- Email: [email protected]
THE M.D. DEGREE OF BRUSSELS.
1037 individual when anaesthetised could not be borne by a conscious individual, and, moreover, there are plenty of cases in which the operation would actually be dangerous by the pain and shock to a conscious person when it is free from danger to the individual skilfully anaesthetised with nitrous oxide or ether. The coroner’s remarks in this case, as well as the case itself, should help to enforce a principle that we have insisted upon before now-viz., that if there is any question of the necessity for chloroform in a dental operation the drug should not be administered without the presence of someone experienced in the use of There is no question that a considerable ansesthetics. number of fatalities would be avoided every year if such a principle were everywhere acted upon. an
-
THE
OUTBREAK OF CHOLERA
IN
SYRIA.
THE details given in our present issue of the epidemic of .cholera in Syria by the British delegate to the Ottoman Board of Health are deserving of serious attention, for it is
M, Morton, the secretary of the hospital, at his office, 7, Fi W. Last year this hospital received a handFitzroy-square, so some donation of 121,000. As regards plague in the Mauritius a telegram from the Governor received at the Colonial Office on Oct. 2nd states G( th that for the week ending Oct. 1st there were 57 cases of br bubonic plague and 37 deaths. As regards the Cape Colony th medical officer of health of the colony states that for the the week ending Sept. 12th the only cases of plague notified W4 WI were 1 at Port Elizabeth and 1 at East London. THE annual dinner of the Association of Public Vaccinators of England and Wales will take place at the Hotel Cecil, S1 Strand, W.O., on Friday, Oct. 23rd, at 7 P.M. Communicaon the subject should be addressed to Mr. Charles ti, tions the organising secretary, at the offices of the G Greenwood, The aF association, 1, Mitre Court-buildings, Temple, E.C. association has now been established for five years. as
evident that although the Egyptian Government was successful in combating cholera when it appeared in Egypt THE King has granted to Dr. F. M. Sandwith His Majesty’s in 1902 yet the progress of the disease was not checked, R Royal licence and authority that he may accept and wear the for notwithstanding every effort to limit its extension the II Insignia of the Third Class of the Order of the Osmanieh, infection was carried into Syria and is there spreading over conferred c( upon him by His Highness the Khedive of Egypt, the greater part of that country. Cholera, as is shown, was authorised ai by His Imperial Majesty the Sultan of Turkey, in not long in reaching Damascus and by August of this year IE recognition of valuable services rendered by him. some 223 deaths were reported. The villages around Damascus soon became infected and from there the disease THE death of Mr. W. J. Walsham, F.R.C.S. Eng., surgeon It has been tc seems to have advanced steadily northwards. to St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, is announced as taking place epidemic at Hama, a town about half-way between on OJ Oct. 5th. Mr. Walsham had been ill for some weeks and Damascus and Aleppo, and as in the vicinity of Damascus so h had only just returned from Wiesbaden, whither he had gone in the neighbourhood of Hama a large number of villages for the benefit of his health. We shall publish an extended are suffering from the disease. The news received from n notice of his career in a future issue. these villages is scanty and intermittent and there is reason to believe that the extension of the disease is greater than is Dr. B. A. Whitelegge, C.B., His Majesty’s Chief Inspector likely to be gathered from occasional telegrams. In many 0of Factories, has been appointed President of the Epidemioinstances, it is stated, the name of a village has only been i logical Society in the place of the late Dr. W. H. Corfield. notified after the disease has been present for weeks and has already caused a high mortality. From Telhab the earliest i announcement was that the mortality from cholera was THE M.D. DEGREE OF BRUSSELS. ten per day, while almost the first notice of cholera in the BY N. LEONARD, M.D.BRUX., M.R.C.S.ENG., village of Rehebe was the announcement of 350 cases with L.R.C.P. LOND. Cholera has not yet reached the town of 310 deaths. it but is in the of that name and has Aleppo vilayet advanced well on its way to Antioch. I HAVE had several letters from members of the profession Tripoli is the only seaport town reported in which the disease haa become vwho are strangers to me asking for particulars as to the epidemic. In August the inhabitants were in a state ofgeneral requirements of the iT.D. Brux. examination. This panic and were leaving the city by land and by sea, so iinduces me to think that a large number of medical men in that there is every probability of the infection being dis- England I are interested in the examination and would be tributed in many directions. Beirut is mentioned as one ofglad to know something of it from one who has been f the places to which the disease has been carried by refugees."through the mill." And, again, the fact that one reads in Besides spreading to the coast the cholera has also traveHe 1 salmost every issue of the medical press complaints against as far as Biredjik, an important town on the Euphrates, tthe English Royal Colleges and other licensing bodies that where it is feared it will have opportunities of extending to ttheir Members and Licentiates are prevented from obtaining t the much coveted title of M.D, influences me to give a résu1llé Armenia on the one side and to Mesopotamia on the other. of the examination which may possibly induce others to f for the Brussels degree and so find a satisfactory enter THE International Sanitary Convention is about to hold a solution to the difficulty. meeting in Paris, the delegates not having met since the In an endeavour to give a lucid description of the convention at Paris in 1897. The British delegates are Mr.
1038 T 4. Medical Jurisprudence.-Drowning and its diagnosis. Hysteria (1) Surgery (theoretical) ; (2) theory of mid- and its relation to kleptomania, &e. and and medical wifery ; (3) public private hygiene ; (4) THIRD PART. Third Part: examinations on Clinical jurisprudence. patients 1. Clinical -4[medicine (held at 8.30 A.M. on Sunday).-Clinical in (1) medicine, (2) surgery, and (3) ophthalmology ; (4) one case being given to each candidate and cases in the practical midwifery examination ; (5) operative surgery exa- questions beingwards, asked of the patient through the medium of the mination ; and (6) regional anatomy, with dissections. Fees interpreter. Plenty of time is given, the candidate not being limited and charges : Matriculation fee, E812s.for the three exa- to ten minutes as at the English Conjoint Board examinations, but a full examination of the patient must be made and candidates must be minations-First Part E48s., Second Part .64 4s., Third Part prepared to discuss the case with the examiner like the commentaries .;64 8s.legalisation of the diploma 8s., making a total of required in the higher examinations of the English universities. 2. Clinical Surgery (at 8 A.M.).-Cases are selected at random from ,22. Examinations take place on the first Tuesday in those waiting to be seen in the surgery. One case is allotted to each November, December, February, May, and June, and usually candidate. The same remarks as applied to the clinical medicine hold last from seven to nine days, so that candidates need not be good for the surgery. 3. OphthalmologY’7Simple clinical cases as mentioned above-e.g., absent from their professional duties longer than 11 days at corneal &c.
Second Part :
ulcer, granular conjunctivitis, 4. Practical KtCt/er
Or the three examinations may be taken separately by those who are unable to be absent from home so long, but in such a case the matriculation fee of yes 12s. must be renewed. According to the printed syllabus the ,examination is conducted in English through the medium of an interpreter, but it will be found that the majority of the examiners speak excellent English, as do most people in Brussels, so that the services of the interpreter are dispensed with through the major portion of the examination. Copies of the printed regulations may be obtained by writing to the University or to Dr. Reeve, 2, Harewood-place, Hanoversquare, London, W. The whole of the theoretical part of the examination is viva voce, each of the vivás in the general subjects lasting from 15 to 20 minutes. In most of them only one question is asked and tne candidate is then expected to " talk " on that subject for the required time. For example, he may be asked to describe a typical case of typhoid fever. The examiner settles down to listen, making no remarks during the course of the candidate’s answer, but merely notifying him at the expiration of his stipulated time that the vava is ended. It is in this main point that the vivd at Brussels differs from that in England, for here the examiner showers - questions on the candidate which require but short answers, often merely "Yes " or " No,"whereas in Brussels one must be prepared to give a kind of lecture by way of reply. As a rule, only general questions are asked, and on topics that the average man in general practice should have a good knowledge of. But some of the vivis-and important ones from the Belgian standpoint-may require considerable reading to prepare for, notably those in pathology and pharmacology, the standard of which at Brussels considerably exceeds that required by the Conjoint Board in London. The viviz in theoretical midwifery is rather different, inasmuch as the examiner does not confine himself to one question but divides his time between embryology and midwifery proper. Considerable stress is laid on the subject of embryology, but one can get up all that is required from the first 90 pages of Galabin’s "Manual of Midwifery." The Third Part of the examination presents some difficulties, particularly to the man who has left his hospital days long behind him, as the regulations require him to be familiar with anatomy and, in addition, to dissect some part.
Legh
city
-
THE
OUTBREAK OF CHOLERA
IN
SYRIA.
THE details given in our present issue of the epidemic of .cholera in Syria by the British delegate to the Ottoman Board of Health are deserving of serious attention, for it is
M, Morton, the secretary of the hospital, at his office, 7, Fi W. Last year this hospital received a handFitzroy-square, so some donation of 121,000. As regards plague in the Mauritius a telegram from the Governor received at the Colonial Office on Oct. 2nd states G( th that for the week ending Oct. 1st there were 57 cases of br bubonic plague and 37 deaths. As regards the Cape Colony th medical officer of health of the colony states that for the the week ending Sept. 12th the only cases of plague notified W4 WI were 1 at Port Elizabeth and 1 at East London. THE annual dinner of the Association of Public Vaccinators of England and Wales will take place at the Hotel Cecil, S1 Strand, W.O., on Friday, Oct. 23rd, at 7 P.M. Communicaon the subject should be addressed to Mr. Charles ti, tions the organising secretary, at the offices of the G Greenwood, The aF association, 1, Mitre Court-buildings, Temple, E.C. association has now been established for five years. as
evident that although the Egyptian Government was successful in combating cholera when it appeared in Egypt THE King has granted to Dr. F. M. Sandwith His Majesty’s in 1902 yet the progress of the disease was not checked, R Royal licence and authority that he may accept and wear the for notwithstanding every effort to limit its extension the II Insignia of the Third Class of the Order of the Osmanieh, infection was carried into Syria and is there spreading over conferred c( upon him by His Highness the Khedive of Egypt, the greater part of that country. Cholera, as is shown, was authorised ai by His Imperial Majesty the Sultan of Turkey, in not long in reaching Damascus and by August of this year IE recognition of valuable services rendered by him. some 223 deaths were reported. The villages around Damascus soon became infected and from there the disease THE death of Mr. W. J. Walsham, F.R.C.S. Eng., surgeon It has been tc seems to have advanced steadily northwards. to St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, is announced as taking place epidemic at Hama, a town about half-way between on OJ Oct. 5th. Mr. Walsham had been ill for some weeks and Damascus and Aleppo, and as in the vicinity of Damascus so h had only just returned from Wiesbaden, whither he had gone in the neighbourhood of Hama a large number of villages for the benefit of his health. We shall publish an extended are suffering from the disease. The news received from n notice of his career in a future issue. these villages is scanty and intermittent and there is reason to believe that the extension of the disease is greater than is Dr. B. A. Whitelegge, C.B., His Majesty’s Chief Inspector likely to be gathered from occasional telegrams. In many 0of Factories, has been appointed President of the Epidemioinstances, it is stated, the name of a village has only been i logical Society in the place of the late Dr. W. H. Corfield. notified after the disease has been present for weeks and has already caused a high mortality. From Telhab the earliest i announcement was that the mortality from cholera was THE M.D. DEGREE OF BRUSSELS. ten per day, while almost the first notice of cholera in the BY N. LEONARD, M.D.BRUX., M.R.C.S.ENG., village of Rehebe was the announcement of 350 cases with L.R.C.P. LOND. Cholera has not yet reached the town of 310 deaths. it but is in the of that name and has Aleppo vilayet advanced well on its way to Antioch. I HAVE had several letters from members of the profession Tripoli is the only seaport town reported in which the disease haa become vwho are strangers to me asking for particulars as to the epidemic. In August the inhabitants were in a state ofgeneral requirements of the iT.D. Brux. examination. This panic and were leaving the city by land and by sea, so iinduces me to think that a large number of medical men in that there is every probability of the infection being dis- England I are interested in the examination and would be tributed in many directions. Beirut is mentioned as one ofglad to know something of it from one who has been f the places to which the disease has been carried by refugees."through the mill." And, again, the fact that one reads in Besides spreading to the coast the cholera has also traveHe 1 salmost every issue of the medical press complaints against as far as Biredjik, an important town on the Euphrates, tthe English Royal Colleges and other licensing bodies that where it is feared it will have opportunities of extending to ttheir Members and Licentiates are prevented from obtaining t the much coveted title of M.D, influences me to give a résu1llé Armenia on the one side and to Mesopotamia on the other. of the examination which may possibly induce others to f for the Brussels degree and so find a satisfactory enter THE International Sanitary Convention is about to hold a solution to the difficulty. meeting in Paris, the delegates not having met since the In an endeavour to give a lucid description of the convention at Paris in 1897. The British delegates are Mr.
1038 T 4. Medical Jurisprudence.-Drowning and its diagnosis. Hysteria (1) Surgery (theoretical) ; (2) theory of mid- and its relation to kleptomania, &e. and and medical wifery ; (3) public private hygiene ; (4) THIRD PART. Third Part: examinations on Clinical jurisprudence. patients 1. Clinical -4[medicine (held at 8.30 A.M. on Sunday).-Clinical in (1) medicine, (2) surgery, and (3) ophthalmology ; (4) one case being given to each candidate and cases in the practical midwifery examination ; (5) operative surgery exa- questions beingwards, asked of the patient through the medium of the mination ; and (6) regional anatomy, with dissections. Fees interpreter. Plenty of time is given, the candidate not being limited and charges : Matriculation fee, E812s.for the three exa- to ten minutes as at the English Conjoint Board examinations, but a full examination of the patient must be made and candidates must be minations-First Part E48s., Second Part .64 4s., Third Part prepared to discuss the case with the examiner like the commentaries .;64 8s.legalisation of the diploma 8s., making a total of required in the higher examinations of the English universities. 2. Clinical Surgery (at 8 A.M.).-Cases are selected at random from ,22. Examinations take place on the first Tuesday in those waiting to be seen in the surgery. One case is allotted to each November, December, February, May, and June, and usually candidate. The same remarks as applied to the clinical medicine hold last from seven to nine days, so that candidates need not be good for the surgery. 3. OphthalmologY’7Simple clinical cases as mentioned above-e.g., absent from their professional duties longer than 11 days at corneal &c.
Second Part :
ulcer, granular conjunctivitis, 4. Practical KtCt/er
Or the three examinations may be taken separately by those who are unable to be absent from home so long, but in such a case the matriculation fee of yes 12s. must be renewed. According to the printed syllabus the ,examination is conducted in English through the medium of an interpreter, but it will be found that the majority of the examiners speak excellent English, as do most people in Brussels, so that the services of the interpreter are dispensed with through the major portion of the examination. Copies of the printed regulations may be obtained by writing to the University or to Dr. Reeve, 2, Harewood-place, Hanoversquare, London, W. The whole of the theoretical part of the examination is viva voce, each of the vivás in the general subjects lasting from 15 to 20 minutes. In most of them only one question is asked and tne candidate is then expected to " talk " on that subject for the required time. For example, he may be asked to describe a typical case of typhoid fever. The examiner settles down to listen, making no remarks during the course of the candidate’s answer, but merely notifying him at the expiration of his stipulated time that the vava is ended. It is in this main point that the vivd at Brussels differs from that in England, for here the examiner showers - questions on the candidate which require but short answers, often merely "Yes " or " No,"whereas in Brussels one must be prepared to give a kind of lecture by way of reply. As a rule, only general questions are asked, and on topics that the average man in general practice should have a good knowledge of. But some of the vivis-and important ones from the Belgian standpoint-may require considerable reading to prepare for, notably those in pathology and pharmacology, the standard of which at Brussels considerably exceeds that required by the Conjoint Board in London. The viviz in theoretical midwifery is rather different, inasmuch as the examiner does not confine himself to one question but divides his time between embryology and midwifery proper. Considerable stress is laid on the subject of embryology, but one can get up all that is required from the first 90 pages of Galabin’s "Manual of Midwifery." The Third Part of the examination presents some difficulties, particularly to the man who has left his hospital days long behind him, as the regulations require him to be familiar with anatomy and, in addition, to dissect some part.
Legh
city