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SCR and hybrid systems for utility boilers: A review of current EPRI-sponsored results
15 Environment (pollution, health protection, safety)
96/03335 Safety-related diagnosis of modern control systems In hoisting plants Stachowitz, W. Glueckauf, 1995, 131, (9), 439-440, 442-445. (In German) Discusses the safety concepts in coal mines. 96/03336 Scenarios for greenhouse warming mitigation Sorensen, B. Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 693-698. Four global scenarios of energy provision are considered, all of which have zero net emissions of greenhouse gases. The scenarios assume the same demand for energy services and a high degree of emphasis on energy efficiency. The supply options are clean fossil fuels, safe nuclear power, centralised or decentralised renewable energy, respectively. The scenarios provide an 'existence proof' of greenhouse mitigation options, but otherwise are very different, in terms of energy infrastructure and presumably cost. Detailed estimates of environmental costs and regional setup including trade patterns have not yet been fully carried out, and the results are thus preliminary. 96/03337 SCR and hybrid systems for utility boilers: A review of current EPRI-sponsored results Zammit, K. D. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995,40, (4), 1034-1038. Discusses how selective catalytic reduction (SCR) has been widely demonstrated in Europe and Japan as a postcombustion NO, control technology. However, most of this experience has been gained using relatively lowsulphur fuels, typically less than 1.5%. By comparison, the application of SCR in the USA has been much more limited. 96/03338 Separation of boric acid In liquid waste with anion exchange membrane contactor Park, J. K. and Lee, K. 1. Waste Management, 1995, 15, (4), 283-291. Many research activities have been focused on the volume reduction of liquid radwaste because it is known that about 40% of total drums generated at a pressurized water nuclear reactor (PWR) are produced from treatment of liquid radwaste. Today the liquid radwaste is generally treated in order to reduce the volume with an evaporator or ion-exchanger bed before it is solidified. However, many problems are caused by the boric acid which makes up about 70% of total dissolved solids in wastes because boric acid is utilized to control the reactivity of a PWR. In this study, the anion exchange membrane contactor without dispersion and density differences is tested because it is simpler and more economical than other separation methods. 96/03339 Sick building syndrome - The real facts Rooley, R. Structural Survey, 1995, 13, (3), 5-8. Discusses the ways to motivate organisations to tackle indoor air quality. 96/03340 Significance of afforestation of desert and Its evaluation as a countermeasure against carbon dioxide problem Kojima, T. et al., Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 923-926. The surface plant is thought to be one of the most feasible final sinks. In the paper, its role in the carbon cycle is summarized, and significance, scale and advantage of greening of arid and semiarid lands in the carbon dioxide problem are demonstrated. Also presents the methodology of the evaluation of the effects of the greening on the problem, considering both the energy input and the amount of fixed carbon. 96/03341 A simple spreadsheet for the assessment of options for the mitigation of world carbon dIoxide emissions Walsh, J. H. Energy Converso Mgmt., Juri-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 709-716. 96/03342 SNOX demonstration project performance data. One year Interim report Steen, D. V. et al., EPA-600/R-95-015b, US Environ. Prot. Agency, Res. Dev., (Proc. 1993 50 2 Control Symp.) Paper No.30, 1995, 17 pp. Ohio Edison Company is the host site for the first domestic installation of the SNOX technology. The SNOX Demonstration Project, a Clean Coal II project under the U.S. Department of Energy's Clean Coal Technology Program, uses an innovative S02 and NOx control technology. The process utilizes selective catalytic reduction for NO, control and a unique sulphuric acid recovery process for S02 removal. The integrated design of the process enables high removal efficiencies, no waste production, and increased thermal efficiency of the boiler. 96/03343 Sorption-electrochemical reduction method for removing nitrogen oxides from gas streams Wachsman, E. (Assigned to) Gas Research Institute, US Pal. U5.5,456,B07, Oct. 1995. NOx are selectivity removed from gas mixtures of vehicle exhaust, industrial manufacturing, coal burning, using alkali and/or alkaline earth oxides as sorbents at <500°, followed by desorption at >600° and conversion of the desorbed NO, into N2 and 02using a solid oxide electrochemical cell.
96/03344 Speciation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) In aquatic sediments Pueschel, R. and Calmano, W. Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol., 1995, 23, (5), 226-232. A sequential extraction technique is presented for the examination of PAH speciation in aquatic sediments. Discusses the method with special emphasis on the sorption of PAH to humic substances and coal-like particles. Sorption experiments were carried out with sediments after treatment with H202 or after lipid removal by organic solvent extraction. 96/03345 Strategies for reducing carbon emissions on the tropical rain forest: The case of the Brazilian Amazon De Freitas, M. A. and Rosa, L. P. Energy Converso Mgmt., Juri-Aug. 1996,37, (6), 757-762. The Brazilian Amazon deforestation has been responsible, in part, for the increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. The paper is pursuing two general aims. Its first one is to introduce the relation about the biomass and land uses in the tropics in the climate change. Its second aim is to identify which principals 'no regret options' possibles to collaborate with the global's strategies to control the atmospheric carbon concentrations and the regional's strategies to sustainable development in the Amazon region. 96/03346 Study of volatile hydrocarbon emission control by an aromatic poly(ether imide} membrane Deng, S. et al., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1995, 34, (12), 4494-4500. Describes the separation of the mixtures of hydrocarbon vapours from nitrogen by using an asymmetric aromatic poly(ether imide) membrane prepared by the phase-inversion technique. The effect of the presence of water in the feed stream on the separation of hydrocarbon vapours from nitrogen and on the separation of gasoline vapour from nitrogen was also investigated. 96/03347 System for countermeasures of carbon dioxide Yanagisawa, Y. Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 873-876, Mitigation measures to global climate change are classified focusing on carbon dioxide in order to cover all potential technologies. A template is proposed to assess each technology and technological systems under the standardized criteria. 96/03348 Targets for mitigation of greenhouse gases. Implications from a long-term perspective Ruijgrok, W. Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996,37, (6), 751-756. The paper describes the implications of long-term climate change objectives (such as stabilization of CO2 concentrations and of radiative forcing) for maximum allowable emissions of greenhouse gases and priorities for reduction strategies. It also briefly indicates some rough target values for technological developments which are based on these long-term objectives. 96/03349 Technological problems In systems approach of greening Matsuda, S. et aI., Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 927-930. Afforestation on a large scale has a possibility to be a countermeasure against the global carbon dioxide problem. There are, however, many problems that should be solved. In the paper, the importance of systems approach of greening is emphasized and discussed. The systems adopted are the system of land utilization, social and industrial and energy supply as well as the estimation method of energy balance. Several technological problems arc discussed in terms of construction of ecological model and simulation of artificial rainfall for water. 96/03350 Technology for removing carbon dioxide from power plant flue gas by the physical adsorptIon method Ishibashi, M. et al., Energy Convers. Mgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 929-933. Research into technology for removal of CO2 considered to be the major cause of global warming, was applied to electric power plant flue gas. The method was to use zeolite as adsorbent for physical adsorption, progresssing from the previously used pressure swing adsorption method to the more advanced pressure and temperature swing adsorption method. The authors have been conducting basic research since the 1980s, and in 1991 built a 1000m1N/h scale pilot plant, to continue research through trial operations.
96/03351 Testing and control procedures for coal-gas outbursts Noack, K. et al., Glueckauj-Forschungsh., 1995, 56, (2), 45-50. (In German) Discusses gas measurement and danger assessment in coal mines. Mathematical modelling of measurement results and coal classification are also discussed.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996 229
96/03335 Safety-related diagnosis of modern control systems In hoisting plants Stachowitz, W. Glueckauf, 1995, 131, (9), 439-440, 442-445. (In German) Discusses the safety concepts in coal mines. 96/03336 Scenarios for greenhouse warming mitigation Sorensen, B. Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 693-698. Four global scenarios of energy provision are considered, all of which have zero net emissions of greenhouse gases. The scenarios assume the same demand for energy services and a high degree of emphasis on energy efficiency. The supply options are clean fossil fuels, safe nuclear power, centralised or decentralised renewable energy, respectively. The scenarios provide an 'existence proof' of greenhouse mitigation options, but otherwise are very different, in terms of energy infrastructure and presumably cost. Detailed estimates of environmental costs and regional setup including trade patterns have not yet been fully carried out, and the results are thus preliminary. 96/03337 SCR and hybrid systems for utility boilers: A review of current EPRI-sponsored results Zammit, K. D. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995,40, (4), 1034-1038. Discusses how selective catalytic reduction (SCR) has been widely demonstrated in Europe and Japan as a postcombustion NO, control technology. However, most of this experience has been gained using relatively lowsulphur fuels, typically less than 1.5%. By comparison, the application of SCR in the USA has been much more limited. 96/03338 Separation of boric acid In liquid waste with anion exchange membrane contactor Park, J. K. and Lee, K. 1. Waste Management, 1995, 15, (4), 283-291. Many research activities have been focused on the volume reduction of liquid radwaste because it is known that about 40% of total drums generated at a pressurized water nuclear reactor (PWR) are produced from treatment of liquid radwaste. Today the liquid radwaste is generally treated in order to reduce the volume with an evaporator or ion-exchanger bed before it is solidified. However, many problems are caused by the boric acid which makes up about 70% of total dissolved solids in wastes because boric acid is utilized to control the reactivity of a PWR. In this study, the anion exchange membrane contactor without dispersion and density differences is tested because it is simpler and more economical than other separation methods. 96/03339 Sick building syndrome - The real facts Rooley, R. Structural Survey, 1995, 13, (3), 5-8. Discusses the ways to motivate organisations to tackle indoor air quality. 96/03340 Significance of afforestation of desert and Its evaluation as a countermeasure against carbon dioxide problem Kojima, T. et al., Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 923-926. The surface plant is thought to be one of the most feasible final sinks. In the paper, its role in the carbon cycle is summarized, and significance, scale and advantage of greening of arid and semiarid lands in the carbon dioxide problem are demonstrated. Also presents the methodology of the evaluation of the effects of the greening on the problem, considering both the energy input and the amount of fixed carbon. 96/03341 A simple spreadsheet for the assessment of options for the mitigation of world carbon dIoxide emissions Walsh, J. H. Energy Converso Mgmt., Juri-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 709-716. 96/03342 SNOX demonstration project performance data. One year Interim report Steen, D. V. et al., EPA-600/R-95-015b, US Environ. Prot. Agency, Res. Dev., (Proc. 1993 50 2 Control Symp.) Paper No.30, 1995, 17 pp. Ohio Edison Company is the host site for the first domestic installation of the SNOX technology. The SNOX Demonstration Project, a Clean Coal II project under the U.S. Department of Energy's Clean Coal Technology Program, uses an innovative S02 and NOx control technology. The process utilizes selective catalytic reduction for NO, control and a unique sulphuric acid recovery process for S02 removal. The integrated design of the process enables high removal efficiencies, no waste production, and increased thermal efficiency of the boiler. 96/03343 Sorption-electrochemical reduction method for removing nitrogen oxides from gas streams Wachsman, E. (Assigned to) Gas Research Institute, US Pal. U5.5,456,B07, Oct. 1995. NOx are selectivity removed from gas mixtures of vehicle exhaust, industrial manufacturing, coal burning, using alkali and/or alkaline earth oxides as sorbents at <500°, followed by desorption at >600° and conversion of the desorbed NO, into N2 and 02using a solid oxide electrochemical cell.
96/03344 Speciation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) In aquatic sediments Pueschel, R. and Calmano, W. Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol., 1995, 23, (5), 226-232. A sequential extraction technique is presented for the examination of PAH speciation in aquatic sediments. Discusses the method with special emphasis on the sorption of PAH to humic substances and coal-like particles. Sorption experiments were carried out with sediments after treatment with H202 or after lipid removal by organic solvent extraction. 96/03345 Strategies for reducing carbon emissions on the tropical rain forest: The case of the Brazilian Amazon De Freitas, M. A. and Rosa, L. P. Energy Converso Mgmt., Juri-Aug. 1996,37, (6), 757-762. The Brazilian Amazon deforestation has been responsible, in part, for the increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. The paper is pursuing two general aims. Its first one is to introduce the relation about the biomass and land uses in the tropics in the climate change. Its second aim is to identify which principals 'no regret options' possibles to collaborate with the global's strategies to control the atmospheric carbon concentrations and the regional's strategies to sustainable development in the Amazon region. 96/03346 Study of volatile hydrocarbon emission control by an aromatic poly(ether imide} membrane Deng, S. et al., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1995, 34, (12), 4494-4500. Describes the separation of the mixtures of hydrocarbon vapours from nitrogen by using an asymmetric aromatic poly(ether imide) membrane prepared by the phase-inversion technique. The effect of the presence of water in the feed stream on the separation of hydrocarbon vapours from nitrogen and on the separation of gasoline vapour from nitrogen was also investigated. 96/03347 System for countermeasures of carbon dioxide Yanagisawa, Y. Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 873-876, Mitigation measures to global climate change are classified focusing on carbon dioxide in order to cover all potential technologies. A template is proposed to assess each technology and technological systems under the standardized criteria. 96/03348 Targets for mitigation of greenhouse gases. Implications from a long-term perspective Ruijgrok, W. Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996,37, (6), 751-756. The paper describes the implications of long-term climate change objectives (such as stabilization of CO2 concentrations and of radiative forcing) for maximum allowable emissions of greenhouse gases and priorities for reduction strategies. It also briefly indicates some rough target values for technological developments which are based on these long-term objectives. 96/03349 Technological problems In systems approach of greening Matsuda, S. et aI., Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 927-930. Afforestation on a large scale has a possibility to be a countermeasure against the global carbon dioxide problem. There are, however, many problems that should be solved. In the paper, the importance of systems approach of greening is emphasized and discussed. The systems adopted are the system of land utilization, social and industrial and energy supply as well as the estimation method of energy balance. Several technological problems arc discussed in terms of construction of ecological model and simulation of artificial rainfall for water. 96/03350 Technology for removing carbon dioxide from power plant flue gas by the physical adsorptIon method Ishibashi, M. et al., Energy Convers. Mgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 929-933. Research into technology for removal of CO2 considered to be the major cause of global warming, was applied to electric power plant flue gas. The method was to use zeolite as adsorbent for physical adsorption, progresssing from the previously used pressure swing adsorption method to the more advanced pressure and temperature swing adsorption method. The authors have been conducting basic research since the 1980s, and in 1991 built a 1000m1N/h scale pilot plant, to continue research through trial operations.
96/03351 Testing and control procedures for coal-gas outbursts Noack, K. et al., Glueckauj-Forschungsh., 1995, 56, (2), 45-50. (In German) Discusses gas measurement and danger assessment in coal mines. Mathematical modelling of measurement results and coal classification are also discussed.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996 229