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Subject index for volume 27
CRYOBIOLOGY27, 699--705 (1990)
Subject Index for Volume 27 A Abstracts papers presented at the 27th Annual Meeting of the Society for Cryobiology and Cryogenic Society of America, 615 Actin filaments in one-cell embryos, effects of cryoprotectants during cryopreservation (rabbit), 9; erratum, 343 Air chilled, exposed skin, analysis of freezing times, rewarming times, and lowest temperatures (swine), 189 Alcohol dehydrogenase hepatic, mechanism of freeze-thaw damage and protection by cryoprotectants and amino acids, 521 Amino acids as cryoprotectants, effectiveness in freeze-thaw damage to hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase, 521 in culture medium, effects on hypothermic preservation of hepatocytes (rat), 1 Apoptosis in V79 cells after exposure to above-freezing temperatures, analysis, 439 Arteries coronary, endothelium-dependent vasodilatory responses in, retention after cryopreservation (dog), 511
Bacteria Lactobacillus bulgaricus, cryopreservation in different freezing media, effect of calcium, 336 Pseudomonas sp., ice nucleation protein, clustering, correlation with ice nucleation activity, 416 Pseudomonas syringae, ice nucleation site, surface properties and size, theoretical study, 80 Streptococcus thermophilus, freeze-drying by vacuum and atmospheric methods, comparison, 569 Biomolecules stabilization by solutes during freezing and dehydration, comparison, 219 Blood, see also Serum freeze-tolerant frog, ice nucleating activity, 328 Bone marrow autologous cryopreserved, for transplantation in acute nonlymphoid leukemia patients, hemato-
logical recovery: effects of chemotherapy before harvesting, 103 Book reviews The Biophysics of Organ Cryopreservation. D. E. Pegg and A. M. Karow, Jr. (Eds.), 1987, 100 Temperature Biology of Animals. A. R. Cossins and K. Bowler, 1987, 98 Bovine spermatozoal plasma membranes, cold-induced ultrastructural changes, analysis, 171 Brain long-term pathology after surface hypothermia, effects of 5% CO2, quantitative analysis (dog), 31
1,3-Butanediol aqueous solutions, devitrification in, experimental dissection, 378 2,3-Butanediol levo and dextro isomers and racemic mixture in aqueous solution, evaluation as solutes for vitrification, 55; erratum, 343 C Calcium in culture medium, effects on hypothermic preservation of hepatocytes (rat), 1 effect on cryopreservation of Lactobacillus bulgaricus in different freezing media, 336 Carbon dioxide 5%, effects on long-term brain pathology after surface hypothermia, quantitative analysis (dog), 31 Cell cultures hepatocytes in sandwich configuration of collagen layers, cryopreservation (rat), 576 Cell lines V79 (Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts) apoptosis after exposure to above-freezing temperatures, analysis, 439 survival after exposure to hypothermia, effects of iron chelation, 452 Chemotherapy before bone marrow harvesting, effects on hematological recovery after transplantation in acute nonlymphoid leukemia patients, 103 Cilia nasal epithelium, activity, pharmacological studies: suitability of cryopreserved samples (human), 591 Cold hardiness research on plant tissues, viability tests, review, 194
699 0011-2240/90 $3.00 Copyright9 1990by AcademicPress. Inc. All rights of reproductionin any formreserved.
700
SUBJECT INDEX
Cold shock at above-freezing temperatures, subsequent apoptosis, analysis (V79 cells), 439 Cooling rate effects on dendritic cell membrane integrity (human, rat), 269 structure of frozen kidney, cryo-scanning electron microscopic analysis (rabbit), 301 redefinition in terms of ice front velocity and thermal gradient: relevance to freezing injury of lymphocytes (human), 279 Cornea effects of propane-l,2-diol in vitrification solution (rabbit), 42 vitrification, analysis, 483 Cryopreservation coronary arteries, subsequent retention of endothelium-dependent vasodilatory responses (dog), 511 embryo axes of large-seeded temperate tree species, subsequent survival, analysis, 212 entomogenous parasite larvae (Steinernema feltiae), 319 heart, by immersion and low-flow perfusion methods, comparison, contribution of 31p NMR spectroscopy (rat), 430 heart valves, effect of liquid nitrogen submersion on subsequent clinical use (human), 605 hepatocytes drug metabolism and viability studies (rat), 288 effects of Ca and amino acids in culture medium (rat), 1 effects on membrane integrity and transport and protein synthesis (rat), 143 in sandwich culture configuration, new approach (rat), 576 kidney, for 48 hours with low-ionic-strength solutions, analysis (rabbit), 423 Lactobacillus bulgaricus in different freezing media, effect of calcium, 336 mononuclear cells, enhancement of interleukin-1 production (human), 137 nasal epithelium, suitability of samples for pharmacological studies of ciliary activity (human), 591 one-cell embryos, effects of cryoprotectants on actin filaments (rabbit), 9; erratum, 343 platelets with propane-l,2-diol, assessment of survival (human), 130 skin prognostic viability assay with tetrazolium reductase, evaluation (mouse), 24 survival, effects of cryobiological variables in murine model, 164 spermatozoa, induced ultrastructural changes, analysis (boar, bovine), 171 Cryoprotectants, see also specific agents aqueous solutions, rapid and uniform electromagnetic heating from cryogenic temperatures, 465
effectiveness in freeze-thaw damage to hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase, 521 effects on actin filaments during cryopreservation of one-ceU embryos (rabbit), 9; erratum, 343 interactions with cryosensitizers and with other cryoprotectors, 232 role in vitrification, 345 toxicity hypothetical basis, review, 401 and toxicity reduction, molecular mechanisms, 247 Cryosensitizers interactions with cryoprotectors, 232 Cryosurgery hepatic, associated process of freezing and mechanism of damage, analysis (rat), 85 Culture media calcium and amino acid components, effects on hypothermic preservation of hepatocytes (rat), 1 freezing, cryopreservation of Lactobacillus bulgaricus in, effect of calcium, 336 D Dehydration and freezing as stress vectors, comparison, 219 Denaturation hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase by freeze-thaw, mechanism and protection by cryoprotectants and amino acids, 521 lactate dehydrogenase, freezing-induced, cryoprotective effects of sodium glutamate and lysine hydrogen chloride, 70 Dendritic cells membrane integrity, preservation and destruction by freezing (human, rat), 269 Depolymerization actin filaments in one-cell embryos, effects of cryoprotectants during cryopreservation (rabbit), 9; erratum, 343 Devitrification experimental dissection in aqueous solutions of 1,3butanediol, 378 tendency, theoretical prediction: determination of critical warming rates without use of finite expansions, 359 Dimethyl sulfoxide cryoprotective effects on coronary artery endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (dog), 511 effect on actin filaments during cryopreservation of onecell embryos (rabbit), 9; erratum, 343 survival of cryopreserved skin in murine model, 164 metabolism and viability studies in cryopreserved hepatocytes (rat), 288 Dog brain, long-term pathology after surface hypother-
SUBJECT INDEX mia, effects of 5% CO2, quantitative analysis, 31 coronary arteries, endothelium-dependent vasodilatory responses, retention after cryopreservation, 511 kidney, thawed by microwave radiation, thermographic studies, 311
Electron microscopy cryo-scanning, in analysis of effects of cooling rate and glycerol levels on structure of frozen kidney (rabbit), 301 Embryo axes of large-seeded temperate tree species, survival after cryostorage, analysis, 212 one-cell, actin filaments, effects of cryoprotectants during cryopreservation (rabbit), 9; erratum, 343 Endothelium corneal, effects of propane-l,2-diol in vitrification solution (rabbit), 42 dependent vasodilatory responses in coronary arteries, retention after cryopreservation (dog), 511 Epithelium nasal, cryopreserved samples, suitability for pharmacological studies of ciliary activity (human), 591 Ethanediol effect on survival of cryopreserved skin in murine model, 164 Expansions finite, role in determination of critical warming rate, in theoretical prediction of devitrification tendency, 359 Eye, see specific parts
Follicles hair, destruction and regeneration in skin after cutaneous freeze injury (guinea pig), 153 Fracture probability, as problem in vitrification of large biological systems, effect of sample size, 492 Fracture faces and other interfaces as ice nucleation sites, analysis, 479 Freeze-drying Streptococcus thermophilus, by vacuum and atmospheric methods, comparison, 569 Freeze-thawing damage to hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase, mechanism and protection by cryoprotectants and amino acids, 521 effects on skin survival in murine model, 164 mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes, structural
701
changes in, fluorescence and EPR spectroscopic studies (rat), 184 Freezing and dehydration as stress vectors, comparison, 219 induced cutaneous injury, subsequent hair follicle destruction and regeneration, histological study (guinea pig), 153 induced lymphocyte injury, relevance of redefining cooling rate in terms of ice front velocity and thermal gradient (human), 279 intolerant beetle, regulation of supercooling and nucleation (Tenebrio molitor), 562 kidney, structural effects of cooling rate and glycerol levels, cryo-scanning electron microscopic analysis (rabbit), 301 process, and mechanism of damage during hepatic cryosurgery (rat), 85 thylakoid membranes in complex media, effect of pH (Spinacia oleracea leaf), 547 times in skin exposed to chilled air, analysis (swine), 189 tolerant frog, ice nucleating activity in blood, 328 Frog freeze-tolerant, ice nucleating activity in blood, 328 Frostbite experimental, analysis of freezing times, rewarming times, and lowest temperatures in skin exposed to chilled air (swine), 189
Glycerol effect on survival of cryopreserved skin in murine model, 164 levels, effect on structure of frozen kidney, cryoscanning electron microscopic analysis (rabbit), 301 permeation into platelets, measurement (human), 107 Growth rate ice crystal, in analysis of devitrification in aqueous solutions of 1,3-butanediol, 378 Guinea pig skin, hair follicle destruction and regeneration after cutaneous freeze injury, 153
Heart cryopreservation by immersion and low-flow methods, comparison, contribution of 31p NMR spectroscopy (rat), 430 valves, cryopreserved, effect of liquid nitrogen submersion (human), 605 Heating electromagnetic, rapid and uniform, aqueous cryoprotectant solutions from cryogenic temperatures, 465
702
SUBJECT INDEX
Hedgehog papillary muscles contraction, effects of low temperature, comparison with rabbit and rat, 539 mechanical restitution in. temperature effects. 596 Hemoglobin liposome-encapsulated, freeze-dried, evaluation of dry storage and protective effects of trehalose, 585 Hepatocytes, see also Liver cryopreservation effects of Ca and amino acids in culture medium (rat), 1 effects on membrane integrity and transport and protein synthesis (rat), 143 in sandwich culture configuration (rat), 576 cryopreserved, drug metabolism and viability studies (rat), 288 Human acute nonlymphoid leukemia patients, transplantation of cryopreserved autologous bone marrow, hematological recovery, effects of chemotherapy before harvesting, 103 dendritic cells, membrane integrity, preservation and destruction by freezing, 269 heart valves, cryopreserved, effect of liquid nitrogen submersion, 605 lymphocytes, freezing injury, relevance of redefining cooling rate in terms of ice front velocity and thermal gradient, 279 mononuclear cells, enhancement of interleukin-1 production by cryopreservation, 137 nasal epithelium, cryopreserved samples, suitability for pharmacological studies of ciliary activity, 591 platelets cryopreservation with propane-l,2-diol, assessment of survival, 130 effects of propane-l,2-diol, analysis, 119 permeation of glycerol and propane-1,2-diol, measurement, 107 Hydrogen bonding interactions between solutes and water and between solute molecules: role of cryoprotective agents in vitrification, 345 Hypothermia effects on contraction of papillary muscles (hedgehog, rabbit, rat), 539 exposed V79 cells, subsequent survival, effects of iron chelation, 452 surface, subsequent long-term brain pathology, effects of 5% CO2, quantitative analysis (dog), 31
Ice crystals formed from nucleation, ultimate size, effect of sample size, 492
devitrification tendency, theoretical prediction: determination of critical warming rates without use of finite expansions, 359 Ice front velocity in redefinition of cooling rate: relevance to freezing injury of lymphocytes (human), 279 Ice nucleation active bacteria, surface properties and size of ice nucleation site, theoretical study (Pseudomonas syringae), 80 in blood of freeze-tolerant frog, analysis, 328 correlation with clustering of ice nucleation proteins (Pseudomonas sp.), 416 probability, as problem in vitrification of large biological systems, effect of sample size, 492 rate, in analysis of devitrification in aqueous solutions of 1,3-butanediol. 378 regulation in freeze-intolerant beetle (Tenebrio molitor), 562 sites, fracture faces and other interfaces as, analysis, 479 Immersion as cryopreservation method, comparison with lowflow perfusion, contribution of 31p NMR spectroscopy (rat heart), 430 Injury cutaneous, freezing-induced, subsequent hair follicle destruction and regeneration, histological study (guinea pig), 153 lymphocytes, freezing-induced, relevance of redefining cooling rate in terms of ice front velocity and thermal gradient (human), 279 Insects beetle (Tenebrio molitor), freeze-intolerant, regulation of supercooling and nucleation, 562 Interleukin-1 production in mononuclear cells, enhancement by cryopreservation (human), 137 Iron chelation effects on survival of V79 cells exposed to hypothermia, 452
Kidney canine and phantom, thawed by microwave radiation, thermographic studies, 311 frozen, structure, effects of cooling rate and glycerol levels, cryo-scanning electron microscopic analysis (rabbit), 301 hypothermic preservation for 48 hours with lowionic-strength solutions, analysis (rabbit), 423
Lactate dehydrogenase freeze denaturation, cryoprotective effects of so-
SUBJECT INDEX dium glutamate and lysine hydrogen chloride, 70 Liposomes encapsulated hemoglobin, freeze-dried, evaluation of dry storage and protective effects of trehalose, 585 Liquid nitrogen submersion, effect on cryopreserved heart valves (human), 605 Liver, see also Hepatocytes cryosurgery, associated process of freezing and mechanism of damage, analysis (rat), 85 Lymphocytes freezing injury, relevance of redefining cooling rate in terms of ice front velocity and thermal gradient (human), 279 Lysine hydrogen chloride cryoprotective effect on freeze denaturation of lactate dehydrogenase, 70 Lysosomes membranes, structural changes during freeze-thawing, fluorescence and EPR spectroscopic studies (rat), 184 M
Media complex, pH, effect on freezing of isolated thylakoid membranes (Spinacia oleracea leaf), 547 culture, see Culture media freezing, various, cryopreservation of Lactobacillus bulgaricus, effect of calcium, 336 Membranes dendritic cells, integrity, preservation and destruction by freezing (human, rat), 269 hepatocytes, integrity and transport, effects of cryopreservation (rat), 143 plasma, see Plasma membranes thylakoid, freezing in complex media, effect of pH (Spinacia oleracea leaf), 547 Metabolism cryoprotectants, and viability studies in cryopreserved hepatocytes (rat), 288 Microwave radiation canine and phantom kidneys thawed by, thermographic studies, 311 thawing of kidney after cryopreservation for 48 hours by low-ionic-strength solutions, evaluation (rabbit), 423 Mitochondria membranes, structural changes during freeze-thawing, fluorescence and EPR spectroscopic studies (rat), 184 Models skin cryopreservation, prognostic viability assay with tetrazolium reductase, evaluation (mouse), 24
703
skin survival, effects of cryobiological variables (mouse), 164 theoretical prediction of devitrification tendency: determination of critical warming rates without use of finite expansions, 359 Mononuclear cells interleukin-1 production, enhancement by cryopreservation (human), 137 Mouse skin cryopreserved, viability, tetrazolium reductase as prognostic indicator, evaluation, 24 survival, effects of cryobiological variables, 164 Muscles papillary contraction, effects of low temperature (hedgehog, rabbit, rat), 539 mechanical restitution in, temperature effects (hedgehog, rabbit, rat), 596 N
Nematodes S t e i n e r n e m a f e l t i a e larvae, cryopreservation, 319 Nitrogen liquid, see Liquid nitrogen Nuclear magnetic resonance 31p, in analysis of comparative cryopreservation by immersion and low-flow perfusion methods (rabbit heart), 430 Nucleation ice, see Ice nucleation
O Obituary Charles Edward Huggins, viii p Pathology brain, long-term, after surface hypothermia, effects of 5% COz, quantitative analysis (dog), 31 Perfusion low-flow, as cryopreservation method, comparison with immersion, contributionof 3~p NMR spectroscopy (rat heart), 430 Permeation glycerol and propane-l,2-diol into platelets, measurement (human), 107 time and temperature, effects on survival of cryopreserved skin in murine model, 164 pH in complex media, effect on freezing of isolated thylakoid membranes (Spinacia oleracea leaf), 547 Plants large-seeded temperate tree species, embryo axes, survival after cryostorage, analysis, 212
704
SUBJECT INDEX
spinach (Spinacia oleracea), isolated leaf thylakoid membranes, freezing in complex media, effect of pH, 547 tissues, viability tests in cold hardiness research, review, 194 Plasma membranes spermatozoal, cold-induced ultrastructural changes, analysis (boar, bovine), 171 Platelets cryopreservation with propane-1,2-diol, assessment of survival (human), 130 effects of propane-1,2-diol (human), 119 permeation of glycerol and propane-l,2-diol, measurement (human), 107 1,2-Propanediol, see Propylene glycol Propylene glycol cryopreservation of platelets, assessment of effectiveness (human), 130 effects on actin filaments during cryopreservation of onecell embryos (rabbit), 9; erratum, 343 platelets (human), 119 permeation into platelets, measurement (human), 107 in vitrification solution, effect on corneas (rabbit), 42 Proteins ice nucleation, clustering, correlation with ice nucleation activity (Pseudomonas sp.), 416 stabilization, and toxicity of cryoprotectants, hypothetical basis, review, 401 synthesis in hepatocytes, effects of cryopreservation (rat), 143
Rabbit cornea, effects of propane-l,2-diol in vitrification solution, 42 kidney frozen, structure, effects of cooling rate and glycerol levels, cryo-scanning electron microscopic analysis, 301 hypothermic preservation for 48 hours with lowionic-strength solutions, analysis, 423 one-cell embryos, actin filaments, effects of cryoprotectants during cryopreservation, 9; erratum, 343 papillary muscles contraction, effects of low temperature, comparison with hedgehog and rat, 539 mechanical restitution in, temperature effects, 596 Rat dendritic ceils, membrane integrity, preservation and destruction by freezing, 269 heart, cryopreservation by immersion and low-flow methods, comparison, contribution of 31p NMR spectroscopy, 430
hepatocytes cryopreserved, drug metabolism and viability studies, 288 hypothermic preservation, effects of Ca and amino acids in culture medium, 1 membrane integrity and transport and protein synthesis, effects of cryopreservation, 143 liver, cryosurgery, associated process of freezing and mechanism of damage, analysis, 85 mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes, structural changes during freeze-thawing, fluorescence and EPR spectroscopic studies, 184 papillary muscles contraction, effects of low temperature, comparison with hedgehog and rabbit, 539 mechanical restitution in, temperature effects, 596 Recovery hematological, after cryopreserved autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute nonlymphoid leukemia patients, effects of chemotherapy before harvesting, 103 Regeneration hair follicles after cutaneous freeze injury (guinea pig), 153 Rewarming times in skin exposed to chilled air, analysis (swine), 189 S Serum, see also Blood fetal bovine, cryoprotective effects on coronary artery endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (dog), 511 Skin cryopreserved, tetrazolium reductase as prognostic indicator of viability (mouse), 24 exposed to chilled air, analysis of freezing times, rewarming times, and lowest temperatures (swine), 189 hair follicles, destruction and regeneration after cutaneous freeze injury (guinea pig), 153 survival, effects of cryobiological variables in mufine model, 164 Sodium glutamate cryoprotective effect on freeze denaturation of lactate dehydrogenase, 70 Solutes hydrogen bonding interactions with water: role of cryoprotective agents in vitrification, 345 stabilizing, modes of interaction with biomolecules: comparison of freezing and dehydration as stress vectors, 219 Solutions low-ionic-strength, HP9 and LIC, hypothermic preservation of kidney for 48 hours, analysis (rabbit), 423 vitrification, see Vitrification solutions Spectroscopy fluorescence and EPR, in analysis of structural
SUBJECT INDEX changes in mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes during freeze-thawing (rat), 184 nuclear magnetic resonance, see Nuclear magnetic resonance Spermatozoa cold-induced ultrastructural changes, analysis (boar, bovine), 171 Stabilization biomolecules during freezing and dehydration, comparison, 219 proteins, and toxicity of cryoprotectants, hypothetical basis, review, 401 Storage dry, liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin, evaluation, 585 Stress freezing and dehydration as vectors, comparison, 219 Supercooling regulation in freeze-intolerant beetle (Tenebrio molitor), 562 Survival embryo axes of large-seeded temperate tree species after cryostorage, analysis, 212 fibroblasts after exposure to hypothermia, effects of iron chelation (Chinese hamster lung), 452 platelets cryopreserved with propane-l,2-diol, assessment (human), 130 skin, effects of cryobiological variables in murine model, 164 Swine skin exposed to chilled air, analysis of freezing times, rewarming times, and lowest temperatures, 189 spermatozoal plasma membranes, cold-induced ultrastructural changes, analysis, 171 T Temperature above-freezing, exposed V79 cells, subsequent apoptosis, analysis, 439 cryogenic, rapid and uniform electromagnetic heating of aqueous cryoprotectant solutions from, 465 effects on mechanical restitution in papillary muscles (hedgehog, rabbit, rat), 596 lowest, in skin exposed to chilled air, analysis (swine), 189 Terbutaline sulfate effect on ciliary activity of fresh and cryopreserved nasal epithelium (human), 591 Tetrazolium reductase as prognostic indicator of skin viability in murine model of skin cryopreservation, evaluation, 24 Thawing by microwave radiation canine and phantom kidneys, thermographic studies, 311
705
rabbit kidney after cryopreservation for 48 hours by low-ionic-strength solutions, evaluation, 423 Thermal gradient in redefinition of cooling rate: relevance to freezing injury of lymphocytes (human), 279 Thermography studies of canine and phantom kidney thawed by microwave radiation, 311 Tissues plant, viability tests in cold hardiness research, review, 194 Toxicity cryoprotectants hypothetical basis, review, 401 and reduction of cryoprotectant toxicity, molecular mechanisms, 247 Transplantation with cryopreserved autologous bone marrow from acute nonlymphoid leukemia patients, hematological recovery, effects of chemotherapy before harvesting, 103 Trehalose protective effects on freeze-dried liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin in dry storage, 585 V Vasorelaxation endothelium-dependent, coronary arteries, retention after cryopreservation (dog), 511 Viability cryopreserved hepatocytes, and drug metabolism studies (rat), 288 cryopreserved skin, tetrazolium reductase as prognostic indicator in murine model, evaluation, 24 tests for plant tissues in cold hardiness research, review, 194 Vitrification large biological systems, physical problems, 492 organized tissues, 483 role of cryoprotective agents, 345 Vitrification solution levo- and dextro-2,3-butanediol and racemic mixture in water, evaluation, 55; erratum, 343 propane-1,2-diol component, effect on corneas (rabbit), 42 related metabolism and viability studies in cryopreserved hepatocytes (rat), 288 W Warming rate critical, determination without use of finite expansions, in theoretical prediction of devitrification tendency, 359 Water hydrogen bonding interactions with solutes: role of cryoprotective agents in vitrification, 345 levo- and dextro-2,3-butanediol and racemic mixture in, evaluation as solutes for vitrification, 55; erratum, 343
Subject Index for Volume 27 A Abstracts papers presented at the 27th Annual Meeting of the Society for Cryobiology and Cryogenic Society of America, 615 Actin filaments in one-cell embryos, effects of cryoprotectants during cryopreservation (rabbit), 9; erratum, 343 Air chilled, exposed skin, analysis of freezing times, rewarming times, and lowest temperatures (swine), 189 Alcohol dehydrogenase hepatic, mechanism of freeze-thaw damage and protection by cryoprotectants and amino acids, 521 Amino acids as cryoprotectants, effectiveness in freeze-thaw damage to hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase, 521 in culture medium, effects on hypothermic preservation of hepatocytes (rat), 1 Apoptosis in V79 cells after exposure to above-freezing temperatures, analysis, 439 Arteries coronary, endothelium-dependent vasodilatory responses in, retention after cryopreservation (dog), 511
Bacteria Lactobacillus bulgaricus, cryopreservation in different freezing media, effect of calcium, 336 Pseudomonas sp., ice nucleation protein, clustering, correlation with ice nucleation activity, 416 Pseudomonas syringae, ice nucleation site, surface properties and size, theoretical study, 80 Streptococcus thermophilus, freeze-drying by vacuum and atmospheric methods, comparison, 569 Biomolecules stabilization by solutes during freezing and dehydration, comparison, 219 Blood, see also Serum freeze-tolerant frog, ice nucleating activity, 328 Bone marrow autologous cryopreserved, for transplantation in acute nonlymphoid leukemia patients, hemato-
logical recovery: effects of chemotherapy before harvesting, 103 Book reviews The Biophysics of Organ Cryopreservation. D. E. Pegg and A. M. Karow, Jr. (Eds.), 1987, 100 Temperature Biology of Animals. A. R. Cossins and K. Bowler, 1987, 98 Bovine spermatozoal plasma membranes, cold-induced ultrastructural changes, analysis, 171 Brain long-term pathology after surface hypothermia, effects of 5% CO2, quantitative analysis (dog), 31
1,3-Butanediol aqueous solutions, devitrification in, experimental dissection, 378 2,3-Butanediol levo and dextro isomers and racemic mixture in aqueous solution, evaluation as solutes for vitrification, 55; erratum, 343 C Calcium in culture medium, effects on hypothermic preservation of hepatocytes (rat), 1 effect on cryopreservation of Lactobacillus bulgaricus in different freezing media, 336 Carbon dioxide 5%, effects on long-term brain pathology after surface hypothermia, quantitative analysis (dog), 31 Cell cultures hepatocytes in sandwich configuration of collagen layers, cryopreservation (rat), 576 Cell lines V79 (Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts) apoptosis after exposure to above-freezing temperatures, analysis, 439 survival after exposure to hypothermia, effects of iron chelation, 452 Chemotherapy before bone marrow harvesting, effects on hematological recovery after transplantation in acute nonlymphoid leukemia patients, 103 Cilia nasal epithelium, activity, pharmacological studies: suitability of cryopreserved samples (human), 591 Cold hardiness research on plant tissues, viability tests, review, 194
699 0011-2240/90 $3.00 Copyright9 1990by AcademicPress. Inc. All rights of reproductionin any formreserved.
700
SUBJECT INDEX
Cold shock at above-freezing temperatures, subsequent apoptosis, analysis (V79 cells), 439 Cooling rate effects on dendritic cell membrane integrity (human, rat), 269 structure of frozen kidney, cryo-scanning electron microscopic analysis (rabbit), 301 redefinition in terms of ice front velocity and thermal gradient: relevance to freezing injury of lymphocytes (human), 279 Cornea effects of propane-l,2-diol in vitrification solution (rabbit), 42 vitrification, analysis, 483 Cryopreservation coronary arteries, subsequent retention of endothelium-dependent vasodilatory responses (dog), 511 embryo axes of large-seeded temperate tree species, subsequent survival, analysis, 212 entomogenous parasite larvae (Steinernema feltiae), 319 heart, by immersion and low-flow perfusion methods, comparison, contribution of 31p NMR spectroscopy (rat), 430 heart valves, effect of liquid nitrogen submersion on subsequent clinical use (human), 605 hepatocytes drug metabolism and viability studies (rat), 288 effects of Ca and amino acids in culture medium (rat), 1 effects on membrane integrity and transport and protein synthesis (rat), 143 in sandwich culture configuration, new approach (rat), 576 kidney, for 48 hours with low-ionic-strength solutions, analysis (rabbit), 423 Lactobacillus bulgaricus in different freezing media, effect of calcium, 336 mononuclear cells, enhancement of interleukin-1 production (human), 137 nasal epithelium, suitability of samples for pharmacological studies of ciliary activity (human), 591 one-cell embryos, effects of cryoprotectants on actin filaments (rabbit), 9; erratum, 343 platelets with propane-l,2-diol, assessment of survival (human), 130 skin prognostic viability assay with tetrazolium reductase, evaluation (mouse), 24 survival, effects of cryobiological variables in murine model, 164 spermatozoa, induced ultrastructural changes, analysis (boar, bovine), 171 Cryoprotectants, see also specific agents aqueous solutions, rapid and uniform electromagnetic heating from cryogenic temperatures, 465
effectiveness in freeze-thaw damage to hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase, 521 effects on actin filaments during cryopreservation of one-ceU embryos (rabbit), 9; erratum, 343 interactions with cryosensitizers and with other cryoprotectors, 232 role in vitrification, 345 toxicity hypothetical basis, review, 401 and toxicity reduction, molecular mechanisms, 247 Cryosensitizers interactions with cryoprotectors, 232 Cryosurgery hepatic, associated process of freezing and mechanism of damage, analysis (rat), 85 Culture media calcium and amino acid components, effects on hypothermic preservation of hepatocytes (rat), 1 freezing, cryopreservation of Lactobacillus bulgaricus in, effect of calcium, 336 D Dehydration and freezing as stress vectors, comparison, 219 Denaturation hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase by freeze-thaw, mechanism and protection by cryoprotectants and amino acids, 521 lactate dehydrogenase, freezing-induced, cryoprotective effects of sodium glutamate and lysine hydrogen chloride, 70 Dendritic cells membrane integrity, preservation and destruction by freezing (human, rat), 269 Depolymerization actin filaments in one-cell embryos, effects of cryoprotectants during cryopreservation (rabbit), 9; erratum, 343 Devitrification experimental dissection in aqueous solutions of 1,3butanediol, 378 tendency, theoretical prediction: determination of critical warming rates without use of finite expansions, 359 Dimethyl sulfoxide cryoprotective effects on coronary artery endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (dog), 511 effect on actin filaments during cryopreservation of onecell embryos (rabbit), 9; erratum, 343 survival of cryopreserved skin in murine model, 164 metabolism and viability studies in cryopreserved hepatocytes (rat), 288 Dog brain, long-term pathology after surface hypother-
SUBJECT INDEX mia, effects of 5% CO2, quantitative analysis, 31 coronary arteries, endothelium-dependent vasodilatory responses, retention after cryopreservation, 511 kidney, thawed by microwave radiation, thermographic studies, 311
Electron microscopy cryo-scanning, in analysis of effects of cooling rate and glycerol levels on structure of frozen kidney (rabbit), 301 Embryo axes of large-seeded temperate tree species, survival after cryostorage, analysis, 212 one-cell, actin filaments, effects of cryoprotectants during cryopreservation (rabbit), 9; erratum, 343 Endothelium corneal, effects of propane-l,2-diol in vitrification solution (rabbit), 42 dependent vasodilatory responses in coronary arteries, retention after cryopreservation (dog), 511 Epithelium nasal, cryopreserved samples, suitability for pharmacological studies of ciliary activity (human), 591 Ethanediol effect on survival of cryopreserved skin in murine model, 164 Expansions finite, role in determination of critical warming rate, in theoretical prediction of devitrification tendency, 359 Eye, see specific parts
Follicles hair, destruction and regeneration in skin after cutaneous freeze injury (guinea pig), 153 Fracture probability, as problem in vitrification of large biological systems, effect of sample size, 492 Fracture faces and other interfaces as ice nucleation sites, analysis, 479 Freeze-drying Streptococcus thermophilus, by vacuum and atmospheric methods, comparison, 569 Freeze-thawing damage to hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase, mechanism and protection by cryoprotectants and amino acids, 521 effects on skin survival in murine model, 164 mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes, structural
701
changes in, fluorescence and EPR spectroscopic studies (rat), 184 Freezing and dehydration as stress vectors, comparison, 219 induced cutaneous injury, subsequent hair follicle destruction and regeneration, histological study (guinea pig), 153 induced lymphocyte injury, relevance of redefining cooling rate in terms of ice front velocity and thermal gradient (human), 279 intolerant beetle, regulation of supercooling and nucleation (Tenebrio molitor), 562 kidney, structural effects of cooling rate and glycerol levels, cryo-scanning electron microscopic analysis (rabbit), 301 process, and mechanism of damage during hepatic cryosurgery (rat), 85 thylakoid membranes in complex media, effect of pH (Spinacia oleracea leaf), 547 times in skin exposed to chilled air, analysis (swine), 189 tolerant frog, ice nucleating activity in blood, 328 Frog freeze-tolerant, ice nucleating activity in blood, 328 Frostbite experimental, analysis of freezing times, rewarming times, and lowest temperatures in skin exposed to chilled air (swine), 189
Glycerol effect on survival of cryopreserved skin in murine model, 164 levels, effect on structure of frozen kidney, cryoscanning electron microscopic analysis (rabbit), 301 permeation into platelets, measurement (human), 107 Growth rate ice crystal, in analysis of devitrification in aqueous solutions of 1,3-butanediol, 378 Guinea pig skin, hair follicle destruction and regeneration after cutaneous freeze injury, 153
Heart cryopreservation by immersion and low-flow methods, comparison, contribution of 31p NMR spectroscopy (rat), 430 valves, cryopreserved, effect of liquid nitrogen submersion (human), 605 Heating electromagnetic, rapid and uniform, aqueous cryoprotectant solutions from cryogenic temperatures, 465
702
SUBJECT INDEX
Hedgehog papillary muscles contraction, effects of low temperature, comparison with rabbit and rat, 539 mechanical restitution in. temperature effects. 596 Hemoglobin liposome-encapsulated, freeze-dried, evaluation of dry storage and protective effects of trehalose, 585 Hepatocytes, see also Liver cryopreservation effects of Ca and amino acids in culture medium (rat), 1 effects on membrane integrity and transport and protein synthesis (rat), 143 in sandwich culture configuration (rat), 576 cryopreserved, drug metabolism and viability studies (rat), 288 Human acute nonlymphoid leukemia patients, transplantation of cryopreserved autologous bone marrow, hematological recovery, effects of chemotherapy before harvesting, 103 dendritic cells, membrane integrity, preservation and destruction by freezing, 269 heart valves, cryopreserved, effect of liquid nitrogen submersion, 605 lymphocytes, freezing injury, relevance of redefining cooling rate in terms of ice front velocity and thermal gradient, 279 mononuclear cells, enhancement of interleukin-1 production by cryopreservation, 137 nasal epithelium, cryopreserved samples, suitability for pharmacological studies of ciliary activity, 591 platelets cryopreservation with propane-l,2-diol, assessment of survival, 130 effects of propane-l,2-diol, analysis, 119 permeation of glycerol and propane-1,2-diol, measurement, 107 Hydrogen bonding interactions between solutes and water and between solute molecules: role of cryoprotective agents in vitrification, 345 Hypothermia effects on contraction of papillary muscles (hedgehog, rabbit, rat), 539 exposed V79 cells, subsequent survival, effects of iron chelation, 452 surface, subsequent long-term brain pathology, effects of 5% CO2, quantitative analysis (dog), 31
Ice crystals formed from nucleation, ultimate size, effect of sample size, 492
devitrification tendency, theoretical prediction: determination of critical warming rates without use of finite expansions, 359 Ice front velocity in redefinition of cooling rate: relevance to freezing injury of lymphocytes (human), 279 Ice nucleation active bacteria, surface properties and size of ice nucleation site, theoretical study (Pseudomonas syringae), 80 in blood of freeze-tolerant frog, analysis, 328 correlation with clustering of ice nucleation proteins (Pseudomonas sp.), 416 probability, as problem in vitrification of large biological systems, effect of sample size, 492 rate, in analysis of devitrification in aqueous solutions of 1,3-butanediol. 378 regulation in freeze-intolerant beetle (Tenebrio molitor), 562 sites, fracture faces and other interfaces as, analysis, 479 Immersion as cryopreservation method, comparison with lowflow perfusion, contribution of 31p NMR spectroscopy (rat heart), 430 Injury cutaneous, freezing-induced, subsequent hair follicle destruction and regeneration, histological study (guinea pig), 153 lymphocytes, freezing-induced, relevance of redefining cooling rate in terms of ice front velocity and thermal gradient (human), 279 Insects beetle (Tenebrio molitor), freeze-intolerant, regulation of supercooling and nucleation, 562 Interleukin-1 production in mononuclear cells, enhancement by cryopreservation (human), 137 Iron chelation effects on survival of V79 cells exposed to hypothermia, 452
Kidney canine and phantom, thawed by microwave radiation, thermographic studies, 311 frozen, structure, effects of cooling rate and glycerol levels, cryo-scanning electron microscopic analysis (rabbit), 301 hypothermic preservation for 48 hours with lowionic-strength solutions, analysis (rabbit), 423
Lactate dehydrogenase freeze denaturation, cryoprotective effects of so-
SUBJECT INDEX dium glutamate and lysine hydrogen chloride, 70 Liposomes encapsulated hemoglobin, freeze-dried, evaluation of dry storage and protective effects of trehalose, 585 Liquid nitrogen submersion, effect on cryopreserved heart valves (human), 605 Liver, see also Hepatocytes cryosurgery, associated process of freezing and mechanism of damage, analysis (rat), 85 Lymphocytes freezing injury, relevance of redefining cooling rate in terms of ice front velocity and thermal gradient (human), 279 Lysine hydrogen chloride cryoprotective effect on freeze denaturation of lactate dehydrogenase, 70 Lysosomes membranes, structural changes during freeze-thawing, fluorescence and EPR spectroscopic studies (rat), 184 M
Media complex, pH, effect on freezing of isolated thylakoid membranes (Spinacia oleracea leaf), 547 culture, see Culture media freezing, various, cryopreservation of Lactobacillus bulgaricus, effect of calcium, 336 Membranes dendritic cells, integrity, preservation and destruction by freezing (human, rat), 269 hepatocytes, integrity and transport, effects of cryopreservation (rat), 143 plasma, see Plasma membranes thylakoid, freezing in complex media, effect of pH (Spinacia oleracea leaf), 547 Metabolism cryoprotectants, and viability studies in cryopreserved hepatocytes (rat), 288 Microwave radiation canine and phantom kidneys thawed by, thermographic studies, 311 thawing of kidney after cryopreservation for 48 hours by low-ionic-strength solutions, evaluation (rabbit), 423 Mitochondria membranes, structural changes during freeze-thawing, fluorescence and EPR spectroscopic studies (rat), 184 Models skin cryopreservation, prognostic viability assay with tetrazolium reductase, evaluation (mouse), 24
703
skin survival, effects of cryobiological variables (mouse), 164 theoretical prediction of devitrification tendency: determination of critical warming rates without use of finite expansions, 359 Mononuclear cells interleukin-1 production, enhancement by cryopreservation (human), 137 Mouse skin cryopreserved, viability, tetrazolium reductase as prognostic indicator, evaluation, 24 survival, effects of cryobiological variables, 164 Muscles papillary contraction, effects of low temperature (hedgehog, rabbit, rat), 539 mechanical restitution in, temperature effects (hedgehog, rabbit, rat), 596 N
Nematodes S t e i n e r n e m a f e l t i a e larvae, cryopreservation, 319 Nitrogen liquid, see Liquid nitrogen Nuclear magnetic resonance 31p, in analysis of comparative cryopreservation by immersion and low-flow perfusion methods (rabbit heart), 430 Nucleation ice, see Ice nucleation
O Obituary Charles Edward Huggins, viii p Pathology brain, long-term, after surface hypothermia, effects of 5% COz, quantitative analysis (dog), 31 Perfusion low-flow, as cryopreservation method, comparison with immersion, contributionof 3~p NMR spectroscopy (rat heart), 430 Permeation glycerol and propane-l,2-diol into platelets, measurement (human), 107 time and temperature, effects on survival of cryopreserved skin in murine model, 164 pH in complex media, effect on freezing of isolated thylakoid membranes (Spinacia oleracea leaf), 547 Plants large-seeded temperate tree species, embryo axes, survival after cryostorage, analysis, 212
704
SUBJECT INDEX
spinach (Spinacia oleracea), isolated leaf thylakoid membranes, freezing in complex media, effect of pH, 547 tissues, viability tests in cold hardiness research, review, 194 Plasma membranes spermatozoal, cold-induced ultrastructural changes, analysis (boar, bovine), 171 Platelets cryopreservation with propane-1,2-diol, assessment of survival (human), 130 effects of propane-1,2-diol (human), 119 permeation of glycerol and propane-l,2-diol, measurement (human), 107 1,2-Propanediol, see Propylene glycol Propylene glycol cryopreservation of platelets, assessment of effectiveness (human), 130 effects on actin filaments during cryopreservation of onecell embryos (rabbit), 9; erratum, 343 platelets (human), 119 permeation into platelets, measurement (human), 107 in vitrification solution, effect on corneas (rabbit), 42 Proteins ice nucleation, clustering, correlation with ice nucleation activity (Pseudomonas sp.), 416 stabilization, and toxicity of cryoprotectants, hypothetical basis, review, 401 synthesis in hepatocytes, effects of cryopreservation (rat), 143
Rabbit cornea, effects of propane-l,2-diol in vitrification solution, 42 kidney frozen, structure, effects of cooling rate and glycerol levels, cryo-scanning electron microscopic analysis, 301 hypothermic preservation for 48 hours with lowionic-strength solutions, analysis, 423 one-cell embryos, actin filaments, effects of cryoprotectants during cryopreservation, 9; erratum, 343 papillary muscles contraction, effects of low temperature, comparison with hedgehog and rat, 539 mechanical restitution in, temperature effects, 596 Rat dendritic ceils, membrane integrity, preservation and destruction by freezing, 269 heart, cryopreservation by immersion and low-flow methods, comparison, contribution of 31p NMR spectroscopy, 430
hepatocytes cryopreserved, drug metabolism and viability studies, 288 hypothermic preservation, effects of Ca and amino acids in culture medium, 1 membrane integrity and transport and protein synthesis, effects of cryopreservation, 143 liver, cryosurgery, associated process of freezing and mechanism of damage, analysis, 85 mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes, structural changes during freeze-thawing, fluorescence and EPR spectroscopic studies, 184 papillary muscles contraction, effects of low temperature, comparison with hedgehog and rabbit, 539 mechanical restitution in, temperature effects, 596 Recovery hematological, after cryopreserved autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute nonlymphoid leukemia patients, effects of chemotherapy before harvesting, 103 Regeneration hair follicles after cutaneous freeze injury (guinea pig), 153 Rewarming times in skin exposed to chilled air, analysis (swine), 189 S Serum, see also Blood fetal bovine, cryoprotective effects on coronary artery endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (dog), 511 Skin cryopreserved, tetrazolium reductase as prognostic indicator of viability (mouse), 24 exposed to chilled air, analysis of freezing times, rewarming times, and lowest temperatures (swine), 189 hair follicles, destruction and regeneration after cutaneous freeze injury (guinea pig), 153 survival, effects of cryobiological variables in mufine model, 164 Sodium glutamate cryoprotective effect on freeze denaturation of lactate dehydrogenase, 70 Solutes hydrogen bonding interactions with water: role of cryoprotective agents in vitrification, 345 stabilizing, modes of interaction with biomolecules: comparison of freezing and dehydration as stress vectors, 219 Solutions low-ionic-strength, HP9 and LIC, hypothermic preservation of kidney for 48 hours, analysis (rabbit), 423 vitrification, see Vitrification solutions Spectroscopy fluorescence and EPR, in analysis of structural
SUBJECT INDEX changes in mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes during freeze-thawing (rat), 184 nuclear magnetic resonance, see Nuclear magnetic resonance Spermatozoa cold-induced ultrastructural changes, analysis (boar, bovine), 171 Stabilization biomolecules during freezing and dehydration, comparison, 219 proteins, and toxicity of cryoprotectants, hypothetical basis, review, 401 Storage dry, liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin, evaluation, 585 Stress freezing and dehydration as vectors, comparison, 219 Supercooling regulation in freeze-intolerant beetle (Tenebrio molitor), 562 Survival embryo axes of large-seeded temperate tree species after cryostorage, analysis, 212 fibroblasts after exposure to hypothermia, effects of iron chelation (Chinese hamster lung), 452 platelets cryopreserved with propane-l,2-diol, assessment (human), 130 skin, effects of cryobiological variables in murine model, 164 Swine skin exposed to chilled air, analysis of freezing times, rewarming times, and lowest temperatures, 189 spermatozoal plasma membranes, cold-induced ultrastructural changes, analysis, 171 T Temperature above-freezing, exposed V79 cells, subsequent apoptosis, analysis, 439 cryogenic, rapid and uniform electromagnetic heating of aqueous cryoprotectant solutions from, 465 effects on mechanical restitution in papillary muscles (hedgehog, rabbit, rat), 596 lowest, in skin exposed to chilled air, analysis (swine), 189 Terbutaline sulfate effect on ciliary activity of fresh and cryopreserved nasal epithelium (human), 591 Tetrazolium reductase as prognostic indicator of skin viability in murine model of skin cryopreservation, evaluation, 24 Thawing by microwave radiation canine and phantom kidneys, thermographic studies, 311
705
rabbit kidney after cryopreservation for 48 hours by low-ionic-strength solutions, evaluation, 423 Thermal gradient in redefinition of cooling rate: relevance to freezing injury of lymphocytes (human), 279 Thermography studies of canine and phantom kidney thawed by microwave radiation, 311 Tissues plant, viability tests in cold hardiness research, review, 194 Toxicity cryoprotectants hypothetical basis, review, 401 and reduction of cryoprotectant toxicity, molecular mechanisms, 247 Transplantation with cryopreserved autologous bone marrow from acute nonlymphoid leukemia patients, hematological recovery, effects of chemotherapy before harvesting, 103 Trehalose protective effects on freeze-dried liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin in dry storage, 585 V Vasorelaxation endothelium-dependent, coronary arteries, retention after cryopreservation (dog), 511 Viability cryopreserved hepatocytes, and drug metabolism studies (rat), 288 cryopreserved skin, tetrazolium reductase as prognostic indicator in murine model, evaluation, 24 tests for plant tissues in cold hardiness research, review, 194 Vitrification large biological systems, physical problems, 492 organized tissues, 483 role of cryoprotective agents, 345 Vitrification solution levo- and dextro-2,3-butanediol and racemic mixture in water, evaluation, 55; erratum, 343 propane-1,2-diol component, effect on corneas (rabbit), 42 related metabolism and viability studies in cryopreserved hepatocytes (rat), 288 W Warming rate critical, determination without use of finite expansions, in theoretical prediction of devitrification tendency, 359 Water hydrogen bonding interactions with solutes: role of cryoprotective agents in vitrification, 345 levo- and dextro-2,3-butanediol and racemic mixture in, evaluation as solutes for vitrification, 55; erratum, 343