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Microstrip Slotted Caterpillar Patch Antenna for S, Ku and K-Band Applications
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 10738–10746
www.materialstoday.com/proceedings
ILAFM2016
Microstrip Slotted Caterpillar Patch Antenna for S, Ku and K-Band Applications Deepanshu Kaushala, T. Shanmugananthamb b
a PG Student, Department of Electronics Engineering, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry,605014, India Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics Engineering, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry,605014, India
Abstract This paper brings out the designed innovative structure and the characterized results of a triple band microstrip slotted caterpillar patch antenna with the patch structure bearing a resemblance close to caterpillar. The structure utilizes a FR4 epoxy substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4, dielectric loss tangent of 0.002 and having dimensions 9 mm x 17 mm x 1.6 mm. The use of probe feeding mechanism is on account of numerous offered advantages. The simulation software used is HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator). The structure is found to have respective center frequencies of 3.12 GHz, 15.18 GHz and 24.04 GHz which have respective reflection coefficients of -12.8 dB, -21 dB and -10.6 dB and offer a maximum gain of 6.2 dBi, 17.1 dBi and 16.2 dBi respectively. The bandwidths attained at these center frequencies are 36 MHz, 4.9 GHz and 710 MHz respectively. While the 36 MHz band covering 3.12 GHz may be used for radio location, earth exploration satellites (active) and space research (active); the band covering 15.18 GHz can be used for fixed mobile and space research and the one covering 24.04 GHz may be used for amateur satellite.
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and/or Peer-review under responsibility of Second International Conference on Large Area Flexible
Microelectronics (ILAFM 2016): Wearable Electronics, December 20th–22nd, 2016. Keywords:slotted caterpillar patch; earth exploration satellites;space research; amateur satellites.
* Corresponding author. T. Shanmuganantham E-mail address: [email protected]
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and/or Peer-review under responsibility of Second International Conference on Large Area Flexible Microelectronics (ILAFM 2016): Wearable Electronics, December 20th–22nd, 2016.
T. Shanmuganantham, et.al.,/Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 10738–10746
10739
1. Introduction Radio location that branches out of radio determination is the active process of tracing the location of something using radio waves. It is generally used in radars as well as detecting buried cables, water mains, and other public utilities. The private land mobile systems provide wireless communication service for terrestrial users in vehicles or on foot. Similarly, the amateur satellites are used for non-commercial exchange of messages, wireless experimentation, self- training, private recreation, radio sport, contesting, and emergency communication. In addition to these, several other applications including earth exploration satellites and space research have been allocated specified ranges in almost all the bands. The microstrip patch antennas utilizing a dielectric layer (substrate) that separates radiating patch and a ground plane on its either sides provide all the listed applications and still others owing to their light weight, low profile structure, reduced cost, conformability to non- planar structures [1].
Fig.1. Microstrip Patch Antenna
This literature review involved the study of several recent microstrip patch antennas. The rectangular microstrip patch antenna in [2] exhibits a peak gain of 3.5 dBi with a return loss of -30 dB. In [3], Deepanshu Kaushal proposed a three stage optimized microstrip swastika patch antenna. The final variant offers a reflection coefficient of -16.2 dB with a peak gain of 7.4 dBi. In [4], Deepanshu Kaushal designed a danger patch antenna for fixed satellite applications. The design offered a reflection coefficient of -10.3 dB with a peak gain of 4.9 dBi. In yet another work in [5], Deepanshu Kaushal has designed mono band slotted power button patch antenna for aviation communication that would offer a maximum gain of 4.5 dBi with a reflection coefficient of -12.7 dB. The triple band microstrip delete patch antenna designed in [6] could offer the most significant gain of 7.7 dBi and a bandwidth of 210 MHz. The proposed slotted caterpillar design offers a triple band resonance at 3.12 GHz, 15.18 GHz and 24.01 GHz with the offered respective reflection coefficients being -12.8 dB, -21 dB and -10.6 dB and the maximum achieved gain being 6.2 dBi, 17.1 dBi and 16.2 dBi respectively. The bandwidths attained include 36 MHz, 4.9 GHz and 710 MHz. The design is intended for multiband operation and offers quite significant characteristics over the reviewed literatures. The use of coaxial/probe feeding technique offers the much required flexibility in the choice of feed location, simple fabrication, easy matching and less spurious radiations. The section 2 opens up with a discussion on antenna geometry and its specifications. This is followed by parametric analysis in section 3. A discussion on the main results including reflection coefficient, bandwidth, radiation pattern, gain, directivity and VSWR is carried in section 4. References have been added at the end of conclusion.
10740
T. Shanmuganantham, et.al.,/ Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 10738–10746
2. Geometry of The Proposed Antenna and Its Specifications The design idea for the proposed antenna has been taken from the following figure available on google images as shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Caterpillar Clip Art
The Fig.3 displays the work plan for the proposed slotted caterpillar patch antenna.
Fig. 3. Flowchart for the proposed work
The geometry of the proposed antenna based on this flowchart is shown in Fig.4.
T. Shanmuganantham, et.al.,/Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 10738–10746
10741
Fig.4. Geometry of the proposed antenna
The proposed antenna geometry has been formed by linear combination of circular slots of appropriate radius in the rectangular patch. Further, slots are made to represent the eyes and lips. The protruding’s over the head have been formed by linear combination of circular and rectangular slots. Also, the rectangular slots at the bottom are meant to represent legs. The following table lists the specifications of the proposed antenna design. Table 1. Antenna Specifications(mm). Dimension
Value (mm)
L
9
W
17
L1
11
The basic steps for the development of rectangular patch antenna (RPA) include [7]: Step 1: Calculating the thickness of the dielectric medium using this equation:
h 0.3
c 2
f
(1)
r
r
Step 2: Calculating the width of the radiating patch using:
c w 2 f
r
1 2
r
(2)
10742
T. Shanmuganantham, et.al.,/ Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 10738–10746
Step 3: The length of metallic patch is calculated as under:
L
c 2
f r
2l (3) reff
where c: velocity of light=3*108m/s εr:dielectric constant of the substrate. fr: resonant frequency of antenna
reff
1 1 r r 2 2
12h 1 (4) w
Step 4: Extension length of the radiating patch is computed with this equation:
0.03 w 0.264h Δl .412h εreff (5) w .8h .258 εreff 3. Parametric Study The proposed antenna was developed over a 9 mm x 17 mm x 1.6 mm FR4 epoxy substrate that has a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.02. The structure uses coaxial feeding mechanism [8] that has several inherent advantages. The design was analysed in terms of reflection coefficient, bandwidth, radiation pattern, gain, directivity and VSWR. 4. Results And Discussion 4.1. Reflection Coefficient and Bandwidth The figure 5 below shows that the proposed antenna has 3 different centre frequencies including 3.12 GHz, 15.18 GHz and 24.04 GHz with reflection coefficients [9] of -12.8 dB, -21 dB and -10.6 dB respectively The obtained bandwidths [10] include 36 MHz, 4.9 GHz and 710 MHz respectively.
T. Shanmuganantham, et.al.,/Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 10738–10746
10743
Fig.5. Reflection Coefficient(dB) versus Frequency
4.2. Radiation Pattern The figures 6-8 depict the overall radiation pattern [11], radiation pattern in azimuthal plane and that in elevation plane.
Fig. 6.Overall Radiation Pattern
Fig. 7.Gain Phi Pattern
Fig. 8 Gain Theta plot
10744
T. Shanmuganantham, et.al.,/ Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 10738–10746
In the above three polar plots, red curve corresponds to 3.12 GHz, purple corresponds to 15.18 GHz and blue corresponds to 24.04 GHz. 4.2. Gain The following rectangular plot shows the gain [12] variations of the proposed prototype at the three centre frequencies with angle. The color of the curves correspond to that in b.
Fig. 9 Gain(dB) versus Theta
The maximum gain achieved at 3.12 GHz is 6.1 dBi, that at 15.18 GHz is 17.1 dBi and that at 24.04 GHz is 16.2 dBi. 4.3. Directivity The following figure shows the directivity [13] plot for the proposed antenna structure.
Fig. 10. Directivity of the proposed antenna
As shown in Fig. 10, directivity has a minimum value of 2 dB at 15.18 GHz and a maximum value of 8.7 dB at 24.05 GHz. 4.4.VSWR The Fig. 11 shows that VSWR [14] at 3.12 GHz is 1.6, 1.2 at 15.17 GHz and 1.8 at 24.04.
T. Shanmuganantham, et.al.,/Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 10738–10746
10745
Fig. 11 VSWR versus Frequency
The table 2 provides a comparison of different works. Table 2. Comparison of Different works Parameters
Rectangular
Circular
Proposed
Number of Bands
Single
Single
Triple
Reflection Coefficient (dB)
-21.3
-18.3
-12.8 (f1) -21(f2) -10.6 (f3)
VSWR
1.18
1.27
1.6 (f1) 1.2 (f2) 1.8 (f3)
Bandwidth (MHz)
453
488
36 (f1) 4900(f2) 710 (f3)
Gain (dBi)
7.7
7.52
6.1 (f1) 17.1 (f2) 16.2 (f3)
5. Conclusion Microstrip slotted caterpillar patch antenna using FR4 epoxy substrate and coaxial feeding mechanism was designed & significant results listed in table 2 were observed. The different obtained bands can be utilized for S, Ku and K band applications.
10746
T. Shanmuganantham, et.al.,/ Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 10738–10746
References [1] Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham, A Vinayak Slotted Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Design for C-Band Applications, John Wiley-Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 59(8), pp. 1833-1837, August, 2017. (Indexed by SCI). [2] Houda Werfelli, Khaoula Tayari,Mondher Chaoui, Mongi Lahiani, Hamadi Ghariani, Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna, 2nd International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Signaland Image Processing - ATSIP'2016March 21-24, 2016, Monastir, Tunisia. [3] Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham, Design and Optimization of Microstrip Patch Antenna for space applications, IEEE International Conference on Emerging Trends in Technology (ICETT), Kollam, India, 2016. [4] Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham, Danger Microstrip Patch Antenna for Fixed Satellite Applications, IEEE International Conference on Emerging Trends in Technology (ICETT), Kollam, India, 2016. [5] Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham, Mono Band Microstrip Slotted Power Button Antenna for Aviation Communication, Indian Journal of Innovations and Development, 5(11), pp.1-6, November 2016. [6] Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham, Triple Band Microstrip Delete Patch Antenna for Satellite Related Applications”, Indian Journal of Innovations and Development,5(12), pp.1-5, December 2016. [7] Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham, Hex Band Microstrip Envelope Patch Antenna for Multiple Applications, Indian Journal of Innovations and Development, 5(11), pp.1-5, November 2016. [8] Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham, Butterfly Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna with Probe Feed for Space Applications, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS), vol.14, Special Issue, pp.56-60, October 2016 ISSN: 1947-5500. [9] Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham, Single Band High Gain Microstrip Shivling Patch Antenna for Aviation Communication, Indian Journal of Innovations and Development, 5(11), pp.1-6, November 2016. [10] T. Shanmuganantham, Deepanshu Kaushal, Design of Dual Band Microstrip Key Patch Antenna for Aeronautical Mobile and Broadcasting Applications, IEEE International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, Communication and Computational Technologies (ICCICCT), Kanyakumari, India, 2016. [11] T. Shanmuganantham, Deepanshu Kaushal, Dual Band Microstrip Caution Patch Antenna for Space Applications, IEEE International Conference on Computer, Communication and Signal Processing (ICCCSP), Chennai, India, 2017. [12] Ansal KA, T.Shanmuganantham, Planar ACS Fed Dual Band Antenna with DGS for Wireless Applications, International Journal of Antennas (IJA), vol.1, no.1, pp.85-97, 2015 (Indexed by Scopus) [13]S. Ashok Kumar, T. Shanmuganantham, J.Navin Sankar, Design and Development of Implantable CPW fed Monopole L- Slot Antenna at 2.45 GHz ISM Band for Biomedical Applications, International Journal for RF Technologies: Research and Applications, vol.7, August 2016. (Indexed by SCI) [14] M. T. Islam, Mengu Cho, M. Samsuzzaman, and S. Kibria , Compact Antenna for Small Satellite Applications”, IEEE Antennas & Propagation Magazine, vol. 57, No.2 April,2015.
ScienceDirect Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 10738–10746
www.materialstoday.com/proceedings
ILAFM2016
Microstrip Slotted Caterpillar Patch Antenna for S, Ku and K-Band Applications Deepanshu Kaushala, T. Shanmugananthamb b
a PG Student, Department of Electronics Engineering, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry,605014, India Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics Engineering, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry,605014, India
Abstract This paper brings out the designed innovative structure and the characterized results of a triple band microstrip slotted caterpillar patch antenna with the patch structure bearing a resemblance close to caterpillar. The structure utilizes a FR4 epoxy substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4, dielectric loss tangent of 0.002 and having dimensions 9 mm x 17 mm x 1.6 mm. The use of probe feeding mechanism is on account of numerous offered advantages. The simulation software used is HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator). The structure is found to have respective center frequencies of 3.12 GHz, 15.18 GHz and 24.04 GHz which have respective reflection coefficients of -12.8 dB, -21 dB and -10.6 dB and offer a maximum gain of 6.2 dBi, 17.1 dBi and 16.2 dBi respectively. The bandwidths attained at these center frequencies are 36 MHz, 4.9 GHz and 710 MHz respectively. While the 36 MHz band covering 3.12 GHz may be used for radio location, earth exploration satellites (active) and space research (active); the band covering 15.18 GHz can be used for fixed mobile and space research and the one covering 24.04 GHz may be used for amateur satellite.
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and/or Peer-review under responsibility of Second International Conference on Large Area Flexible
Microelectronics (ILAFM 2016): Wearable Electronics, December 20th–22nd, 2016. Keywords:slotted caterpillar patch; earth exploration satellites;space research; amateur satellites.
* Corresponding author. T. Shanmuganantham E-mail address: [email protected]
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and/or Peer-review under responsibility of Second International Conference on Large Area Flexible Microelectronics (ILAFM 2016): Wearable Electronics, December 20th–22nd, 2016.
T. Shanmuganantham, et.al.,/Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 10738–10746
10739
1. Introduction Radio location that branches out of radio determination is the active process of tracing the location of something using radio waves. It is generally used in radars as well as detecting buried cables, water mains, and other public utilities. The private land mobile systems provide wireless communication service for terrestrial users in vehicles or on foot. Similarly, the amateur satellites are used for non-commercial exchange of messages, wireless experimentation, self- training, private recreation, radio sport, contesting, and emergency communication. In addition to these, several other applications including earth exploration satellites and space research have been allocated specified ranges in almost all the bands. The microstrip patch antennas utilizing a dielectric layer (substrate) that separates radiating patch and a ground plane on its either sides provide all the listed applications and still others owing to their light weight, low profile structure, reduced cost, conformability to non- planar structures [1].
Fig.1. Microstrip Patch Antenna
This literature review involved the study of several recent microstrip patch antennas. The rectangular microstrip patch antenna in [2] exhibits a peak gain of 3.5 dBi with a return loss of -30 dB. In [3], Deepanshu Kaushal proposed a three stage optimized microstrip swastika patch antenna. The final variant offers a reflection coefficient of -16.2 dB with a peak gain of 7.4 dBi. In [4], Deepanshu Kaushal designed a danger patch antenna for fixed satellite applications. The design offered a reflection coefficient of -10.3 dB with a peak gain of 4.9 dBi. In yet another work in [5], Deepanshu Kaushal has designed mono band slotted power button patch antenna for aviation communication that would offer a maximum gain of 4.5 dBi with a reflection coefficient of -12.7 dB. The triple band microstrip delete patch antenna designed in [6] could offer the most significant gain of 7.7 dBi and a bandwidth of 210 MHz. The proposed slotted caterpillar design offers a triple band resonance at 3.12 GHz, 15.18 GHz and 24.01 GHz with the offered respective reflection coefficients being -12.8 dB, -21 dB and -10.6 dB and the maximum achieved gain being 6.2 dBi, 17.1 dBi and 16.2 dBi respectively. The bandwidths attained include 36 MHz, 4.9 GHz and 710 MHz. The design is intended for multiband operation and offers quite significant characteristics over the reviewed literatures. The use of coaxial/probe feeding technique offers the much required flexibility in the choice of feed location, simple fabrication, easy matching and less spurious radiations. The section 2 opens up with a discussion on antenna geometry and its specifications. This is followed by parametric analysis in section 3. A discussion on the main results including reflection coefficient, bandwidth, radiation pattern, gain, directivity and VSWR is carried in section 4. References have been added at the end of conclusion.
10740
T. Shanmuganantham, et.al.,/ Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 10738–10746
2. Geometry of The Proposed Antenna and Its Specifications The design idea for the proposed antenna has been taken from the following figure available on google images as shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Caterpillar Clip Art
The Fig.3 displays the work plan for the proposed slotted caterpillar patch antenna.
Fig. 3. Flowchart for the proposed work
The geometry of the proposed antenna based on this flowchart is shown in Fig.4.
T. Shanmuganantham, et.al.,/Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 10738–10746
10741
Fig.4. Geometry of the proposed antenna
The proposed antenna geometry has been formed by linear combination of circular slots of appropriate radius in the rectangular patch. Further, slots are made to represent the eyes and lips. The protruding’s over the head have been formed by linear combination of circular and rectangular slots. Also, the rectangular slots at the bottom are meant to represent legs. The following table lists the specifications of the proposed antenna design. Table 1. Antenna Specifications(mm). Dimension
Value (mm)
L
9
W
17
L1
11
The basic steps for the development of rectangular patch antenna (RPA) include [7]: Step 1: Calculating the thickness of the dielectric medium using this equation:
h 0.3
c 2
f
(1)
r
r
Step 2: Calculating the width of the radiating patch using:
c w 2 f
r
1 2
r
(2)
10742
T. Shanmuganantham, et.al.,/ Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 10738–10746
Step 3: The length of metallic patch is calculated as under:
L
c 2
f r
2l (3) reff
where c: velocity of light=3*108m/s εr:dielectric constant of the substrate. fr: resonant frequency of antenna
reff
1 1 r r 2 2
12h 1 (4) w
Step 4: Extension length of the radiating patch is computed with this equation:
0.03 w 0.264h Δl .412h εreff (5) w .8h .258 εreff 3. Parametric Study The proposed antenna was developed over a 9 mm x 17 mm x 1.6 mm FR4 epoxy substrate that has a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.02. The structure uses coaxial feeding mechanism [8] that has several inherent advantages. The design was analysed in terms of reflection coefficient, bandwidth, radiation pattern, gain, directivity and VSWR. 4. Results And Discussion 4.1. Reflection Coefficient and Bandwidth The figure 5 below shows that the proposed antenna has 3 different centre frequencies including 3.12 GHz, 15.18 GHz and 24.04 GHz with reflection coefficients [9] of -12.8 dB, -21 dB and -10.6 dB respectively The obtained bandwidths [10] include 36 MHz, 4.9 GHz and 710 MHz respectively.
T. Shanmuganantham, et.al.,/Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 10738–10746
10743
Fig.5. Reflection Coefficient(dB) versus Frequency
4.2. Radiation Pattern The figures 6-8 depict the overall radiation pattern [11], radiation pattern in azimuthal plane and that in elevation plane.
Fig. 6.Overall Radiation Pattern
Fig. 7.Gain Phi Pattern
Fig. 8 Gain Theta plot
10744
T. Shanmuganantham, et.al.,/ Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 10738–10746
In the above three polar plots, red curve corresponds to 3.12 GHz, purple corresponds to 15.18 GHz and blue corresponds to 24.04 GHz. 4.2. Gain The following rectangular plot shows the gain [12] variations of the proposed prototype at the three centre frequencies with angle. The color of the curves correspond to that in b.
Fig. 9 Gain(dB) versus Theta
The maximum gain achieved at 3.12 GHz is 6.1 dBi, that at 15.18 GHz is 17.1 dBi and that at 24.04 GHz is 16.2 dBi. 4.3. Directivity The following figure shows the directivity [13] plot for the proposed antenna structure.
Fig. 10. Directivity of the proposed antenna
As shown in Fig. 10, directivity has a minimum value of 2 dB at 15.18 GHz and a maximum value of 8.7 dB at 24.05 GHz. 4.4.VSWR The Fig. 11 shows that VSWR [14] at 3.12 GHz is 1.6, 1.2 at 15.17 GHz and 1.8 at 24.04.
T. Shanmuganantham, et.al.,/Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 10738–10746
10745
Fig. 11 VSWR versus Frequency
The table 2 provides a comparison of different works. Table 2. Comparison of Different works Parameters
Rectangular
Circular
Proposed
Number of Bands
Single
Single
Triple
Reflection Coefficient (dB)
-21.3
-18.3
-12.8 (f1) -21(f2) -10.6 (f3)
VSWR
1.18
1.27
1.6 (f1) 1.2 (f2) 1.8 (f3)
Bandwidth (MHz)
453
488
36 (f1) 4900(f2) 710 (f3)
Gain (dBi)
7.7
7.52
6.1 (f1) 17.1 (f2) 16.2 (f3)
5. Conclusion Microstrip slotted caterpillar patch antenna using FR4 epoxy substrate and coaxial feeding mechanism was designed & significant results listed in table 2 were observed. The different obtained bands can be utilized for S, Ku and K band applications.
10746
T. Shanmuganantham, et.al.,/ Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (2018) 10738–10746
References [1] Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham, A Vinayak Slotted Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Design for C-Band Applications, John Wiley-Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 59(8), pp. 1833-1837, August, 2017. (Indexed by SCI). [2] Houda Werfelli, Khaoula Tayari,Mondher Chaoui, Mongi Lahiani, Hamadi Ghariani, Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna, 2nd International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Signaland Image Processing - ATSIP'2016March 21-24, 2016, Monastir, Tunisia. [3] Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham, Design and Optimization of Microstrip Patch Antenna for space applications, IEEE International Conference on Emerging Trends in Technology (ICETT), Kollam, India, 2016. [4] Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham, Danger Microstrip Patch Antenna for Fixed Satellite Applications, IEEE International Conference on Emerging Trends in Technology (ICETT), Kollam, India, 2016. [5] Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham, Mono Band Microstrip Slotted Power Button Antenna for Aviation Communication, Indian Journal of Innovations and Development, 5(11), pp.1-6, November 2016. [6] Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham, Triple Band Microstrip Delete Patch Antenna for Satellite Related Applications”, Indian Journal of Innovations and Development,5(12), pp.1-5, December 2016. [7] Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham, Hex Band Microstrip Envelope Patch Antenna for Multiple Applications, Indian Journal of Innovations and Development, 5(11), pp.1-5, November 2016. [8] Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham, Butterfly Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna with Probe Feed for Space Applications, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS), vol.14, Special Issue, pp.56-60, October 2016 ISSN: 1947-5500. [9] Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham, Single Band High Gain Microstrip Shivling Patch Antenna for Aviation Communication, Indian Journal of Innovations and Development, 5(11), pp.1-6, November 2016. [10] T. Shanmuganantham, Deepanshu Kaushal, Design of Dual Band Microstrip Key Patch Antenna for Aeronautical Mobile and Broadcasting Applications, IEEE International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, Communication and Computational Technologies (ICCICCT), Kanyakumari, India, 2016. [11] T. Shanmuganantham, Deepanshu Kaushal, Dual Band Microstrip Caution Patch Antenna for Space Applications, IEEE International Conference on Computer, Communication and Signal Processing (ICCCSP), Chennai, India, 2017. [12] Ansal KA, T.Shanmuganantham, Planar ACS Fed Dual Band Antenna with DGS for Wireless Applications, International Journal of Antennas (IJA), vol.1, no.1, pp.85-97, 2015 (Indexed by Scopus) [13]S. Ashok Kumar, T. Shanmuganantham, J.Navin Sankar, Design and Development of Implantable CPW fed Monopole L- Slot Antenna at 2.45 GHz ISM Band for Biomedical Applications, International Journal for RF Technologies: Research and Applications, vol.7, August 2016. (Indexed by SCI) [14] M. T. Islam, Mengu Cho, M. Samsuzzaman, and S. Kibria , Compact Antenna for Small Satellite Applications”, IEEE Antennas & Propagation Magazine, vol. 57, No.2 April,2015.