Si Electronica, Vol 12, No 2 (March 1968) pp 49-54 (In Rumanian) (1304) Metall-2M device for the continuous measurement of thickness Pranitskin, A. A., Kalinin, V. A., Averbukh, I. I. Defectoscopy (English Translation), No 4 (July-August 1967) pp 279-284 (1305) A half-wave flaw detector Pronyakin, V. T.,Dubinin, G. V., and Korolev, M. V. Defectoscopy (English Translation), No 2 (March-April 1967) pp 101-105 (1306) Investigation of dynamic acoustic coupling in ultrasonic testing Shcherbinoku,V.G. Defectoscopy (English Translation), No 2 (March-April 1967) pp 113-116 (1307) Transducerless method for ultrasonic flaw testing in metals Wallace,W.D.,et al Revlek of Scientific Instruments, Vol 39, No 12 (December 1968) p 1863 (1308) Evaluation of the sensitivity of the contact and immersion method of ultrasonic inspection Yablonik, L. M. Defectoscopy (English Translation) No 1 (January-Febrary 1967) pp lo-13 (1309)

Generation, detection measurement

and

Precision electric mechanical transducer The Bendix Corporation (USA) Japanese Patent JPC 506/69 (11 January 1969) (Applied for 28 September 1964) Consists of differential capacitor elements

ULTRASONICS

July 1969

205