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Tunnelling experiences with NATM in soft rock
$5A
The study allows the verification of the impc~tahoe of the loading of the lining of a tunnel constructed in weak rock (moraine). Measured results confirm the orders of magnitude of settlements proposed by several theories. A relationship between surface settlement anl the height of the overburden is proposed. 832101 MIGUEL HIDalGO ~ C U I A / q TLrNNEL Padilla, E; Zambrano, H Proc 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981, Vl, 1=335-339. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1981 A case study of a 750m long tunnel built in GuadalaJara, Mexico, through pumice sand deposits. The main problem was alignment of the tunnel axis very close to important historical buildings. The design used was a rectangular tunnel with walls formed by adjacent cast in situ piles. Continuous monitaring of ground behavio~r was carried out during construction ani results compared with theoretical predictions. The design was considered successful as very little movement of nearby structures occurred.
832102 INVESTIGATING
RESIDUAL METAMORFHICS FOR TUNNELS Peck, R B Proc 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics a~d Fourdation E~61neering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981, Vl, P3~I-34A. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1981
Deeply weathered metamarphic rocks underlie mar~ US cities. The transition zone between residual soils and rock often occurs at the depths where subway tunnels must be located. Adequate technical description of the highly variable transitional materials requires not only the traditional al~roaches of soil and rock mechanics but also qualitative descriptions in which the behaviour of the material under the action of excavating tools is Judged and described. Auth. 832103 E/PERIENCE GAINED ~HROUGH TUNNEL INSTRUMENTATION Pe~ez Saiz, A; Garami, J; Arcones, A Proc 10th International Conference on Soll Mechanics anl Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981, V1, P3~5-352. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Ba]_ke~a, 1981 A description of data collected during the construction of an urban tunnel is given. The instrumented sections consist of twin tunnels of 5.60m diameter, built by use of shields of different types and precast reinforced concrete lining. The shape of the deflected ground surface on a ~ransverse section and its time evolution is analyzed. Recorded measurements permit evaluation of the movements produced by the construction of each of the tunnels. A reference to the influence of construction method, grouni conditions, and water level is made. Fir~lly, a comparison between measured magnitudes amd the theoretical ones, calculated by different methods, is made. The distortion of the lining due to pressure loads and other effects is measured on instrumented rings inside the tunnel.
The design of tunnel linings including the effects of the actual shear stresses at the interface between ground and lining can be expected to diffe~ very significantly from m ~ e crude approaches. A set of simplified constitutive laws based on experimental evidence ere ]~oposed to model the interface l~av~o~r. The results of a finite element analysis of a tunr~l excavated in a stratified rock mass ard subjected to internal pressure are presented. Auth.
832105 FACE
STABILITY AND GROUND SETTLEMENT IN SHIELD TUNNELING Romo, M P; Diaz, C M Proc 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics ar£1 Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981, VI, P357-360. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1961 The paper deals with the problem of tunnel face stability and ground settlements induced by face yielding. Through numerical simulation a failure mechanism due to tunnel face collapse was devised, stud a relationship between safety factor, stability ratio and grottr,~ settlement caused by face yielding developed.
832106 ~ N T ABOVE AIR-PRESSURE CONSTRUCTED TUNNELS IN S09~ SOILS Rozsa, L Proc 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Emgineerimg, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981, Vl, ~361-36~. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1981 Surface settlement always occurs a b ~ %ummelm constructed in soft soils. The tunnels below the water table in soft soils ere usually constructed under air pressure. Part of the settlement occurs during the construc%iom time mind the rest after the removal of the air pressure. The settlement associated with removal of the air pressure is mare significant. 832107 TUNN~T ING EXPERIENCES WITH NATM IN SOFT ROCK Wagner, H P~oc lOth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Emgineerlr~, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981, Vl, P365-371. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. ~Ikema, 19@1 A case study of the Garmstein Tunnel, Austria, driven through soft rocks: quartzite-mylonite zones. It was soon apparent that advancement of the tunnel using the New Austrian Turmellirg Method required additional ground improvement measures. Based on cost estimates, a method of systematic over-roofing a~i controlled invert completion was selected in preference to a bolting system.
Power plants See: 832108
In-situ stresses and stress around underground openings 832108 ROCEBURSTS
832104 SOME CONSIDERATIONS FOR TUNNEL DESIGN Rodriguez Roa, F Proc 10th International Conference on Soil ~echanlcs and Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981, Vl, F353-356. Publ Rotterda~" A. A. Balkemaj I ~ I
IMPERIL CONSTRUCTION OF NORWAY'S LARGEST UNDERGROUND IA~WER STATION Martin, D Tumn T u r ~ , VI4, NIO, Nov 1982, P23-25
The study allows the verification of the impc~tahoe of the loading of the lining of a tunnel constructed in weak rock (moraine). Measured results confirm the orders of magnitude of settlements proposed by several theories. A relationship between surface settlement anl the height of the overburden is proposed. 832101 MIGUEL HIDalGO ~ C U I A / q TLrNNEL Padilla, E; Zambrano, H Proc 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981, Vl, 1=335-339. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1981 A case study of a 750m long tunnel built in GuadalaJara, Mexico, through pumice sand deposits. The main problem was alignment of the tunnel axis very close to important historical buildings. The design used was a rectangular tunnel with walls formed by adjacent cast in situ piles. Continuous monitaring of ground behavio~r was carried out during construction ani results compared with theoretical predictions. The design was considered successful as very little movement of nearby structures occurred.
832102 INVESTIGATING
RESIDUAL METAMORFHICS FOR TUNNELS Peck, R B Proc 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics a~d Fourdation E~61neering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981, Vl, P3~I-34A. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1981
Deeply weathered metamarphic rocks underlie mar~ US cities. The transition zone between residual soils and rock often occurs at the depths where subway tunnels must be located. Adequate technical description of the highly variable transitional materials requires not only the traditional al~roaches of soil and rock mechanics but also qualitative descriptions in which the behaviour of the material under the action of excavating tools is Judged and described. Auth. 832103 E/PERIENCE GAINED ~HROUGH TUNNEL INSTRUMENTATION Pe~ez Saiz, A; Garami, J; Arcones, A Proc 10th International Conference on Soll Mechanics anl Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981, V1, P3~5-352. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Ba]_ke~a, 1981 A description of data collected during the construction of an urban tunnel is given. The instrumented sections consist of twin tunnels of 5.60m diameter, built by use of shields of different types and precast reinforced concrete lining. The shape of the deflected ground surface on a ~ransverse section and its time evolution is analyzed. Recorded measurements permit evaluation of the movements produced by the construction of each of the tunnels. A reference to the influence of construction method, grouni conditions, and water level is made. Fir~lly, a comparison between measured magnitudes amd the theoretical ones, calculated by different methods, is made. The distortion of the lining due to pressure loads and other effects is measured on instrumented rings inside the tunnel.
The design of tunnel linings including the effects of the actual shear stresses at the interface between ground and lining can be expected to diffe~ very significantly from m ~ e crude approaches. A set of simplified constitutive laws based on experimental evidence ere ]~oposed to model the interface l~av~o~r. The results of a finite element analysis of a tunr~l excavated in a stratified rock mass ard subjected to internal pressure are presented. Auth.
832105 FACE
STABILITY AND GROUND SETTLEMENT IN SHIELD TUNNELING Romo, M P; Diaz, C M Proc 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics ar£1 Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981, VI, P357-360. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1961 The paper deals with the problem of tunnel face stability and ground settlements induced by face yielding. Through numerical simulation a failure mechanism due to tunnel face collapse was devised, stud a relationship between safety factor, stability ratio and grottr,~ settlement caused by face yielding developed.
832106 ~ N T ABOVE AIR-PRESSURE CONSTRUCTED TUNNELS IN S09~ SOILS Rozsa, L Proc 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Emgineerimg, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981, Vl, ~361-36~. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1981 Surface settlement always occurs a b ~ %ummelm constructed in soft soils. The tunnels below the water table in soft soils ere usually constructed under air pressure. Part of the settlement occurs during the construc%iom time mind the rest after the removal of the air pressure. The settlement associated with removal of the air pressure is mare significant. 832107 TUNN~T ING EXPERIENCES WITH NATM IN SOFT ROCK Wagner, H P~oc lOth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Emgineerlr~, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981, Vl, P365-371. Publ Rotterdam: A. A. ~Ikema, 19@1 A case study of the Garmstein Tunnel, Austria, driven through soft rocks: quartzite-mylonite zones. It was soon apparent that advancement of the tunnel using the New Austrian Turmellirg Method required additional ground improvement measures. Based on cost estimates, a method of systematic over-roofing a~i controlled invert completion was selected in preference to a bolting system.
Power plants See: 832108
In-situ stresses and stress around underground openings 832108 ROCEBURSTS
832104 SOME CONSIDERATIONS FOR TUNNEL DESIGN Rodriguez Roa, F Proc 10th International Conference on Soil ~echanlcs and Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, 15-19 June 1981, Vl, F353-356. Publ Rotterda~" A. A. Balkemaj I ~ I
IMPERIL CONSTRUCTION OF NORWAY'S LARGEST UNDERGROUND IA~WER STATION Martin, D Tumn T u r ~ , VI4, NIO, Nov 1982, P23-25