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Gas and smoke detector uses low-leakage MOS transistor
274
World Abstracts on Microelectronics and Reliability
An accurate computer analysis of relaxation effects in MOS capacitors. P. U. CALZOLARI, S. GRAFFI and G. PIERINI. Alta Frequenza. Vol. XLIII No. 7, Luglio 1974. p. 396-234E. A computer program for the analysis of largesignal behaviour of metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (MOSC's) is presented together with its application to a MOSC which, suddenly driven by a voltage step from flat-band toward inversion, relaxes to equilibrium. First, the ideal case, i.e. absence of surface states and field-independent generation, is examined. These assumptions are subsequently dropped one at a time. The aim is to show what the outcomes of the corresponding experimental investigations would be and, consequently, to check the reliability of the methods proposed in the past to obtain physical information about the generation processes. In particular, it is shown that bulk generation lifetime and its dependence on the electric field may be deduced with considerable accuracy from the current-elastance curve, as was recently suggested by the authors. Moreover, it was observed that acceptor-like surface-state densities of the order of 10 '1 cm :, localized at the intrinsic level, influence current and capacitance temporal evolution so slightly that it seems highly improbable that the presence of surface states can be evidenced by means of this particular experiment. A stable delay multivibrator using a linear IC chip. D, K. BASU and R. DATTAGUPTA. Int. J. Electron. 37 (3) 377 (1974). A simple method of generation of a delay period with excellent supply voltage insensitivity over a wide range extending from a few nanosec to several sec is described. The circuit uses half of a differential amplifier linear IC chip, a timing capacitor and few other components. The rise and fall times of the waveform were found to be only a few nanoseconds and to remain constant over the entire delay range. The unique feature of the circuit is that the delay period stability was found to be better than 0.5 % even at the smallest period for + 50% variation of the positive power supply and + 30% variation of the negative supply. The temperature stability of the circuit is inherent due to the use of the IC chip. The minimum delay period was found to be 60 nsec and the maximum was limited by the value of the timing capacitor. Bipolar LSI computing elements usher in new era ot digital design. JUSTIN RATTNER, JEAN-CLAUDE CORNET and M. E. HOFF JR., Electronics, September 5th, 1974. p. 89. Schottky bipolar chip set that is compatible with standard memories outdoes MOS microprocessors in performance and flexibility--the user microprograms it, and it can be configured to fit many computation and control functions. IC op amp has C-MOS output. LAURENCE ALTMAN. Electronics, September 19th, 1974. p. 133. Device also includes interdigitated p-MOS input structure and bipolar gain stages; process mix offers benefits in gain, speed, and voltage swing. Regulating voltage with just one quad IC and one supply. R. A. KOEHLER, Electronics, November 14, 1974. p. 125. Full-range, high-performance power supplies are often bulky and expensive because they require two independent voltage sources--one main and one reference--with associated rectifiers, filter capacitors and reference regulator circuitry. But only one unregulated source of about 26 V dc and one ground-sensing quad operational amplifier are necessary in a regulated power supply that provides 1 A at 0-20 V with foldback current-limiting and overload indication. It achieves line and load regulation within -4-0-02% over the full range of load conditions, even when the input voltage varies between 24 and 28 V de. When the regulator is quiescent, its current requirement amounts to less than 10 mA.
Integrated temperature transducers. MICHAEL J. RIEZENMAN. Electronics, November 14, 1974. p. 130. Within their limited temperature range, new ICs are cheap and easy to use because they have large linear outputs. As clipper, IC comparator is improved by teedback. ARTHUR D. DELAGRANGE. Electronics, November 14, 1974. p. 127. When used as clippers, modern integratedcircuit comparators are generally limited by input offset, not gain. To assure that the output will switch in a conventional circuit, the peak input voltage must be greater than the differential current offset multiplied by the bias resistor value and added to the differential voltage offset. A smaller peak input voltage can be used, however, if dc negative feedback is added to the negative input. The input offset is effectively reduced by the gain of the comparator as the circuit seeks its own bias point, just as operationalamplifier circuits do. The output is symmetrical, even for input levels near or below the comparator input offset. Schottky components are byte-sized. MICHAELJ. RIEZENMAN. Electronics, November 28, 1974. p. 131. Family of bipolar MSI and LSI devices has 8-bit organization for easy interfacing with 8- and 16-bit microprocessors; mainly in 20-pin DIPs. Charge-transter devices filter complex communications signals. J. J. TIEMANN, W. E. ENGELER, R. D. BAERTSCH and D. M. BROWN. Electronics, November 14, 1974. p. 113. CTDs combine the simplicity, high speed and low power requirements of analog filters with the stability and programability of digital systems without the need for large, expensive computer installations. MOS in the telephone exchange. R. BOMFORD and D. R HESTER. Proc. Int. Packaging Production Con[. Brighton 16-18 October, 1973. The telephone exchange electrical environment is hostile to electronic components. The use of MOS integrated circuits for an application demanding a long equipment lifetime in this environment must be a good test of their reliability, particularly for their ability to withstand voltage "spikes". This paper describes a typical application, the Mk. II regenerator. It had the advantage of a special reliability programme that enabled a far more extensive study to be made than is normally possible. In order to provide optimum electronic apparatus using LSI techniques, the Pye TMC approach has been to carry out all design, including layout, to the point where masks could be released to more than one processor. This ensures complete design independence and no circuit or design contribution is made from outside sources so that the processors need not know the application or even the particular function of any circuit. It was found that improved gate protection on these circuits has considerably reduced their susceptibility to "spikes". Reliability was found to meet the design requirements by a considerable margin, and as most of the failures were not typically "MOS" failures, further improvement in reliability can be envisaged. Gas and smoke detector uses low-leakage MOS transistor. AL PSHAENICH and ROGER JANIKOWSKI. Electronics, November 28, 1974. p. 124. With metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOS FETs) that have very low leakage current, combustion gas detectors can now be inexpensively built to run on battery power. This type of detector consists of an ionization chamber and a solid-state amplifier. Besides sounding an alarm in the presence of gas or smoke, the detector warns when the battery is dying. An integrated circuit two-tone generator. R. G. J. WILSON. Radio Communication December, 1974. P. 853. The author needed a separate two-tone oscillator with its own separate
World Abstracts on Microelectronics and Reliability
An accurate computer analysis of relaxation effects in MOS capacitors. P. U. CALZOLARI, S. GRAFFI and G. PIERINI. Alta Frequenza. Vol. XLIII No. 7, Luglio 1974. p. 396-234E. A computer program for the analysis of largesignal behaviour of metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (MOSC's) is presented together with its application to a MOSC which, suddenly driven by a voltage step from flat-band toward inversion, relaxes to equilibrium. First, the ideal case, i.e. absence of surface states and field-independent generation, is examined. These assumptions are subsequently dropped one at a time. The aim is to show what the outcomes of the corresponding experimental investigations would be and, consequently, to check the reliability of the methods proposed in the past to obtain physical information about the generation processes. In particular, it is shown that bulk generation lifetime and its dependence on the electric field may be deduced with considerable accuracy from the current-elastance curve, as was recently suggested by the authors. Moreover, it was observed that acceptor-like surface-state densities of the order of 10 '1 cm :, localized at the intrinsic level, influence current and capacitance temporal evolution so slightly that it seems highly improbable that the presence of surface states can be evidenced by means of this particular experiment. A stable delay multivibrator using a linear IC chip. D, K. BASU and R. DATTAGUPTA. Int. J. Electron. 37 (3) 377 (1974). A simple method of generation of a delay period with excellent supply voltage insensitivity over a wide range extending from a few nanosec to several sec is described. The circuit uses half of a differential amplifier linear IC chip, a timing capacitor and few other components. The rise and fall times of the waveform were found to be only a few nanoseconds and to remain constant over the entire delay range. The unique feature of the circuit is that the delay period stability was found to be better than 0.5 % even at the smallest period for + 50% variation of the positive power supply and + 30% variation of the negative supply. The temperature stability of the circuit is inherent due to the use of the IC chip. The minimum delay period was found to be 60 nsec and the maximum was limited by the value of the timing capacitor. Bipolar LSI computing elements usher in new era ot digital design. JUSTIN RATTNER, JEAN-CLAUDE CORNET and M. E. HOFF JR., Electronics, September 5th, 1974. p. 89. Schottky bipolar chip set that is compatible with standard memories outdoes MOS microprocessors in performance and flexibility--the user microprograms it, and it can be configured to fit many computation and control functions. IC op amp has C-MOS output. LAURENCE ALTMAN. Electronics, September 19th, 1974. p. 133. Device also includes interdigitated p-MOS input structure and bipolar gain stages; process mix offers benefits in gain, speed, and voltage swing. Regulating voltage with just one quad IC and one supply. R. A. KOEHLER, Electronics, November 14, 1974. p. 125. Full-range, high-performance power supplies are often bulky and expensive because they require two independent voltage sources--one main and one reference--with associated rectifiers, filter capacitors and reference regulator circuitry. But only one unregulated source of about 26 V dc and one ground-sensing quad operational amplifier are necessary in a regulated power supply that provides 1 A at 0-20 V with foldback current-limiting and overload indication. It achieves line and load regulation within -4-0-02% over the full range of load conditions, even when the input voltage varies between 24 and 28 V de. When the regulator is quiescent, its current requirement amounts to less than 10 mA.
Integrated temperature transducers. MICHAEL J. RIEZENMAN. Electronics, November 14, 1974. p. 130. Within their limited temperature range, new ICs are cheap and easy to use because they have large linear outputs. As clipper, IC comparator is improved by teedback. ARTHUR D. DELAGRANGE. Electronics, November 14, 1974. p. 127. When used as clippers, modern integratedcircuit comparators are generally limited by input offset, not gain. To assure that the output will switch in a conventional circuit, the peak input voltage must be greater than the differential current offset multiplied by the bias resistor value and added to the differential voltage offset. A smaller peak input voltage can be used, however, if dc negative feedback is added to the negative input. The input offset is effectively reduced by the gain of the comparator as the circuit seeks its own bias point, just as operationalamplifier circuits do. The output is symmetrical, even for input levels near or below the comparator input offset. Schottky components are byte-sized. MICHAELJ. RIEZENMAN. Electronics, November 28, 1974. p. 131. Family of bipolar MSI and LSI devices has 8-bit organization for easy interfacing with 8- and 16-bit microprocessors; mainly in 20-pin DIPs. Charge-transter devices filter complex communications signals. J. J. TIEMANN, W. E. ENGELER, R. D. BAERTSCH and D. M. BROWN. Electronics, November 14, 1974. p. 113. CTDs combine the simplicity, high speed and low power requirements of analog filters with the stability and programability of digital systems without the need for large, expensive computer installations. MOS in the telephone exchange. R. BOMFORD and D. R HESTER. Proc. Int. Packaging Production Con[. Brighton 16-18 October, 1973. The telephone exchange electrical environment is hostile to electronic components. The use of MOS integrated circuits for an application demanding a long equipment lifetime in this environment must be a good test of their reliability, particularly for their ability to withstand voltage "spikes". This paper describes a typical application, the Mk. II regenerator. It had the advantage of a special reliability programme that enabled a far more extensive study to be made than is normally possible. In order to provide optimum electronic apparatus using LSI techniques, the Pye TMC approach has been to carry out all design, including layout, to the point where masks could be released to more than one processor. This ensures complete design independence and no circuit or design contribution is made from outside sources so that the processors need not know the application or even the particular function of any circuit. It was found that improved gate protection on these circuits has considerably reduced their susceptibility to "spikes". Reliability was found to meet the design requirements by a considerable margin, and as most of the failures were not typically "MOS" failures, further improvement in reliability can be envisaged. Gas and smoke detector uses low-leakage MOS transistor. AL PSHAENICH and ROGER JANIKOWSKI. Electronics, November 28, 1974. p. 124. With metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOS FETs) that have very low leakage current, combustion gas detectors can now be inexpensively built to run on battery power. This type of detector consists of an ionization chamber and a solid-state amplifier. Besides sounding an alarm in the presence of gas or smoke, the detector warns when the battery is dying. An integrated circuit two-tone generator. R. G. J. WILSON. Radio Communication December, 1974. P. 853. The author needed a separate two-tone oscillator with its own separate