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New concept in drilling technology: the DBH 1500 computer-assisted drilling rig
244A 876231 Development of the automatic G O - ~ drill England, R; Kelly, J Proc 2nd International Conference on Innoratire Alining Systems, Pennsylvania, 27-29 October 1986 P31-35. Pub/ Pennsyh,ania. Pennsylvania State r~'.~.iversitv. /986
Rock Break e Excavation Drilling See also." 876137
876227 Steady pore pressure profiles surrounding an advancing well bore Atkinson, C Int J Engng Sci V25, N5, 1987, P511-530 The steady pore pressure distribution ahead of an advancing uncased well bore is calculated for a range of penetration rates and rock permeabilities. The bore is assumed axially symmetric. Both numerical and analytical techniques are used to calculate the pressure profile and to derive useful approximations.
876228 PC program calculates well bore trajectory Robinson, S W; Bizanti, M S Oil Gas J 1/85, N28, 13 June 1987, P81-84 A computer program to calculate wellbore trajectory is described which employs the three most widely used solutions, tangential, angle-averaging,and radius of curvature. The relative accuracy of each can be easily determined. True vertical depth, north or south departure, east or west departure, total departure, departure angle, and dogleg severity can be calculated from logged data.
876229 Mea~rement of drilling properties Gault, A D SPE Drilling F.ngng V2, N2, June 1987, P143-148 Rock-bit performance is here related to formation strength. Bingharn mathematical models and steel-tooth rock bits are used in a procedure to optimise rates of penetration (ROPs) and to extend bit life. The ability to distinguish elastic formations from plastic formations has been used to introduce polycrystalline-diamond-composite (PDC) bits in the Gulf of Mexico, where shale is the predominant formation. The validity of the mathematical models has been confirmed on long, homogeneous shale sections, and the models have also been expanded to include soft-formation insert bits.
876230 Rotary blast hole drills: a comparison Humphrey, J D Proc Large Open Pit M i M q Coufcremee, Newman, October 1986 P109-112, Publ Parkville: Aus IMM, 1986 An economic comparison is made between the use of oneilarge (270ram) or two small (170ram) drills in open pit mining. Both capital costs and operating costs (drilling, explosives, labour) are included, but cost effectiveness of b l o t design is ommitted. Despite higher capital costs, the larger drill soon reaches a return on investment.
A program to develop an aw,omated in-the-hole drill, to increase accuracy and decrease capital, machine running, and labour costs, is described. Computer control was added to an existing drill to improve accuracy by controlling the angle of the hole by maintaining the orientation of the drill head, and to optimise straightness by maintaining constant force on the drill bit. A rod handling mechanism has also been developed. 876232 Improved drilling performance with hydraulic top-hammer trackdrills Hytti, P Proc Drillex 87, Stoneleigh, 7-10 April 1987 P65-73. Publ London." IMM, 1987 Top hammer (drifter) drilling has traditionally been used mainly for small diameter holes in quarrying or construction work. Improvements in drill steels, the use of tube rods to improve flushing, and the use of guide rods to improve the accuracy in straight hole drilling have improved the performance of top hammer drilling in terms of fuel and labour savings, steel economy and mechanisation. This technique is now finding applications in areas where rotary or down-the,hole drilling were formerly used. 876233 Deviation drilling without wedges Kaspersen, P; Oden, A Proc Drillex 87, Stoneleigh, 7-10 April 1987 P75-82. Publ London: IMM, 1987 Continued exploration of the sulphide orebodies at Sulitjelma, Norway, requires deeper and deeper boreh01es. Unacceptable deviation of boreholes can prove extremely costly and attempts to control deviation with wedges have not always proved successful. The purpose designed Devibor drill rig,which is computer controlled, has K e n employed to overcome natural deviations and usefully alter borehole orientation as required. 876234 Recent development of down-the-hole drilling techniques in Chinese mines Lai Haihui; Cao Yinan; Ding Zhenkun; Liu Xingeng Proe Dritlex 87, Stoneteigh, 7.10 April 1987 P83-88. Publ London: IMM, 1987 History of down-the-hole (DTH) drilling in China is briefly summarised. Three recent developments in this technique are described: a high air pressure DTH drill for underground drilling; a high air pressure DTH drill for presplitting b ~ t holes at pit faces; and a DTH drill for Ion~oie dritling or raising. Details are given of the drill figs, a~itlary machinery, drill bits, and penetration rates achieved.
876235 New concept in drilling technology: the DBH 1500 computerassisted drilling rig Leroy, M; Vandervost, S Proc Drillex 87, Stoa~leigh, 7-10 April 1987 P89-94. Publ London: IMM, 1987 The first computer controlled electro hydraulic deep drilling rig is presentedl After describing the hydraulics and electronics, some possible future developments are considered. These
© 1987 Pergamon Journals Ltd. Reproduction not permitted
245A include preprogramming for repetitive operations or limiting conditions, and automatic and continuous logging of drilling parameters. 876236 State of exploration drilling and its development in the People's Republic of China Liu Chiwei; Lin Jianqiu Proc Drillex 87, Stoneleigh, 7-10 April 1987 P95-I02. Publ London: IMM, 1987 The current state-of-the-art in diamond and hydraulic core drilling, downhole drilling, wireline drilling, directional drilling, non-core drilling, and place drilling and sampling is briefly reviewed. Areas where further development is being undertaken are discussed.
Blasting See also: 876145, 876323, 876409 876237 Accurate non-electric blasting offers odd-ball time delays Chironis, N P Coal Age 1/92, N4. April 1987, P34-36 A non-electric detonation system is described, which uses hollow plastic tubing with an inner coating of reactive materials which acts as the propagation medium for a flaming gas front (Low Velocity Signal Transmission Line, LVST). This is capable of extremely accurate delay timing. Complex blast delay patterns of timed delay shots have been developed, which use shorter time intervals than are customary and result in a high frequency shock wave which is more desirable near surface structures.
876238 Design and excavation of stable slopes in hard rock, with particular reference to presplit blasting Matheson, G D In: Rock Engineering and Excavation in an Urban Environment (papers to the conference, Hong Kong, 24-27 February 1986) P271-283. Publ London." IMM, 1986 Excavations in hard rocks should be designed to minimise both natural and induced instabilities. The causes of instabilities, data acquisition, and interpretation using stereographic projections are described. Slope design and blasting for excavations are discussed, with particular emphasis on presplitting. The theory and practical aspects are presented, including drilling, explosives, charging, and detonation. Limitations imposed by urban environments are considered. 876239 Urban quarries in Sao Paulo City: operation, development, control and regulations Midea, N F In: Rock Engineering and Excavation in an Urban Environment (papers to the conference, Hong Kong, 24-27
February 1986) P299-308. Publ London: IMM, 1986 As the population of Sao Paulo has increased, problems associated with quarrying inside city areas have multiplied. Economic, sociopolitical, and technical aspects are examined. Hazards from flyrock, ground vibration, and air shock are evaluated, with reference made to damage associated with one working quarry. Legal and control measures are discussed.
876240 Improved blast pattern design on Mt Whaleback based on the Piibara Iron Ore Classification (PIOC) Bellairs, P G Proc Large Open Pit Mining Conference, Newman, October 1986 P61-71. Publ Parkville: "Aus IMM. 1986 HaMan and Harris (1979) suggested that rock properties influence blasting results more than explosive properties. Using the same explosive and blasthole diameter, blasthole burden, spacing, stemming, and subdepth lengths, are determined according to rock properties. Using this premise, stratigraphic details, and the Pilbara Iron Ore Classification, based on physical hardness, mineralogy and genetic characteristics of the ore, blasting patterns for overburden and iron ore have been optimised at the Mt Whaleback mine, Australia. 876241 Optimising blasting operations through rock characterisation and computer modelling-processes in Australia Hyde, L J; Favreau, R F Proc Large Open Pit Mining Conference, Newman, October 1986 P73-88. Publ Parkville: Aus IMM, 1986 The computer blast simulator BLASPA and its various applications are described. Blast results can be predicted given details of explosive properties and distribution, rock type and properties, hole size, burden, spacing, collar, and subdrill. The simulator outputs numerical estimations of fragmentation and muckpile results. The validity of the simulator is confirmed by comparisons of predicted and field results. BLASPA can be used to improve blast design by predicting stress levels and consequent breakage in the rock mass. 876242 Empirical method of assessing rock mass blastability Lilly, P A Proc Large Open Pit Mining Conference, Newman, October 1986 P89-92. Publ Parkville: Aus IMM, 1986 A blastability index has been developed, based on five easily measured parameters: rock mass description (friable, blocky, massive) joint plane spacing; joint plane orientation; specific gravity influence; and hardness. Application of the index for use in specific charge determination and fragmentation modelling is discussed. 876243 Blasthole density logging as an aid to blast pattern design Bellairs, P G; Sheppard, I; Bulters, J Proc Large Open Pit Mining Conference, Newman, October 1986 P93-97. Publ Parkville: Aus IMM, 1986 Density logging using a gamma-ray probe was carried out at the Mt Whaleback iron ore mine, Australia. Different density ranges were observed for shale overburden and for soft to medium hard and hard banded iron formations. Lower densities were found in front row blastholes and in the top 6m of most blastholes, due to damage from previous firings. Density results were used to implement savings in blasting costs in terms of expanded hole patterns and charge reduction. 876244 Kinematic model for the prediction of fragment trajectories and muckpile shape during bench blasting Yang Rui Lin; Kavetsky, A P; Lilly, P A Proc Large Open Pit Mining Conference, Newman, October 1986 Pl17-122. Publ Parkville: Aus IMM, 1986 Muckpile shape and displacement levels affect shovel productivity, blast damage and grade control, and contribute to the efficiency of the mining process. A kinematic blast model is
© 1987 Pergamon Journals Ltd. Reproduction not permitted RM MS
24~--~
Rock Break e Excavation Drilling See also." 876137
876227 Steady pore pressure profiles surrounding an advancing well bore Atkinson, C Int J Engng Sci V25, N5, 1987, P511-530 The steady pore pressure distribution ahead of an advancing uncased well bore is calculated for a range of penetration rates and rock permeabilities. The bore is assumed axially symmetric. Both numerical and analytical techniques are used to calculate the pressure profile and to derive useful approximations.
876228 PC program calculates well bore trajectory Robinson, S W; Bizanti, M S Oil Gas J 1/85, N28, 13 June 1987, P81-84 A computer program to calculate wellbore trajectory is described which employs the three most widely used solutions, tangential, angle-averaging,and radius of curvature. The relative accuracy of each can be easily determined. True vertical depth, north or south departure, east or west departure, total departure, departure angle, and dogleg severity can be calculated from logged data.
876229 Mea~rement of drilling properties Gault, A D SPE Drilling F.ngng V2, N2, June 1987, P143-148 Rock-bit performance is here related to formation strength. Bingharn mathematical models and steel-tooth rock bits are used in a procedure to optimise rates of penetration (ROPs) and to extend bit life. The ability to distinguish elastic formations from plastic formations has been used to introduce polycrystalline-diamond-composite (PDC) bits in the Gulf of Mexico, where shale is the predominant formation. The validity of the mathematical models has been confirmed on long, homogeneous shale sections, and the models have also been expanded to include soft-formation insert bits.
876230 Rotary blast hole drills: a comparison Humphrey, J D Proc Large Open Pit M i M q Coufcremee, Newman, October 1986 P109-112, Publ Parkville: Aus IMM, 1986 An economic comparison is made between the use of oneilarge (270ram) or two small (170ram) drills in open pit mining. Both capital costs and operating costs (drilling, explosives, labour) are included, but cost effectiveness of b l o t design is ommitted. Despite higher capital costs, the larger drill soon reaches a return on investment.
A program to develop an aw,omated in-the-hole drill, to increase accuracy and decrease capital, machine running, and labour costs, is described. Computer control was added to an existing drill to improve accuracy by controlling the angle of the hole by maintaining the orientation of the drill head, and to optimise straightness by maintaining constant force on the drill bit. A rod handling mechanism has also been developed. 876232 Improved drilling performance with hydraulic top-hammer trackdrills Hytti, P Proc Drillex 87, Stoneleigh, 7-10 April 1987 P65-73. Publ London." IMM, 1987 Top hammer (drifter) drilling has traditionally been used mainly for small diameter holes in quarrying or construction work. Improvements in drill steels, the use of tube rods to improve flushing, and the use of guide rods to improve the accuracy in straight hole drilling have improved the performance of top hammer drilling in terms of fuel and labour savings, steel economy and mechanisation. This technique is now finding applications in areas where rotary or down-the,hole drilling were formerly used. 876233 Deviation drilling without wedges Kaspersen, P; Oden, A Proc Drillex 87, Stoneleigh, 7-10 April 1987 P75-82. Publ London: IMM, 1987 Continued exploration of the sulphide orebodies at Sulitjelma, Norway, requires deeper and deeper boreh01es. Unacceptable deviation of boreholes can prove extremely costly and attempts to control deviation with wedges have not always proved successful. The purpose designed Devibor drill rig,which is computer controlled, has K e n employed to overcome natural deviations and usefully alter borehole orientation as required. 876234 Recent development of down-the-hole drilling techniques in Chinese mines Lai Haihui; Cao Yinan; Ding Zhenkun; Liu Xingeng Proe Dritlex 87, Stoneteigh, 7.10 April 1987 P83-88. Publ London: IMM, 1987 History of down-the-hole (DTH) drilling in China is briefly summarised. Three recent developments in this technique are described: a high air pressure DTH drill for underground drilling; a high air pressure DTH drill for presplitting b ~ t holes at pit faces; and a DTH drill for Ion~oie dritling or raising. Details are given of the drill figs, a~itlary machinery, drill bits, and penetration rates achieved.
876235 New concept in drilling technology: the DBH 1500 computerassisted drilling rig Leroy, M; Vandervost, S Proc Drillex 87, Stoa~leigh, 7-10 April 1987 P89-94. Publ London: IMM, 1987 The first computer controlled electro hydraulic deep drilling rig is presentedl After describing the hydraulics and electronics, some possible future developments are considered. These
© 1987 Pergamon Journals Ltd. Reproduction not permitted
245A include preprogramming for repetitive operations or limiting conditions, and automatic and continuous logging of drilling parameters. 876236 State of exploration drilling and its development in the People's Republic of China Liu Chiwei; Lin Jianqiu Proc Drillex 87, Stoneleigh, 7-10 April 1987 P95-I02. Publ London: IMM, 1987 The current state-of-the-art in diamond and hydraulic core drilling, downhole drilling, wireline drilling, directional drilling, non-core drilling, and place drilling and sampling is briefly reviewed. Areas where further development is being undertaken are discussed.
Blasting See also: 876145, 876323, 876409 876237 Accurate non-electric blasting offers odd-ball time delays Chironis, N P Coal Age 1/92, N4. April 1987, P34-36 A non-electric detonation system is described, which uses hollow plastic tubing with an inner coating of reactive materials which acts as the propagation medium for a flaming gas front (Low Velocity Signal Transmission Line, LVST). This is capable of extremely accurate delay timing. Complex blast delay patterns of timed delay shots have been developed, which use shorter time intervals than are customary and result in a high frequency shock wave which is more desirable near surface structures.
876238 Design and excavation of stable slopes in hard rock, with particular reference to presplit blasting Matheson, G D In: Rock Engineering and Excavation in an Urban Environment (papers to the conference, Hong Kong, 24-27 February 1986) P271-283. Publ London." IMM, 1986 Excavations in hard rocks should be designed to minimise both natural and induced instabilities. The causes of instabilities, data acquisition, and interpretation using stereographic projections are described. Slope design and blasting for excavations are discussed, with particular emphasis on presplitting. The theory and practical aspects are presented, including drilling, explosives, charging, and detonation. Limitations imposed by urban environments are considered. 876239 Urban quarries in Sao Paulo City: operation, development, control and regulations Midea, N F In: Rock Engineering and Excavation in an Urban Environment (papers to the conference, Hong Kong, 24-27
February 1986) P299-308. Publ London: IMM, 1986 As the population of Sao Paulo has increased, problems associated with quarrying inside city areas have multiplied. Economic, sociopolitical, and technical aspects are examined. Hazards from flyrock, ground vibration, and air shock are evaluated, with reference made to damage associated with one working quarry. Legal and control measures are discussed.
876240 Improved blast pattern design on Mt Whaleback based on the Piibara Iron Ore Classification (PIOC) Bellairs, P G Proc Large Open Pit Mining Conference, Newman, October 1986 P61-71. Publ Parkville: "Aus IMM. 1986 HaMan and Harris (1979) suggested that rock properties influence blasting results more than explosive properties. Using the same explosive and blasthole diameter, blasthole burden, spacing, stemming, and subdepth lengths, are determined according to rock properties. Using this premise, stratigraphic details, and the Pilbara Iron Ore Classification, based on physical hardness, mineralogy and genetic characteristics of the ore, blasting patterns for overburden and iron ore have been optimised at the Mt Whaleback mine, Australia. 876241 Optimising blasting operations through rock characterisation and computer modelling-processes in Australia Hyde, L J; Favreau, R F Proc Large Open Pit Mining Conference, Newman, October 1986 P73-88. Publ Parkville: Aus IMM, 1986 The computer blast simulator BLASPA and its various applications are described. Blast results can be predicted given details of explosive properties and distribution, rock type and properties, hole size, burden, spacing, collar, and subdrill. The simulator outputs numerical estimations of fragmentation and muckpile results. The validity of the simulator is confirmed by comparisons of predicted and field results. BLASPA can be used to improve blast design by predicting stress levels and consequent breakage in the rock mass. 876242 Empirical method of assessing rock mass blastability Lilly, P A Proc Large Open Pit Mining Conference, Newman, October 1986 P89-92. Publ Parkville: Aus IMM, 1986 A blastability index has been developed, based on five easily measured parameters: rock mass description (friable, blocky, massive) joint plane spacing; joint plane orientation; specific gravity influence; and hardness. Application of the index for use in specific charge determination and fragmentation modelling is discussed. 876243 Blasthole density logging as an aid to blast pattern design Bellairs, P G; Sheppard, I; Bulters, J Proc Large Open Pit Mining Conference, Newman, October 1986 P93-97. Publ Parkville: Aus IMM, 1986 Density logging using a gamma-ray probe was carried out at the Mt Whaleback iron ore mine, Australia. Different density ranges were observed for shale overburden and for soft to medium hard and hard banded iron formations. Lower densities were found in front row blastholes and in the top 6m of most blastholes, due to damage from previous firings. Density results were used to implement savings in blasting costs in terms of expanded hole patterns and charge reduction. 876244 Kinematic model for the prediction of fragment trajectories and muckpile shape during bench blasting Yang Rui Lin; Kavetsky, A P; Lilly, P A Proc Large Open Pit Mining Conference, Newman, October 1986 Pl17-122. Publ Parkville: Aus IMM, 1986 Muckpile shape and displacement levels affect shovel productivity, blast damage and grade control, and contribute to the efficiency of the mining process. A kinematic blast model is
© 1987 Pergamon Journals Ltd. Reproduction not permitted RM MS
24~--~