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Genetics, environment and disease
1322
ABSTRACTS
OF
CLRRENT
IJTERATIJRl’.
The second case appeared to be due to hypoxemia during a critical stage of introuterine development. Hypoxnmia was diagnosed on the basis of menstrual bleeding up to the third month of pregnancy. Since exogenous factors could be diagnosed, the term “phenocopy” applies to both cases. P. W.
CLINICAL AND LABORATOBY BESEARCH The Action of Vitamin D, on the UalcUicaUon of the Incisors and Molars of the Bat (Acclon de la vitamina D2 sobre la caldfkacion de1 indsivo p molar de b, rata). Juan C. Muracciole. Rev. Odontol. 41: 60, 1953 (Argentina). A simple dose of vitamin Ds, 400,000 to 600,000 units, was given to white rats to study its effect upon the calcification of the teeth. The results showed that the injected animals presented a dentine more calcified than those which did not receive the vitamin. In incisors and in molars, the hypercalcification is seen as a secondary dentine. It is the author’s opinion that the doses of vitamin D, are effective in building wellcalcified teeth and that its reaction to foreign factors is manifested only during morphology. G. A. R. C. Practical
Caries Control.
N. E. c)oldmorthy.
D. J. Australia
27: April,
1955.
Caries is primarily a microbiologic problem and, aa might be expected, diet has a major influence on caries prevalence. In areaa where native peoples live on diets of locally grown ’ areas where the diet foodstuffs, there is less caries experience than in so-called “civilized’ consists of “store food” that has been processed and refined. The number of times per It has been shown that reorganiday that food is taken into the mouth is also a factor. zation of the diet habits of caries-susceptible persons makes it possible to slow down the initiation and progress of carious lesions and to diminish the number of lactobacilli in the mouth. After discussing the many kinds of organisms found in the mouth, the author offers several examples as evidence of the concept of the etiology and pathogenesis of caries, which k fermentable substance + acid ; (2) can be summarized as follows: (1) microorganisms acid + mineral + dissolution of mineral, that is, calcified tooth substance. Genetics,
Environment
and Disease.
N. E. Gold~wortby. D. J. Australia
27: August,
1955.
Genetic influences are well established in relation to certain diseases and aberrations, and there are indications that the list of such conditions will be lengthened. However, heredity must be kept in its proper perspective and must be recognized as a co-factor with environment in the initiation of dental caries. Heredity and environment are so intimately interwoven that they cannot safely be considered alone. Studies of homosygous twins living under different environmental conditions are necessary if the real extent of hereditary influences is to be determined. Heredity sometimes is so strong that environment cannot exert detectable effects, but often envlronment can influence or even overwhelm heredity and appear to suppress its outward expression. Genetic differences in nutritional requirements exist between different species of animals, and such differences probably exist between individual human beings. Hereditary immunity and susceptibility to experimental caries have been demonstrated in rate. The evidence for the role of heredity in human caries is, at present, meager, but it still cannot be ignored.
ABSTRACTS
OF
CLRRENT
IJTERATIJRl’.
The second case appeared to be due to hypoxemia during a critical stage of introuterine development. Hypoxnmia was diagnosed on the basis of menstrual bleeding up to the third month of pregnancy. Since exogenous factors could be diagnosed, the term “phenocopy” applies to both cases. P. W.
CLINICAL AND LABORATOBY BESEARCH The Action of Vitamin D, on the UalcUicaUon of the Incisors and Molars of the Bat (Acclon de la vitamina D2 sobre la caldfkacion de1 indsivo p molar de b, rata). Juan C. Muracciole. Rev. Odontol. 41: 60, 1953 (Argentina). A simple dose of vitamin Ds, 400,000 to 600,000 units, was given to white rats to study its effect upon the calcification of the teeth. The results showed that the injected animals presented a dentine more calcified than those which did not receive the vitamin. In incisors and in molars, the hypercalcification is seen as a secondary dentine. It is the author’s opinion that the doses of vitamin D, are effective in building wellcalcified teeth and that its reaction to foreign factors is manifested only during morphology. G. A. R. C. Practical
Caries Control.
N. E. c)oldmorthy.
D. J. Australia
27: April,
1955.
Caries is primarily a microbiologic problem and, aa might be expected, diet has a major influence on caries prevalence. In areaa where native peoples live on diets of locally grown ’ areas where the diet foodstuffs, there is less caries experience than in so-called “civilized’ consists of “store food” that has been processed and refined. The number of times per It has been shown that reorganiday that food is taken into the mouth is also a factor. zation of the diet habits of caries-susceptible persons makes it possible to slow down the initiation and progress of carious lesions and to diminish the number of lactobacilli in the mouth. After discussing the many kinds of organisms found in the mouth, the author offers several examples as evidence of the concept of the etiology and pathogenesis of caries, which k fermentable substance + acid ; (2) can be summarized as follows: (1) microorganisms acid + mineral + dissolution of mineral, that is, calcified tooth substance. Genetics,
Environment
and Disease.
N. E. Gold~wortby. D. J. Australia
27: August,
1955.
Genetic influences are well established in relation to certain diseases and aberrations, and there are indications that the list of such conditions will be lengthened. However, heredity must be kept in its proper perspective and must be recognized as a co-factor with environment in the initiation of dental caries. Heredity and environment are so intimately interwoven that they cannot safely be considered alone. Studies of homosygous twins living under different environmental conditions are necessary if the real extent of hereditary influences is to be determined. Heredity sometimes is so strong that environment cannot exert detectable effects, but often envlronment can influence or even overwhelm heredity and appear to suppress its outward expression. Genetic differences in nutritional requirements exist between different species of animals, and such differences probably exist between individual human beings. Hereditary immunity and susceptibility to experimental caries have been demonstrated in rate. The evidence for the role of heredity in human caries is, at present, meager, but it still cannot be ignored.