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Portable ultrasonic therapeutic equipment UTP-IP
B., et al. Ultrasonics: An aid to metal forming. Metal Progress, 85, No. 4, p. 97 (1964) In addition to its better known applications ultrasonics can also be used for grain reGning in castings during solidification and to aid the forming and drawing of metals. The reason for this is that high intensity ultrasound reduces the strength of metals analogously to a rise in temperature. Sound energy is absorbed preferentially at lattice defects and grain boundaries, which aids the plastic deformation. Power requirements can be reduced by 50% and deformation of metals doubled by using only a few tenths of a watt per square centimetre and the system can produce formings that are impossible by other methods. Theories to account for this effect remain to be formulated, but roughly speaking, frequencies between 20 kc/s and 100 kc/s and powers of up to 100 W/cm2 will be found useful. (6 figures) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 243) LANGENBCKER,
B. I., and DE~~V, G. E. Portable ultrasonic therapeutic equipment UTP-IP. Medicinskaya Promishlennost’, 18, No. 2, p. 46 (1964) Barium titanate is more efficient, needs a lower voltage and is more than 20 times cheaper than quartz: with these advantages in mind the authors have developed a new 10 W therapeutic generator working at 820 kc/s up to 2 W/ems calibrated in steps of O-2 W/cm2. Both continuous wave and pulsed methods of operation at 50 pulses per second and pulse lengths of 2 ms, 4 ms and 10 ms are possible. Of special interest is the probe cover made of titanium alloy which apart from protecting the crystal has been found to have good transmission properties. This instrument has been extensively tested by the Central Institute of the Ministry of Health of RSFSR and has been recommended for mass production. (3 figures, 2 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 247) MINCHENKOVA,
NESWALD, LEGGE, P.
drilling of ceramics. Industrial Diamond Review, 24, No. 278, p. 20 (1964) A diamond impregnated tool bit has been developed to drill deep holes (2 in without withdrawing the probe) to close tolerances and close proximity to the edge in uranium oxide and carbide. A commercially available ultrasonic drill has been modified and equipped with positioning devices and a hydraulic feed unit. Constant and in places controlled feed is essential to achieve the best drilling rate and to minimize fracture and chipping on the break-through. Cutting and slotting is also possible: electroplated diamond impregnated probes have proved successful. (6 figures) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 244) Ultrasonic
LUBIANICKII,
H. D.
installation UM2-2 for cleaning medical instruments. Medicinskaya Promishlennost’, 18, No. 2, 49 (1964) Conventional cleaning of surgical instruments, particularly bloodstained ones, is time wasting and does not give satisfactory results. In contrast ultrasonic methods are rapid and effective, particularly in inaccessible crevices and blind holes or on bloodstained apparatus such as heart/lung machines. The ultrasonic cleaner in this application was a two-tank one working at 22 kc/s and l-6 kW with magnetostrictive transducers. A series of experiments is described that was conducted to determine the best working temperature, cleaning solution and quality inspection procedure. A number of chemical additives are recommended as detergents do not give the best results: optimum working temperature is 55-60°C. (1 figure, 1 table, 5 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 245) ultrasonic
R. G.
Ultrasound in industry. International Science and Technology, No. 26, p. 28 (1964) A comprehensive and humorous (a regrettably rare quality) account of the state of industrial application of ultrasound and the shortcomings of its theoretical understanding.The author, associate editor of the journal, is somewhat pessimistic but certainly thought provoking in the assertion that uses have outstripped theory and measurements, with chaotic results. The plea for greater theoretical effort to match the abilities of the engineers is certainly justified in many instances, particularly in what exactly happens to the wave and its effects on the propagating medium after it leaves its source. “The strain in the main is not on just one plane.” (11 figures and bibliography) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 248) and JONES,J. B. Metals joining in the space age by ultrasonics. Journal of Metals, 16, No. 3, p. 244 (1964) Ultrasonic spot, seam or annular welding can meet the requirements of miniature circuits in the electronics industry as well as on space-age materials. Available equipment ranges from 20 W to 25 kW. Various methods of vibration are illustrated and the metallurgy of ultrasonic welds is discussed. All metals can be welded to themselves or to non-metallic substances and surface contamination, oxides and temperature effects can be disregarded. Ultrasonics has been accepted in mass production operations and the current developments are directed towards automatic assembly equipment where the weld cycle, clamping force and power can be programmed. (2 figures) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 249) NIPPES, E.,
RAMSEY, J. B.
and SHUTILO~, v. A. Absolote measurements of ultrasonic fields in solid bodies. Akusticheski Zhurnal, 10, No. 1, p. 98 (1964) A thin metallic strip deposited onto the reflecting side of a vibrating rod and placed in magnetic field will produce e.m.f. across it that is proportional to the intensity of ultrasound. What could be described as an electrodynamic method of absolute measurement of ultrasonic field in solids has good sensitivity, a wide frequency band and dynamic range and reasonable agreement with theoretical calculations. Pulsed ultrasound was generated in rods 2 cm in diameter and lo-20 cm long, in a magnetic field of 15 kOe at 4-15 MC/S. The authors suggest that this method can be used up to log MC/S. (4 figures, 8 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 246) MIKHAILOV,
1. G.,
Ultnwonic techniques for plastics inspection. British Plastics, 37, No. 2, p. 63 (1964) A survey of non-destructive techniques that can be used to investigate the strength and condition of bonds, measure density or thickness of materials and detect voids or delaminations. Both the transmission and reflection techniques and their scanning and presentation are discussed and a recently developed continuous wave frequencymodulated instrument for the investigation of high-loss materials is mentioned. It operates around 200 kc/s and can reliably be used on up to 3 in of rubber, which is considerably more than is possible with ordinary pulseecho detectors. Some useful Tables and diagrams show the great variety of actual and potential application in the plastics industry. (2 tables, 8 figures) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 250)
UL~SONICs~luly-Seplember
1964
B. I., and DE~~V, G. E. Portable ultrasonic therapeutic equipment UTP-IP. Medicinskaya Promishlennost’, 18, No. 2, p. 46 (1964) Barium titanate is more efficient, needs a lower voltage and is more than 20 times cheaper than quartz: with these advantages in mind the authors have developed a new 10 W therapeutic generator working at 820 kc/s up to 2 W/ems calibrated in steps of O-2 W/cm2. Both continuous wave and pulsed methods of operation at 50 pulses per second and pulse lengths of 2 ms, 4 ms and 10 ms are possible. Of special interest is the probe cover made of titanium alloy which apart from protecting the crystal has been found to have good transmission properties. This instrument has been extensively tested by the Central Institute of the Ministry of Health of RSFSR and has been recommended for mass production. (3 figures, 2 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 247) MINCHENKOVA,
NESWALD, LEGGE, P.
drilling of ceramics. Industrial Diamond Review, 24, No. 278, p. 20 (1964) A diamond impregnated tool bit has been developed to drill deep holes (2 in without withdrawing the probe) to close tolerances and close proximity to the edge in uranium oxide and carbide. A commercially available ultrasonic drill has been modified and equipped with positioning devices and a hydraulic feed unit. Constant and in places controlled feed is essential to achieve the best drilling rate and to minimize fracture and chipping on the break-through. Cutting and slotting is also possible: electroplated diamond impregnated probes have proved successful. (6 figures) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 244) Ultrasonic
LUBIANICKII,
H. D.
installation UM2-2 for cleaning medical instruments. Medicinskaya Promishlennost’, 18, No. 2, 49 (1964) Conventional cleaning of surgical instruments, particularly bloodstained ones, is time wasting and does not give satisfactory results. In contrast ultrasonic methods are rapid and effective, particularly in inaccessible crevices and blind holes or on bloodstained apparatus such as heart/lung machines. The ultrasonic cleaner in this application was a two-tank one working at 22 kc/s and l-6 kW with magnetostrictive transducers. A series of experiments is described that was conducted to determine the best working temperature, cleaning solution and quality inspection procedure. A number of chemical additives are recommended as detergents do not give the best results: optimum working temperature is 55-60°C. (1 figure, 1 table, 5 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 245) ultrasonic
R. G.
Ultrasound in industry. International Science and Technology, No. 26, p. 28 (1964) A comprehensive and humorous (a regrettably rare quality) account of the state of industrial application of ultrasound and the shortcomings of its theoretical understanding.The author, associate editor of the journal, is somewhat pessimistic but certainly thought provoking in the assertion that uses have outstripped theory and measurements, with chaotic results. The plea for greater theoretical effort to match the abilities of the engineers is certainly justified in many instances, particularly in what exactly happens to the wave and its effects on the propagating medium after it leaves its source. “The strain in the main is not on just one plane.” (11 figures and bibliography) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 248) and JONES,J. B. Metals joining in the space age by ultrasonics. Journal of Metals, 16, No. 3, p. 244 (1964) Ultrasonic spot, seam or annular welding can meet the requirements of miniature circuits in the electronics industry as well as on space-age materials. Available equipment ranges from 20 W to 25 kW. Various methods of vibration are illustrated and the metallurgy of ultrasonic welds is discussed. All metals can be welded to themselves or to non-metallic substances and surface contamination, oxides and temperature effects can be disregarded. Ultrasonics has been accepted in mass production operations and the current developments are directed towards automatic assembly equipment where the weld cycle, clamping force and power can be programmed. (2 figures) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 249) NIPPES, E.,
RAMSEY, J. B.
and SHUTILO~, v. A. Absolote measurements of ultrasonic fields in solid bodies. Akusticheski Zhurnal, 10, No. 1, p. 98 (1964) A thin metallic strip deposited onto the reflecting side of a vibrating rod and placed in magnetic field will produce e.m.f. across it that is proportional to the intensity of ultrasound. What could be described as an electrodynamic method of absolute measurement of ultrasonic field in solids has good sensitivity, a wide frequency band and dynamic range and reasonable agreement with theoretical calculations. Pulsed ultrasound was generated in rods 2 cm in diameter and lo-20 cm long, in a magnetic field of 15 kOe at 4-15 MC/S. The authors suggest that this method can be used up to log MC/S. (4 figures, 8 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 246) MIKHAILOV,
1. G.,
Ultnwonic techniques for plastics inspection. British Plastics, 37, No. 2, p. 63 (1964) A survey of non-destructive techniques that can be used to investigate the strength and condition of bonds, measure density or thickness of materials and detect voids or delaminations. Both the transmission and reflection techniques and their scanning and presentation are discussed and a recently developed continuous wave frequencymodulated instrument for the investigation of high-loss materials is mentioned. It operates around 200 kc/s and can reliably be used on up to 3 in of rubber, which is considerably more than is possible with ordinary pulseecho detectors. Some useful Tables and diagrams show the great variety of actual and potential application in the plastics industry. (2 tables, 8 figures) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 250)
UL~SONICs~luly-Seplember
1964