- Email: [email protected]
February 2009 New in Review
from the association
NEW IN REVIEW
lease Niacin (2 g). Alrasadi K, Awan Z, Alwaili K, Ruel I, Hafiane A, Krimbou L, Genest J. 1341-1347.
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Niacin and high-density lipoprotein. Niacin has been prescribed for hyperlipidemia in the past but is now replaced by commercial statins. This prospective crossover pilot study assigned participants to one of three 8-week interventions (atorvastatin 20 mg/ day, fenofibrate 200 mg/day, niacin 2 g/day) separated by 4-week washout periods to examine the effect on fasting lipoproteins in a cohort of Canadian hyperlipidemic adult men (n⫽ 19, mean age 55⫾10 years). Inclusion criteria was high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ⬍5th percentile for age and sex or diagnosed genetic mutation of ABCA1 gene. Serum 12-hour fasting samples were taken at baseline as well as pre- and post-intervention periods. The American Heart Association diet was recommended along with typical exercise routine. Outcomes were absolute changes in fasting lipids expressed as percentages. The pre-study 20-mg atorvastatin dose was continued throughout study for 58% of the men. Student’s t-test was used to compare groups. Two patients (11%) dropped out of the study (elevated creatine kinase or myocardial infarction). Results showed different effects for each intervention. Niacin increased HDL by 22% (approximately 0.10 mmol/L, 3.9 mg/dL) compared to no effect for atorvastatin or fenofibrate. Atorvastatin changed the total cholesterol/ HDL ratio by 26%. Focus on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction requires a different treatment strategy. Funding was provided by prívate, institution, and government funds.
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IN THIS ISSUE PERIODICALS
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PRACTITIONER’S BOOKSHELF
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PERIODICALS Periodical articles of special interest to nutrition professionals are cited or abstracted in this section. Articles that have been abstracted are marked with a darkened circle (●). Literature abstracts and citations are prepared by the Journal editors. Articles are selected from scientific and professional publications chosen to convey fundamental knowledge in nutritional science and to span the specialty practice fields of readers. A list of the publications reviewed for this section is published each year in the January issue. The current list, which includes contact information for each title, appears on page 174 of the January 2009 issue. Readers who want information about any article or publication appearing in New in Review should use this directory to locate the authors or editors of the original article or publication. AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN Vol 78, November 2008 (www.aafp.org/afp) Œ
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Clinical Use of Probiotics: What Physicians Need to Know. (Commentary). Sanders ME. 1026. Probiotics. (Review). Kligler B, Cohrssen A. 1073-1078.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY Vol 102, November 2008 (www.elsevier.com/ajc) ●
Comparison of Treatment of Severe High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Deficiency in Men with Daily Atorvastatin (20 mg) versus Fenofibrate (200 mg) versus Extended-Re-
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION, THE Vol 88, November 2008 (pubs.nutrition.org) Œ
Issues Related to the Conduct of Systematic Reviews: A Focus on the Nutrition Field. (Perspective). Moher D, Tricco AC. 1191-1199.
© 2009 by the American Dietetic Association
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Dietary Protein Requirements of Younger and Older Adults. Campbell WW, Johnson CA, McCabe GP, Carnell NS. 1322-1329. Nutrient Quality of Fast Food Kids Meals. O’Donnell SI, Hoerr SL, Mendoza JA, Goh ET. 1388-1395. Fructose Consumption and Consequences for Glycation, Plasma Triacylglycerol, and Body Weight: Meta-Analyses and Meta-Regression Models of Intervention Studies. (Meta-analysis). Livesey G, Taylor RI. 1419-1437.
Protein requirements. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein was determined several decades ago. This two-by-two factorial strict diet-controlled study compared the intake of three protein levels (low: 0.50 g/kg; moderate: 0.75 g/kg; high: 1.00 g/kg) in a cohort of 58 free-living adults to the present RDA level of 0.80 g/kg. Recruitment was divided by sex (male, female) and age (younger, 21 to 46 years of age; older, 63 to 81 years of age) among a primarily Caucasian population. Adults ate one meal per day in the study facility and received all other meals for consumption at home. Three-day cycle menus were calculated with individualized energy levels to maintain the 6-day lead-in daily-measured fasting body weight. Dietary protein source focused on high biological value (egg, dairy, meat). Duplicate aliquots of all food were frozen for later analysis along with total fecal and urine samples for each adult. Nitrogen balance was calculated using the bootstrap procedure with twice the pooled standard deviation. Three-factor repeated measures analysis of variance followed by a one-sample t test compared protein intake to the RDA. Results showed the mean protein requirement was 0.85⫾0.21 g/kg/body weight. This was not statistically different from the current RDA and did not differ by sex or age group. Funding was provided by the US Department of Agriculture and the National Institutes of Health. Fast-food meal content. Fast-food meals marketed to children are a growing source of intake for this age group.
Journal of the AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
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NEW IN REVIEW The purpose of this 2007 study was to compare the nutrient content of available fast food meals to the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) meal plan for the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) for kindergarten through third grade. The location of Houston, TX, was selected as the fourth largest metropolitan area in the United States. Twelve national and regional fast food chains were represented, with 10 providing full nutrition information (Arby’s [Atlanta, GA], Burger King [Miami, FL], Chik-fil-a [Atlanta, GA], KFC [Louisville, KY], McDonald’s [Oak Brook, IL], Sonic [Oklahoma City, OK], Subway [Doctor’s Associates, Milford, CT], Taco Bell [Irvine, CA], Wendy’s [Dublin, OH], Whataburger [Corpus Christi, TX]), and two excluded for providing no information (Jack-inthe-Box [San Diego, CA], Quizno’s [Denver, CO]). Spreadsheets were generated for all possible kids meal combinations (⬎51,000); data were compared with NSLP by Student’s t test. Results showed more than one third provided ⬍30% of calories from fat, ⬍10% from saturated fat. Most meals provided adequate protein. The majority of meals were inadequate in calcium, iron, and fiber. There was large variation in beverages choices, sodium, and sugar content (highest 51.6% sugar). The mean calorie content was 526.7⫾133.6 kcal. Only 3% of meal combinations met all the NSLP requirements. The nutrient content of fast-food meals marketed to children requires careful evaluation and choice of options due to their complexity of content. Funding was provided by the Michigan Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and the Houston USDA/ARS Children’s Research Center. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY Vol 168, November 1, 2008 (www.aje.oupjournals.org) Œ
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Child-to-Adult Body Mass Index and Height Trajectories: A Comparison of 2 British Cohorts. Li L, Hardy R, Kuh D, Lo Conte R, Power C. 1008-1015. Intakes of Fruit, Vegetables, and Specific Botanical Groups in Relation to Lung Cancer Risk in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Wright ME, Park Y, Subar AF,
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Freedman ND, Albanes D, Hollenbeck A, Leitzmann MF, Schatzkin A. 1024-1034. What Do Case-Control Studies Estimate? Surveys on Methods and Assumptions in Published CaseControl Research. Knol MJ, Vandenbroucke JP, Scott P, Egger M. 1073-1081.
Vol 168, November 15, 2008 Œ
Combining Matched and Unmatched Control Groups in Case-Control Studies. Le Cessie S, Nagelkerke N, Rosendaal FR, van Stralen KJ, Pomp ER, van Houwelingen HC. 12041210.
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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION Vol 62, November 2008 (www.nature.com/ejcn) Œ
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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE Vol 121, November 2008 (www.amjmed.com) Œ
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Are Oral Sodium Phosphate Products for Bowel Cleansing Safe for the General Population? (Commentary). Lien YH. 931-932. Individualized Treatment for IronDeficiency Anemia in Adults. (Review). Alleyne M, Horne MK, Miller JL. 943-948.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY Vol 199, November 2008 (www.ajog.org)
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Black Cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa): A Systematic Review of Adverse Events. (Review). Borrelli F, Ernst E. 455-466.
BJOG: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY Vol 115, November 2008 (www.blackwell.publishing/bjog) Œ
Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy: What about Quality of Life? Lacasse A, Rey E, Ferreira E, Morin C, Berard A. 1484-1493.
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS Vol 45, November 2008 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
Internet-Based Telemedicine: An Empirical Investigation of Objec-
Factors Affecting Food Selection in Canadian Population. Ree M, Riediger N, Moghadasian MH. 12551262. Should Snacks Be Recommended in Obesity Treatment? A 1-Year Randomized Clinical Trial. Forslund HB, Klingstrom S, Hagberg H, Londahl M, Torgerson JS, Lindroos AK. 1308-1317. Validation of Self-Reported Energy Intake by a Self-Administered Diet History Questionnaire Using the Doubly Labeled Water Method in 140 Japanese Adults. Okubo H, Sasaki S, Rafamantanantsoa HH, Ishikawa-Takata K, Okazaki H, Tabata I. 1343-1350.
HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW Vol 85, November 2008 (www.hbr.org) Œ
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tive and Subjective Video Quality. Tulu B, Chatterjee S. 681-696. Designing Online Selling Mechanisms: Transparency Levels and Prices. Granados N, Gupta A, Kauffman RJ. 729-745. A Model to Develop Effective Virtual Teams. Lin C, Standing C, Liu YC. 1031-1045.
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How Successful Leaders Think. Martin R. 60-67. Make Your Company a Talent Factory. Ready DA, Conger JA. 68-77.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY Vol 32, November 2008 (www.nature.com/ijo) Œ
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Evolutionary Origins of the Obesity Epidemic: Natural Selection of Thrifty Genes or Genetic Drift Following Predation Release? (Commentary Debate). Prentice AM, Hennig BJ, Fulford AJ. 1607-1610. Thrifty Genes for Obesity, an Attractive but Flawed Idea, and an Alternative Perspective: The “Drifty Gene” Hypothesis. (Commentary Debate). Speakman JR. 1611-1617.
Vol 32, November 2008, Supplement 5 Œ
Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA)
NEW IN REVIEW Kurth T, Belanger C, MacFadyen J, Bubes V, Manson JE, Glynn RJ, Gaziano JM. 2123-2133.
Study: Methodological Aspects. Branca F, Popkin BM, Simopoulos AP (Ed). S1-S83. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH Vol 43, November 2008 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
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Immunologic Changes in Children with Egg Allergy Ingesting Extensively Heated Egg. Lemon-Mulé H, Sampson HA, Sicherer SH, Shreffler WG, Noone S, Nowak-Wegrzn A. 977-983e1. Early Consumption of Peanuts in Infancy Is Associated with a Low Prevalence of Peanut Allergy. Du Toit G, Katz Y, Sasieni P, Mesher D, Maleki SJ, Fisher HR, Fox AT, Turcanu V, Amir T, Zadik-Mnuhin G, Cohen A, Livne I, Lack G. 984-991.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS Vol 207, November 2008 (www.facs.org/jacs) Œ
Effect of Immediate Enteral Feeding on Trauma Patients with an Open Abdomen: Protection from Nosocomial Infections. Dissanaike S, Pham T, Shalhub S, Warner K, Hennessy L, Moore EE, Maier RV, O’Keefe GE, Cuschieri J. 690-697.
THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Vol 300, November 12, 2008 (jama.ama-assn.org) ●
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Energy Drinks, Race, and Problem Behaviors among College Students. Miller KE. 490-497. Stressful Life Events and Disordered Eating Behaviors: Findings from Project EAT. Loth K, van den Berg P, Eisenberg ME, NeumarkSztainer D. 514-516.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY Vol 122, November 2008 (www.jaci.org) Œ
Vol 300, November 19, 2008
Vitamins E and C in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Men: The Physicians’ Health Study II Randomized Controlled Trial. Sesso HD, Buring JE, Christen WG,
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Ginkgo biloba for Prevention of Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Dekosky ST, Williamson JD, Fitzpatrick AL, Kronmal RA, Ives DG, Saxton JA, Lopez OL, Burke G, Carlson MC, Fried LP, Kuller LH, Robbins JA, Tracy RP, Woolard NF, Dunn L, Snitz BE, Nahin RL, Furberg CD, for the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) Study Investigators. 2253-2262. Pregnancy and Fertility Following Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review. (Review). Maggard MA, Yermilov I, Zhaoping L, Maglione M, Newberry S, Suttorp M, Hilton L, Santry HP, Morton JM, Livingston EH, Shekelle PG. 2286-2296.
Vitamins E and C. Does long-term use of selected nutritional supplements decrease cardiovascular health risk? The Physicians’ Health Study (PHS) II was a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled, 2⫻2⫻2 factorial design trial begun in 1997 and completed in 2007 in a cohort of 14,641 male American physicians (mean age 64.3 years) who were at least 50 years of age at baseline. The purpose was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with 400 IU synthetic ␣-tocopherol vitamin E every other day combined with daily 500 mg synthetic ascorbic acid vitamin C and a general multivitamin (Centrum Silver, Wyeth Consumer Healthcare, Richmond, VA). Approximately 50% of participants rolled over from PHS Phase I. Participants were followed every 6 months with questionnaires on health status and supplement compliance. Primary outcomes were any cardiovascular events and death. Outcomes were documented with follow-up requests for medical records or death certificates. Statistical analysis was completed using intent-to-treat methodology to calculate Cox proportional hazards ratios with 95% confidence intervals followed by adjustment for confounding variables. The mean follow-up was 8 years or 117,711 person-years. There was no statistical difference between the groups for outcome events (10.8 and 10.9 per 1,000-person-years) nor between hazards ratios for specific out-
comes (total myocardial infarction 0.90, total stroke 1.07, congestive heart failure 1.02). An increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke (hazards ratio 1.74, P⫽0.04) was linked to vitamin E. Use of these supplements did not provide a cardiovascular benefit but also demonstrated no harmful effects. Funding was provided by the National Institutes of Health and an investigator grant from the vitamin manufacturer, BASF Corporation (Florham Park, NJ), which also provided product for the study. Ginkgo biloba and dementia. The use of the herbal preparation Ginkgo biloba has been linked to memory retention, but its use in prevention of memory loss is unknown. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory clinical trial used five academic medical centers during 2000-2008 to enroll 3,069 adults at least 75 years of age assigned to either twice-daily doses of 120 mg Ginkgo biloba or placebo. Each participant designated a proxy adult to be interviewed every 6 months regarding function status. Each participant turned in empty medication packages to assess compliance. At baseline, 85% had normal cognitive function (NCF) and 15% had mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as defined by a battery of neuropsychological instruments. Classification of dementia was diagnosed by a blinded panel of experts. Cox proportional hazards ratios were calculated and log-rank tests were used to compare groups. Results showed no difference between the intervention or placebo groups in developing dementia regardless of NCF or MCI baseline category. No difference in adverse events was seen. The use of Ginkgo biloba in prevention of dementia appears to have no benefit but also showed no harmful side effects in this trial. Funding was provided by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, the Office of Dietary Supplements, and the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY Vol 61, November 2008 (www.elsevier.com/jclinepi) Œ
Meta-Analysis Methods for Diagnostic Accuracy. (Commentary). Begg CB. 1081-1082.
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Response to Commentary: Dealing with Heterogeneity in Meta-Analyses of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. (Commentary). Harbord R, Whiting P, Egger M, Deeks JJ, Shang A, Bachman LM, Sterne JA. 10831084. Validation, Updating, and Impact of Clinical Prediction Rules: A Review. (Review). Toll DB, Janseen KJ, Vergouwe Y, Moons KG. 10851094. An Empirical Comparison of Methods for Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy Showed Hierarchical Models Are Necessary. Harbord RM, Whiting P, Sterne JA, Egger M, Deeks JJ, Shang A, Bachmann LM. 1095-1103.
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE Vol 73, November-December 2008 (www.ift.org) Œ
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Functional Properties of Honey, Propolis, and Royal Jelly. (Review). Vinda-Martos M, Ruiz-Navajas Y, Fernandez-Lopez J, Perez-Alvarez JA. R117-R124. Fatty Acid Composition of California Grown Almonds. Sathe S, Seeram NP, Kshirsagar HH, Heber D, Lapsley KA. C60-C614. Nutrient-Rich Foods: Applying Navigation Systems to Improve Public Health. Drewnowski A, Fulgoni VL, Young MK, Pitman S. H222-H228.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION Vol 138, November 2008 (pubs.nutrition.org) Œ
Research on Iodine Deficiency and Goiter in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries. (Review). Zimmermann MB. 2060-2063.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY Vol 19, November 2008 (www.intl.elsevierhealth.com) Œ
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February 2009 Volume 109 Number 2
Phytochemicals and Regulation of the Adipocyte Life Cycle. (Review). Rayalam S, Della-Fera MA, Baile CA. 717-726.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR Vol 40, November-December 2008 (www.jneb.org) Œ
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Health and Nutrient Content Claims in Food Advertisements on Hispanic and Mainstream Prime-Time Television. Abbatangelo-Gray J, Byrd-Bredbenner C, Austin SB. 348-354. The Feasibility of Personal Digital Assistants (PDSs) to Collect Dietary Intake Data in Low-Income Pregnant Women. Fowles ER, Gentry B. 374-377.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS Vol 153, November 2008 (journals.elsevierhealth.com/periodicals/ ympd) Œ
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Time to Step Up to the Plate: Adopting the WHO 2006 Growth Curves for US Infants. (Commentary). Greer FR. 592-594. Effects of Average Childhood Dairy Intake on Adolescent Bone Health. Moore LL, Bradlee L, Gao D, Singer MR. 667-673.
Dairy intake and bone health. Does dairy intake during childhood predict adolescent bone health? The Framingham Children’s Study (FCS) is a prospective study of third- and fourthgeneration offspring of the original Framingham adult cohort. Their cohort is a group of 106 white children (age range 3 to 5 years) enrolled in 1987 with data collected for 12 consecutive years through 1999. The purpose of this analysis was to correlate the average daily intake of calcium during childhood to adolescent bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and bone area at age 15 to 17 years. Three-day food diaries were collected intermittently throughout the study. Bone health was assessed by scanner. Physical activity was determined by questionnaire and accelerometer. Correlations were made by general linear and analysis of covariance models using two servings of dairy per day as the cut-off between low (n⫽35) and high (n⫽49) intake. Results showed higher dairy intake of two or more servings of dairy per day was associated with higher bone mineral content and bone area. This
NEW IN REVIEW trend also held for intake of protein of at least four servings per day. There was a synergy effect when both higher dairy (mean 2.6 servings/day, mean 1,036.6 mg/day calcium, 6.9 g/ day vitamin D) and higher protein (6.2 servings/day) were consumed. Funding was provided by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Dairy Council. JOURNAL OF RENAL NUTRITION Vol 18, November 2008 (www.jrnjournal.org) ●
Changes in Potassium Content of Different Potato Varieties after Cooking. Burrowes JD, Ramer NJ. 530-534.
Potassium content of potatoes. Patients who must restrict their potassium intake were previously advised to soak peeled potatoes prior to cooking to leach the mineral but are now advised that potatoes can be prepared by just peeling and cooking. This analytical study focused on the estimated potassium content of six varieties of raw potatoes (russet, red bliss/red Dakota, Yukon gold, Viking, white rose, Russian banana fingerling) and the amount lost during recommended cooking processes. Each variety was purchased from the same local supermarket in New York. Each potato variety was washed, peeled, rinsed, surface-dried, and sliced into 3-mm width using a mandolin. For each set, slices were taken from different potato sections or from multiple tubers if small in size. Triplicate samples were analyzed raw, after normal cooking (ratio of boiling deionized water to potato 2:1), and after double cooking (draining after first boil then returned to room temperature water for second cooking). All samples were cooked 5 to 10 minutes to a uniform consistency. Chemical analysis followed established procedures for ash muffle furnace methods. Data were calculated by mean and standard deviation and percentage change from raw state followed by Student’s t-test. Samples decreased in potassium content sequentially within each variety from raw to double-cooked state. The mean potassium cooked content was 200 mg/100 g. The largest reduction in potassium content was for the Viking and fingerling (38%) with the
lowest for the red bliss (3%). Other nutrient losses were not evaluated but may be balanced by routine multivitamin supplementation given to chronic kidney failure patients. Funding was provided by the National Kidney Foundation Council on Renal Nutrition. LANCET, THE Vol 372, November 1-7, 2008 (www.thelancet.com) Œ
What Do We Mean by Rigorous Health-Systems Research? Mills A, Gilson L, Hanson K, Palmer N, Lagarde M. 1527-1529.
METABOLISM: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL Vol 57, November 2008 (www.elsevier.com/metabolism) ●
A Culturally Appropriate Diet and Lifestyle Intervention Can Successfully Treat the Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Female Pakistani Immigrants Residing in Melbourne, Australia. Kousar R, Burns C, Lewandowski P. 1502-1508.
Cultural diet adaptations. Diet interventions are more effective if they are adapted to the cultural and individual needs of the participants. This 24week controlled study evaluated the adaptation of traditional metabolic syndrome behavioral techniques to a convenience sample of 40 South Asian Pakistani married immigrant women (mean age 37.6 years) residing in Melbourne, Australia, for at least 5 years to test the effectiveness of culturally adapted education to specified outcomes. Participants exhibited at least one of the recognized metabolic syndrome risk factors, including sedentary lifestyle, higher body mass index and waist circumference, hypertension, and elevated fasting lipid and/or glucose. Baseline (control weeks 0-12) data included a culturally-adapted food frequency questionnaire, physical activity pattern, demographics, anthropometrics, blood pressure, laboratory parameters, and health history. All learning modules were cross-translated into Urdu. Oneon-one or group sessions with family members during intervention weeks 13-24 was followed by repeat of the
baseline measures. Approximately 4 hours per week in direct education was provided by a peer female bilingual educator with an in-depth knowledge of Pakistani culture and mores. Group differences were analyzed by t-tests. At the end of the intervention (week 24), significant improvements were seen in group means from baseline as increase from 4,000 to 8,617 steps per day measured by pedometer, reduction of body mass index from 29.2 to 27.8, and general improvement in fasting serum glucose and lipids. Because Pakistani women are responsible for food within the home, further research could focus on family unit benefits. No funding source was indicated. NUTRITION Vol 24, November/December 2008 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
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Tolerability and Safety of Olive OilBased Lipid Emulsion in CriticallyIll Neonates: A Blinded Randomized Trial. Webb AN, Hardy P, Peterkin M, Lee O, Shalley H, Croft KD, Mori TA, Heine RG, Bines JE. 1057-1064. Multifaceted Nutrition Intervention among Nursing-Home Residents has a Positive Influence on Nutrition and Function. Beck AM, Damkjaer K, Beyer N. 1073-1080. Chronic Enteropathy and Feeding in Children: An Update. (Review). Salvatore S, Hauser B, Devreker T, Arrigo S, Vandenplas Y. 1205-1216.
NUTRITION, METABOLISM, AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES Vol 18, November 2008 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
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The Glycemic Index of Bread and Biscuits Is Markedly Reduced by the Addition of a Proprietary Fiber Mixture to the Ingredients. Marangoni F, Poli A. 602-605. Breakfast Cereal Is Associated with a Lower Prevalence of Obesity Among 10-12-year-old Children: The PANACEA Study. Panagiotakos DB, Antonogeorgos G, Papadimitriou A, Anthracopoulos MB, Papdopoulos M, Konstantinidou M, Fretzayas A, Priftis KN. 606-612.
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NEW IN REVIEW NUTRITION RESEARCH Vol 28, November 2008 (www.elsevier.com/nr) Œ
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Grape Seed and Red Wine Polyphenol Extracts Inhibit Cellular Cholesterol Uptake, Cell Proliferation, and 5-Lipoxygenase Activity. (Review). Leifert WR, Abeywardena MY. 729-737. A Glucose Reference Curve Is the Optimum Method to Determine the Glycemic-Glucose Equivalent Values of Foods in Humans. Wallace AJ, Monro JA, Brown RC, Framptom CM. 753-759.
PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING Vol 73, November 2008 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
Are Interventions to Enhance Communication Performance in Allied Health Professionals Effective, and How Should They be Delivered? Direct and Indirect Evidence. (Review). Parry R. 186-195.
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Follow-Up of a Web-Based Tailored Intervention Promoting the Mediterranean Diet in Scotland. Papadaki A, Scott JA. 256-263.
PEDIATRICS Vol 122, November 2008 (www.pediatrics.org) Œ
Prevention of Rickets and Vitamin D Deficiency in Infants, Children, and Adolescents. Wagner CL, Greer FR, and the Section on Breastfeeding and Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics. 1142-1152.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Vol 47, November 2008 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
A Review of Mediators of Behavior in Interventions to Promote Physical Activity among Children and Adolescents. (Review). Lubans DR, Foster C, Biddle SJ. 463-470.
PRACTITIONER’S BOOKSHELF Self-Help Approaches for Obesity and Eating Disorders Edited by: Janet D. Latner, PhD; G. Terence Wilson, PhD; New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2007; $38.00; hardcover; 376 pp; ISBN: 1-59385442-0. Self-help approaches for weight and eating concerns are increasingly popular and in demand, but only some are effective. Self-Help Approaches for Obesity and Eating Disorders identifies which self-help strategies and programs actually work, and for whom, and guides clinicians in helping clients and patients to make the best use of the available options while minimizing potential drawbacks. With contributions from leading authorities, the book covers the spectrum from purely self-directed methods to treatments with
NEW IN REVIEW higher levels of professional involvement. It also provides a framework for determining which level of care is appropriate for a given individual, depending on the severity of the problem, the stage of treatment, and other factors. The book is divided into five parts, each of which contains multiple chapters authored by experts in nutrition and psychology providing the latest knowledge about weight and eating behaviors and the mechanisms of lasting behavioral change. Part I: Independent (Unguided) Self-Help focuses on self-guided approaches to weight loss and the safety, efficacy, and nutritional adequacy of popular and fad diets. Part II: Partially Assisted (Guided) Self-Help covers guided self-help for binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and body image disturbances, as well as for promoting and maintaining physical activity. Part III: Computer-Assisted Self-Help describes computer- and Internet-based strategies for preventing and treating obesity as well as interventions for eating disorders. Part IV: Group Self-Help examines commercial and organized self-help programs for weight management and group support for long-term management of obesity. Finally, Part V: Practical Strategies and Considerations includes information on treatment and prevention of overweight in children, treatment for night eating syndrome and binge eating, and strategies for coping with the stigma of obesity.
SITES IN REVIEW American Heart Association www.americanheart.org The overarching aim of the American Heart Association (AHA) and its Web site is “building healthier lives, free of cardiovascular diseases and stroke” by reducing or eliminating the prevalence of smoking, high blood cholesterol, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and physical inactivity in our country. Its Web site is a gateway to dozens of interactive tools, videos, and other educational materials focusing on heart health. These materials are categorized by target audience— health professionals, consumers, caregivers, and researchers. Since the AHA Web site is chock-full of timely
resources, the Site Index is a strategic starting point to streamline user navigation. Health professionals can tap into My AmericanHeart (free online registration is required) to enhance their knowledge of AHA practice guidelines, patient information, and continuing education opportunities. In this area of the site, the AHA Learning Library offers clinical and research updates, editorial commentaries, podcasts, and a listing of relevant printed resources. These materials are subdivided into five categories: cardiovascular disease, congested heart failure, lipid management/metabolic syndrome, and women’s health. In the Professional Education Center of the AHA site, health professionals can also obtain free continuing education by completing Web or “live” courses, viewing satellite broadcasts, or listening to podcasts. A brief online tutorial providing instructions for how users can readily choose one of these educational formats is posted on the Professional Education Center main page. Consumer and patient educational materials are also cataloged in the Health Professionals area of the AHA site. Many of these materials are available in both English and Spanish. Up to 10 copies of each type of patient pamphlet can be ordered free of charge. In the consumer area of the AHA site, users can find information about diet and heart health, low-fat and -sodium recipes (over 900 recipes are available in the AHA recipe database), a glossary of nutrition terms, and AHA dietary recommendations from infancy through adulthood. A description and ordering information for AHA’s No-Fad Diet book is also posted in this section. American Heart Association “Face the Facts” is the most recent nutrition feature on the site. The purpose of this consumer education program is to help users better understand the difference between healthful dietary fats and those that contribute to heart disease. To achieve this goal, site users can take a brief online “Fats 101” course, determine their daily calorie and dietary fat goals using the My Fats Translator, and learn about dozens of “fat-sensible” tips for adopting a heart healthy diet. A novel feature of the “Face the Facts” pro-
gram is the use of animated characters to educate low-literacy and young audiences about “good” and “bad” dietary fats. Users can view the Better Fat Sisters (Mon and Poly) or the Bad Fat Brothers (Sat and Trans), “webisodes” to discover how fats in food can affect risk of heart disease. These brief videos and corresponding menus can be downloaded from the AHA site. Heart 360 (www.heart360.org) is an online heart health tracking program for consumers found on an AHA-affiliated Web site. After completing a free online registration, users can enter their body weight, diet, physical activity, blood pressure, serum lipid levels, blood sugar, and other data relevant to their heart health into Microsoft HealthVault software, a secure online health information tracking system. Reports can be generated on demand, which include advice on how to achieve personal heart health goals. Users are encouraged to share their personal heart health profile reports with their health care provider. E-mail alerts are also sent when users’ cardiovascular health indicators are not within acceptable ranges. Heart Hub (www.hearthub.org), another AHA-sponsored Web site, is a user-friendly cyber portal to the most popular AHA resources presented in pictorial, easy-to-navigate format. Heart Hub for Patients offers a wide array of resources on heart health including cardiovascular risk assessment tools, brief educational videos, and “Ask the Experts” questions and answers. Heart Hub for Professionals is presented in a similar format but features patient education materials, evidence-based treatment guidelines, and research updates for clinicians. Heart Hub has received several Web awards, honoring its innovative presentation of tools, content, and site navigation. The AHA Web site is thoroughly reviewed on an 18-month cycle by members of its scientific staff. Immediate site updates are made to announce any new AHA guideline, statement, or recommendation.
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lease Niacin (2 g). Alrasadi K, Awan Z, Alwaili K, Ruel I, Hafiane A, Krimbou L, Genest J. 1341-1347.
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Niacin and high-density lipoprotein. Niacin has been prescribed for hyperlipidemia in the past but is now replaced by commercial statins. This prospective crossover pilot study assigned participants to one of three 8-week interventions (atorvastatin 20 mg/ day, fenofibrate 200 mg/day, niacin 2 g/day) separated by 4-week washout periods to examine the effect on fasting lipoproteins in a cohort of Canadian hyperlipidemic adult men (n⫽ 19, mean age 55⫾10 years). Inclusion criteria was high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ⬍5th percentile for age and sex or diagnosed genetic mutation of ABCA1 gene. Serum 12-hour fasting samples were taken at baseline as well as pre- and post-intervention periods. The American Heart Association diet was recommended along with typical exercise routine. Outcomes were absolute changes in fasting lipids expressed as percentages. The pre-study 20-mg atorvastatin dose was continued throughout study for 58% of the men. Student’s t-test was used to compare groups. Two patients (11%) dropped out of the study (elevated creatine kinase or myocardial infarction). Results showed different effects for each intervention. Niacin increased HDL by 22% (approximately 0.10 mmol/L, 3.9 mg/dL) compared to no effect for atorvastatin or fenofibrate. Atorvastatin changed the total cholesterol/ HDL ratio by 26%. Focus on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction requires a different treatment strategy. Funding was provided by prívate, institution, and government funds.
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IN THIS ISSUE PERIODICALS
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PRACTITIONER’S BOOKSHELF
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PERIODICALS Periodical articles of special interest to nutrition professionals are cited or abstracted in this section. Articles that have been abstracted are marked with a darkened circle (●). Literature abstracts and citations are prepared by the Journal editors. Articles are selected from scientific and professional publications chosen to convey fundamental knowledge in nutritional science and to span the specialty practice fields of readers. A list of the publications reviewed for this section is published each year in the January issue. The current list, which includes contact information for each title, appears on page 174 of the January 2009 issue. Readers who want information about any article or publication appearing in New in Review should use this directory to locate the authors or editors of the original article or publication. AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN Vol 78, November 2008 (www.aafp.org/afp) Œ
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Clinical Use of Probiotics: What Physicians Need to Know. (Commentary). Sanders ME. 1026. Probiotics. (Review). Kligler B, Cohrssen A. 1073-1078.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY Vol 102, November 2008 (www.elsevier.com/ajc) ●
Comparison of Treatment of Severe High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Deficiency in Men with Daily Atorvastatin (20 mg) versus Fenofibrate (200 mg) versus Extended-Re-
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION, THE Vol 88, November 2008 (pubs.nutrition.org) Œ
Issues Related to the Conduct of Systematic Reviews: A Focus on the Nutrition Field. (Perspective). Moher D, Tricco AC. 1191-1199.
© 2009 by the American Dietetic Association
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Dietary Protein Requirements of Younger and Older Adults. Campbell WW, Johnson CA, McCabe GP, Carnell NS. 1322-1329. Nutrient Quality of Fast Food Kids Meals. O’Donnell SI, Hoerr SL, Mendoza JA, Goh ET. 1388-1395. Fructose Consumption and Consequences for Glycation, Plasma Triacylglycerol, and Body Weight: Meta-Analyses and Meta-Regression Models of Intervention Studies. (Meta-analysis). Livesey G, Taylor RI. 1419-1437.
Protein requirements. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein was determined several decades ago. This two-by-two factorial strict diet-controlled study compared the intake of three protein levels (low: 0.50 g/kg; moderate: 0.75 g/kg; high: 1.00 g/kg) in a cohort of 58 free-living adults to the present RDA level of 0.80 g/kg. Recruitment was divided by sex (male, female) and age (younger, 21 to 46 years of age; older, 63 to 81 years of age) among a primarily Caucasian population. Adults ate one meal per day in the study facility and received all other meals for consumption at home. Three-day cycle menus were calculated with individualized energy levels to maintain the 6-day lead-in daily-measured fasting body weight. Dietary protein source focused on high biological value (egg, dairy, meat). Duplicate aliquots of all food were frozen for later analysis along with total fecal and urine samples for each adult. Nitrogen balance was calculated using the bootstrap procedure with twice the pooled standard deviation. Three-factor repeated measures analysis of variance followed by a one-sample t test compared protein intake to the RDA. Results showed the mean protein requirement was 0.85⫾0.21 g/kg/body weight. This was not statistically different from the current RDA and did not differ by sex or age group. Funding was provided by the US Department of Agriculture and the National Institutes of Health. Fast-food meal content. Fast-food meals marketed to children are a growing source of intake for this age group.
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NEW IN REVIEW The purpose of this 2007 study was to compare the nutrient content of available fast food meals to the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) meal plan for the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) for kindergarten through third grade. The location of Houston, TX, was selected as the fourth largest metropolitan area in the United States. Twelve national and regional fast food chains were represented, with 10 providing full nutrition information (Arby’s [Atlanta, GA], Burger King [Miami, FL], Chik-fil-a [Atlanta, GA], KFC [Louisville, KY], McDonald’s [Oak Brook, IL], Sonic [Oklahoma City, OK], Subway [Doctor’s Associates, Milford, CT], Taco Bell [Irvine, CA], Wendy’s [Dublin, OH], Whataburger [Corpus Christi, TX]), and two excluded for providing no information (Jack-inthe-Box [San Diego, CA], Quizno’s [Denver, CO]). Spreadsheets were generated for all possible kids meal combinations (⬎51,000); data were compared with NSLP by Student’s t test. Results showed more than one third provided ⬍30% of calories from fat, ⬍10% from saturated fat. Most meals provided adequate protein. The majority of meals were inadequate in calcium, iron, and fiber. There was large variation in beverages choices, sodium, and sugar content (highest 51.6% sugar). The mean calorie content was 526.7⫾133.6 kcal. Only 3% of meal combinations met all the NSLP requirements. The nutrient content of fast-food meals marketed to children requires careful evaluation and choice of options due to their complexity of content. Funding was provided by the Michigan Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and the Houston USDA/ARS Children’s Research Center. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY Vol 168, November 1, 2008 (www.aje.oupjournals.org) Œ
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Child-to-Adult Body Mass Index and Height Trajectories: A Comparison of 2 British Cohorts. Li L, Hardy R, Kuh D, Lo Conte R, Power C. 1008-1015. Intakes of Fruit, Vegetables, and Specific Botanical Groups in Relation to Lung Cancer Risk in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Wright ME, Park Y, Subar AF,
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Freedman ND, Albanes D, Hollenbeck A, Leitzmann MF, Schatzkin A. 1024-1034. What Do Case-Control Studies Estimate? Surveys on Methods and Assumptions in Published CaseControl Research. Knol MJ, Vandenbroucke JP, Scott P, Egger M. 1073-1081.
Vol 168, November 15, 2008 Œ
Combining Matched and Unmatched Control Groups in Case-Control Studies. Le Cessie S, Nagelkerke N, Rosendaal FR, van Stralen KJ, Pomp ER, van Houwelingen HC. 12041210.
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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION Vol 62, November 2008 (www.nature.com/ejcn) Œ
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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE Vol 121, November 2008 (www.amjmed.com) Œ
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Are Oral Sodium Phosphate Products for Bowel Cleansing Safe for the General Population? (Commentary). Lien YH. 931-932. Individualized Treatment for IronDeficiency Anemia in Adults. (Review). Alleyne M, Horne MK, Miller JL. 943-948.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY Vol 199, November 2008 (www.ajog.org)
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Black Cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa): A Systematic Review of Adverse Events. (Review). Borrelli F, Ernst E. 455-466.
BJOG: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY Vol 115, November 2008 (www.blackwell.publishing/bjog) Œ
Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy: What about Quality of Life? Lacasse A, Rey E, Ferreira E, Morin C, Berard A. 1484-1493.
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS Vol 45, November 2008 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
Internet-Based Telemedicine: An Empirical Investigation of Objec-
Factors Affecting Food Selection in Canadian Population. Ree M, Riediger N, Moghadasian MH. 12551262. Should Snacks Be Recommended in Obesity Treatment? A 1-Year Randomized Clinical Trial. Forslund HB, Klingstrom S, Hagberg H, Londahl M, Torgerson JS, Lindroos AK. 1308-1317. Validation of Self-Reported Energy Intake by a Self-Administered Diet History Questionnaire Using the Doubly Labeled Water Method in 140 Japanese Adults. Okubo H, Sasaki S, Rafamantanantsoa HH, Ishikawa-Takata K, Okazaki H, Tabata I. 1343-1350.
HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW Vol 85, November 2008 (www.hbr.org) Œ
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tive and Subjective Video Quality. Tulu B, Chatterjee S. 681-696. Designing Online Selling Mechanisms: Transparency Levels and Prices. Granados N, Gupta A, Kauffman RJ. 729-745. A Model to Develop Effective Virtual Teams. Lin C, Standing C, Liu YC. 1031-1045.
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How Successful Leaders Think. Martin R. 60-67. Make Your Company a Talent Factory. Ready DA, Conger JA. 68-77.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY Vol 32, November 2008 (www.nature.com/ijo) Œ
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Evolutionary Origins of the Obesity Epidemic: Natural Selection of Thrifty Genes or Genetic Drift Following Predation Release? (Commentary Debate). Prentice AM, Hennig BJ, Fulford AJ. 1607-1610. Thrifty Genes for Obesity, an Attractive but Flawed Idea, and an Alternative Perspective: The “Drifty Gene” Hypothesis. (Commentary Debate). Speakman JR. 1611-1617.
Vol 32, November 2008, Supplement 5 Œ
Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA)
NEW IN REVIEW Kurth T, Belanger C, MacFadyen J, Bubes V, Manson JE, Glynn RJ, Gaziano JM. 2123-2133.
Study: Methodological Aspects. Branca F, Popkin BM, Simopoulos AP (Ed). S1-S83. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH Vol 43, November 2008 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
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Immunologic Changes in Children with Egg Allergy Ingesting Extensively Heated Egg. Lemon-Mulé H, Sampson HA, Sicherer SH, Shreffler WG, Noone S, Nowak-Wegrzn A. 977-983e1. Early Consumption of Peanuts in Infancy Is Associated with a Low Prevalence of Peanut Allergy. Du Toit G, Katz Y, Sasieni P, Mesher D, Maleki SJ, Fisher HR, Fox AT, Turcanu V, Amir T, Zadik-Mnuhin G, Cohen A, Livne I, Lack G. 984-991.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS Vol 207, November 2008 (www.facs.org/jacs) Œ
Effect of Immediate Enteral Feeding on Trauma Patients with an Open Abdomen: Protection from Nosocomial Infections. Dissanaike S, Pham T, Shalhub S, Warner K, Hennessy L, Moore EE, Maier RV, O’Keefe GE, Cuschieri J. 690-697.
THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Vol 300, November 12, 2008 (jama.ama-assn.org) ●
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Energy Drinks, Race, and Problem Behaviors among College Students. Miller KE. 490-497. Stressful Life Events and Disordered Eating Behaviors: Findings from Project EAT. Loth K, van den Berg P, Eisenberg ME, NeumarkSztainer D. 514-516.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY Vol 122, November 2008 (www.jaci.org) Œ
Vol 300, November 19, 2008
Vitamins E and C in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Men: The Physicians’ Health Study II Randomized Controlled Trial. Sesso HD, Buring JE, Christen WG,
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Ginkgo biloba for Prevention of Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Dekosky ST, Williamson JD, Fitzpatrick AL, Kronmal RA, Ives DG, Saxton JA, Lopez OL, Burke G, Carlson MC, Fried LP, Kuller LH, Robbins JA, Tracy RP, Woolard NF, Dunn L, Snitz BE, Nahin RL, Furberg CD, for the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) Study Investigators. 2253-2262. Pregnancy and Fertility Following Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review. (Review). Maggard MA, Yermilov I, Zhaoping L, Maglione M, Newberry S, Suttorp M, Hilton L, Santry HP, Morton JM, Livingston EH, Shekelle PG. 2286-2296.
Vitamins E and C. Does long-term use of selected nutritional supplements decrease cardiovascular health risk? The Physicians’ Health Study (PHS) II was a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled, 2⫻2⫻2 factorial design trial begun in 1997 and completed in 2007 in a cohort of 14,641 male American physicians (mean age 64.3 years) who were at least 50 years of age at baseline. The purpose was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with 400 IU synthetic ␣-tocopherol vitamin E every other day combined with daily 500 mg synthetic ascorbic acid vitamin C and a general multivitamin (Centrum Silver, Wyeth Consumer Healthcare, Richmond, VA). Approximately 50% of participants rolled over from PHS Phase I. Participants were followed every 6 months with questionnaires on health status and supplement compliance. Primary outcomes were any cardiovascular events and death. Outcomes were documented with follow-up requests for medical records or death certificates. Statistical analysis was completed using intent-to-treat methodology to calculate Cox proportional hazards ratios with 95% confidence intervals followed by adjustment for confounding variables. The mean follow-up was 8 years or 117,711 person-years. There was no statistical difference between the groups for outcome events (10.8 and 10.9 per 1,000-person-years) nor between hazards ratios for specific out-
comes (total myocardial infarction 0.90, total stroke 1.07, congestive heart failure 1.02). An increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke (hazards ratio 1.74, P⫽0.04) was linked to vitamin E. Use of these supplements did not provide a cardiovascular benefit but also demonstrated no harmful effects. Funding was provided by the National Institutes of Health and an investigator grant from the vitamin manufacturer, BASF Corporation (Florham Park, NJ), which also provided product for the study. Ginkgo biloba and dementia. The use of the herbal preparation Ginkgo biloba has been linked to memory retention, but its use in prevention of memory loss is unknown. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory clinical trial used five academic medical centers during 2000-2008 to enroll 3,069 adults at least 75 years of age assigned to either twice-daily doses of 120 mg Ginkgo biloba or placebo. Each participant designated a proxy adult to be interviewed every 6 months regarding function status. Each participant turned in empty medication packages to assess compliance. At baseline, 85% had normal cognitive function (NCF) and 15% had mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as defined by a battery of neuropsychological instruments. Classification of dementia was diagnosed by a blinded panel of experts. Cox proportional hazards ratios were calculated and log-rank tests were used to compare groups. Results showed no difference between the intervention or placebo groups in developing dementia regardless of NCF or MCI baseline category. No difference in adverse events was seen. The use of Ginkgo biloba in prevention of dementia appears to have no benefit but also showed no harmful side effects in this trial. Funding was provided by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, the Office of Dietary Supplements, and the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY Vol 61, November 2008 (www.elsevier.com/jclinepi) Œ
Meta-Analysis Methods for Diagnostic Accuracy. (Commentary). Begg CB. 1081-1082.
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Response to Commentary: Dealing with Heterogeneity in Meta-Analyses of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. (Commentary). Harbord R, Whiting P, Egger M, Deeks JJ, Shang A, Bachman LM, Sterne JA. 10831084. Validation, Updating, and Impact of Clinical Prediction Rules: A Review. (Review). Toll DB, Janseen KJ, Vergouwe Y, Moons KG. 10851094. An Empirical Comparison of Methods for Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy Showed Hierarchical Models Are Necessary. Harbord RM, Whiting P, Sterne JA, Egger M, Deeks JJ, Shang A, Bachmann LM. 1095-1103.
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE Vol 73, November-December 2008 (www.ift.org) Œ
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Functional Properties of Honey, Propolis, and Royal Jelly. (Review). Vinda-Martos M, Ruiz-Navajas Y, Fernandez-Lopez J, Perez-Alvarez JA. R117-R124. Fatty Acid Composition of California Grown Almonds. Sathe S, Seeram NP, Kshirsagar HH, Heber D, Lapsley KA. C60-C614. Nutrient-Rich Foods: Applying Navigation Systems to Improve Public Health. Drewnowski A, Fulgoni VL, Young MK, Pitman S. H222-H228.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION Vol 138, November 2008 (pubs.nutrition.org) Œ
Research on Iodine Deficiency and Goiter in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries. (Review). Zimmermann MB. 2060-2063.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY Vol 19, November 2008 (www.intl.elsevierhealth.com) Œ
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February 2009 Volume 109 Number 2
Phytochemicals and Regulation of the Adipocyte Life Cycle. (Review). Rayalam S, Della-Fera MA, Baile CA. 717-726.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR Vol 40, November-December 2008 (www.jneb.org) Œ
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Health and Nutrient Content Claims in Food Advertisements on Hispanic and Mainstream Prime-Time Television. Abbatangelo-Gray J, Byrd-Bredbenner C, Austin SB. 348-354. The Feasibility of Personal Digital Assistants (PDSs) to Collect Dietary Intake Data in Low-Income Pregnant Women. Fowles ER, Gentry B. 374-377.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS Vol 153, November 2008 (journals.elsevierhealth.com/periodicals/ ympd) Œ
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Time to Step Up to the Plate: Adopting the WHO 2006 Growth Curves for US Infants. (Commentary). Greer FR. 592-594. Effects of Average Childhood Dairy Intake on Adolescent Bone Health. Moore LL, Bradlee L, Gao D, Singer MR. 667-673.
Dairy intake and bone health. Does dairy intake during childhood predict adolescent bone health? The Framingham Children’s Study (FCS) is a prospective study of third- and fourthgeneration offspring of the original Framingham adult cohort. Their cohort is a group of 106 white children (age range 3 to 5 years) enrolled in 1987 with data collected for 12 consecutive years through 1999. The purpose of this analysis was to correlate the average daily intake of calcium during childhood to adolescent bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and bone area at age 15 to 17 years. Three-day food diaries were collected intermittently throughout the study. Bone health was assessed by scanner. Physical activity was determined by questionnaire and accelerometer. Correlations were made by general linear and analysis of covariance models using two servings of dairy per day as the cut-off between low (n⫽35) and high (n⫽49) intake. Results showed higher dairy intake of two or more servings of dairy per day was associated with higher bone mineral content and bone area. This
NEW IN REVIEW trend also held for intake of protein of at least four servings per day. There was a synergy effect when both higher dairy (mean 2.6 servings/day, mean 1,036.6 mg/day calcium, 6.9 g/ day vitamin D) and higher protein (6.2 servings/day) were consumed. Funding was provided by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Dairy Council. JOURNAL OF RENAL NUTRITION Vol 18, November 2008 (www.jrnjournal.org) ●
Changes in Potassium Content of Different Potato Varieties after Cooking. Burrowes JD, Ramer NJ. 530-534.
Potassium content of potatoes. Patients who must restrict their potassium intake were previously advised to soak peeled potatoes prior to cooking to leach the mineral but are now advised that potatoes can be prepared by just peeling and cooking. This analytical study focused on the estimated potassium content of six varieties of raw potatoes (russet, red bliss/red Dakota, Yukon gold, Viking, white rose, Russian banana fingerling) and the amount lost during recommended cooking processes. Each variety was purchased from the same local supermarket in New York. Each potato variety was washed, peeled, rinsed, surface-dried, and sliced into 3-mm width using a mandolin. For each set, slices were taken from different potato sections or from multiple tubers if small in size. Triplicate samples were analyzed raw, after normal cooking (ratio of boiling deionized water to potato 2:1), and after double cooking (draining after first boil then returned to room temperature water for second cooking). All samples were cooked 5 to 10 minutes to a uniform consistency. Chemical analysis followed established procedures for ash muffle furnace methods. Data were calculated by mean and standard deviation and percentage change from raw state followed by Student’s t-test. Samples decreased in potassium content sequentially within each variety from raw to double-cooked state. The mean potassium cooked content was 200 mg/100 g. The largest reduction in potassium content was for the Viking and fingerling (38%) with the
lowest for the red bliss (3%). Other nutrient losses were not evaluated but may be balanced by routine multivitamin supplementation given to chronic kidney failure patients. Funding was provided by the National Kidney Foundation Council on Renal Nutrition. LANCET, THE Vol 372, November 1-7, 2008 (www.thelancet.com) Œ
What Do We Mean by Rigorous Health-Systems Research? Mills A, Gilson L, Hanson K, Palmer N, Lagarde M. 1527-1529.
METABOLISM: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL Vol 57, November 2008 (www.elsevier.com/metabolism) ●
A Culturally Appropriate Diet and Lifestyle Intervention Can Successfully Treat the Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Female Pakistani Immigrants Residing in Melbourne, Australia. Kousar R, Burns C, Lewandowski P. 1502-1508.
Cultural diet adaptations. Diet interventions are more effective if they are adapted to the cultural and individual needs of the participants. This 24week controlled study evaluated the adaptation of traditional metabolic syndrome behavioral techniques to a convenience sample of 40 South Asian Pakistani married immigrant women (mean age 37.6 years) residing in Melbourne, Australia, for at least 5 years to test the effectiveness of culturally adapted education to specified outcomes. Participants exhibited at least one of the recognized metabolic syndrome risk factors, including sedentary lifestyle, higher body mass index and waist circumference, hypertension, and elevated fasting lipid and/or glucose. Baseline (control weeks 0-12) data included a culturally-adapted food frequency questionnaire, physical activity pattern, demographics, anthropometrics, blood pressure, laboratory parameters, and health history. All learning modules were cross-translated into Urdu. Oneon-one or group sessions with family members during intervention weeks 13-24 was followed by repeat of the
baseline measures. Approximately 4 hours per week in direct education was provided by a peer female bilingual educator with an in-depth knowledge of Pakistani culture and mores. Group differences were analyzed by t-tests. At the end of the intervention (week 24), significant improvements were seen in group means from baseline as increase from 4,000 to 8,617 steps per day measured by pedometer, reduction of body mass index from 29.2 to 27.8, and general improvement in fasting serum glucose and lipids. Because Pakistani women are responsible for food within the home, further research could focus on family unit benefits. No funding source was indicated. NUTRITION Vol 24, November/December 2008 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
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Tolerability and Safety of Olive OilBased Lipid Emulsion in CriticallyIll Neonates: A Blinded Randomized Trial. Webb AN, Hardy P, Peterkin M, Lee O, Shalley H, Croft KD, Mori TA, Heine RG, Bines JE. 1057-1064. Multifaceted Nutrition Intervention among Nursing-Home Residents has a Positive Influence on Nutrition and Function. Beck AM, Damkjaer K, Beyer N. 1073-1080. Chronic Enteropathy and Feeding in Children: An Update. (Review). Salvatore S, Hauser B, Devreker T, Arrigo S, Vandenplas Y. 1205-1216.
NUTRITION, METABOLISM, AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES Vol 18, November 2008 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
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The Glycemic Index of Bread and Biscuits Is Markedly Reduced by the Addition of a Proprietary Fiber Mixture to the Ingredients. Marangoni F, Poli A. 602-605. Breakfast Cereal Is Associated with a Lower Prevalence of Obesity Among 10-12-year-old Children: The PANACEA Study. Panagiotakos DB, Antonogeorgos G, Papadimitriou A, Anthracopoulos MB, Papdopoulos M, Konstantinidou M, Fretzayas A, Priftis KN. 606-612.
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NEW IN REVIEW NUTRITION RESEARCH Vol 28, November 2008 (www.elsevier.com/nr) Œ
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Grape Seed and Red Wine Polyphenol Extracts Inhibit Cellular Cholesterol Uptake, Cell Proliferation, and 5-Lipoxygenase Activity. (Review). Leifert WR, Abeywardena MY. 729-737. A Glucose Reference Curve Is the Optimum Method to Determine the Glycemic-Glucose Equivalent Values of Foods in Humans. Wallace AJ, Monro JA, Brown RC, Framptom CM. 753-759.
PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING Vol 73, November 2008 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
Are Interventions to Enhance Communication Performance in Allied Health Professionals Effective, and How Should They be Delivered? Direct and Indirect Evidence. (Review). Parry R. 186-195.
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Follow-Up of a Web-Based Tailored Intervention Promoting the Mediterranean Diet in Scotland. Papadaki A, Scott JA. 256-263.
PEDIATRICS Vol 122, November 2008 (www.pediatrics.org) Œ
Prevention of Rickets and Vitamin D Deficiency in Infants, Children, and Adolescents. Wagner CL, Greer FR, and the Section on Breastfeeding and Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics. 1142-1152.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Vol 47, November 2008 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
A Review of Mediators of Behavior in Interventions to Promote Physical Activity among Children and Adolescents. (Review). Lubans DR, Foster C, Biddle SJ. 463-470.
PRACTITIONER’S BOOKSHELF Self-Help Approaches for Obesity and Eating Disorders Edited by: Janet D. Latner, PhD; G. Terence Wilson, PhD; New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2007; $38.00; hardcover; 376 pp; ISBN: 1-59385442-0. Self-help approaches for weight and eating concerns are increasingly popular and in demand, but only some are effective. Self-Help Approaches for Obesity and Eating Disorders identifies which self-help strategies and programs actually work, and for whom, and guides clinicians in helping clients and patients to make the best use of the available options while minimizing potential drawbacks. With contributions from leading authorities, the book covers the spectrum from purely self-directed methods to treatments with
NEW IN REVIEW higher levels of professional involvement. It also provides a framework for determining which level of care is appropriate for a given individual, depending on the severity of the problem, the stage of treatment, and other factors. The book is divided into five parts, each of which contains multiple chapters authored by experts in nutrition and psychology providing the latest knowledge about weight and eating behaviors and the mechanisms of lasting behavioral change. Part I: Independent (Unguided) Self-Help focuses on self-guided approaches to weight loss and the safety, efficacy, and nutritional adequacy of popular and fad diets. Part II: Partially Assisted (Guided) Self-Help covers guided self-help for binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and body image disturbances, as well as for promoting and maintaining physical activity. Part III: Computer-Assisted Self-Help describes computer- and Internet-based strategies for preventing and treating obesity as well as interventions for eating disorders. Part IV: Group Self-Help examines commercial and organized self-help programs for weight management and group support for long-term management of obesity. Finally, Part V: Practical Strategies and Considerations includes information on treatment and prevention of overweight in children, treatment for night eating syndrome and binge eating, and strategies for coping with the stigma of obesity.
SITES IN REVIEW American Heart Association www.americanheart.org The overarching aim of the American Heart Association (AHA) and its Web site is “building healthier lives, free of cardiovascular diseases and stroke” by reducing or eliminating the prevalence of smoking, high blood cholesterol, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and physical inactivity in our country. Its Web site is a gateway to dozens of interactive tools, videos, and other educational materials focusing on heart health. These materials are categorized by target audience— health professionals, consumers, caregivers, and researchers. Since the AHA Web site is chock-full of timely
resources, the Site Index is a strategic starting point to streamline user navigation. Health professionals can tap into My AmericanHeart (free online registration is required) to enhance their knowledge of AHA practice guidelines, patient information, and continuing education opportunities. In this area of the site, the AHA Learning Library offers clinical and research updates, editorial commentaries, podcasts, and a listing of relevant printed resources. These materials are subdivided into five categories: cardiovascular disease, congested heart failure, lipid management/metabolic syndrome, and women’s health. In the Professional Education Center of the AHA site, health professionals can also obtain free continuing education by completing Web or “live” courses, viewing satellite broadcasts, or listening to podcasts. A brief online tutorial providing instructions for how users can readily choose one of these educational formats is posted on the Professional Education Center main page. Consumer and patient educational materials are also cataloged in the Health Professionals area of the AHA site. Many of these materials are available in both English and Spanish. Up to 10 copies of each type of patient pamphlet can be ordered free of charge. In the consumer area of the AHA site, users can find information about diet and heart health, low-fat and -sodium recipes (over 900 recipes are available in the AHA recipe database), a glossary of nutrition terms, and AHA dietary recommendations from infancy through adulthood. A description and ordering information for AHA’s No-Fad Diet book is also posted in this section. American Heart Association “Face the Facts” is the most recent nutrition feature on the site. The purpose of this consumer education program is to help users better understand the difference between healthful dietary fats and those that contribute to heart disease. To achieve this goal, site users can take a brief online “Fats 101” course, determine their daily calorie and dietary fat goals using the My Fats Translator, and learn about dozens of “fat-sensible” tips for adopting a heart healthy diet. A novel feature of the “Face the Facts” pro-
gram is the use of animated characters to educate low-literacy and young audiences about “good” and “bad” dietary fats. Users can view the Better Fat Sisters (Mon and Poly) or the Bad Fat Brothers (Sat and Trans), “webisodes” to discover how fats in food can affect risk of heart disease. These brief videos and corresponding menus can be downloaded from the AHA site. Heart 360 (www.heart360.org) is an online heart health tracking program for consumers found on an AHA-affiliated Web site. After completing a free online registration, users can enter their body weight, diet, physical activity, blood pressure, serum lipid levels, blood sugar, and other data relevant to their heart health into Microsoft HealthVault software, a secure online health information tracking system. Reports can be generated on demand, which include advice on how to achieve personal heart health goals. Users are encouraged to share their personal heart health profile reports with their health care provider. E-mail alerts are also sent when users’ cardiovascular health indicators are not within acceptable ranges. Heart Hub (www.hearthub.org), another AHA-sponsored Web site, is a user-friendly cyber portal to the most popular AHA resources presented in pictorial, easy-to-navigate format. Heart Hub for Patients offers a wide array of resources on heart health including cardiovascular risk assessment tools, brief educational videos, and “Ask the Experts” questions and answers. Heart Hub for Professionals is presented in a similar format but features patient education materials, evidence-based treatment guidelines, and research updates for clinicians. Heart Hub has received several Web awards, honoring its innovative presentation of tools, content, and site navigation. The AHA Web site is thoroughly reviewed on an 18-month cycle by members of its scientific staff. Immediate site updates are made to announce any new AHA guideline, statement, or recommendation.
February 2009 ● Journal of the AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
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