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Soil mechanics aspects of soft ground tunnelling
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823098 SOIL MECHANICS ASPECTS OF SOFT GROUND TUNN~.~.TNG Atkinson, J H; Malt, R J Groumd Emgng, VI4, ~ , July 1961, P20-26, 38 The stresses ar~ pore pressures in s ~ ground due to tur~*111ng ard the faeries which determine whether a particular tunnelling operation may be taken as drained or undrained are considered. Calculations for estimating the stsbili~y of the tunnel and its heading add the settl~nents caused by tux-~lllng are discussed.
823o99 CONC~,~]AL
~ AS A LI~K ~ ROCK MECHANICS THEORY AND PRACTICE: A GENERAL APPROACH WITH A PARTICULAR APPLICATION TO TUNNELING Starfleld, A M; Detournay, E Proc 22nd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Cambridge, Mass~ 29 June-2 July 1961, P396~01. Pt~l Css~rldge, Mass: MIT, 1961 Discusses the use of conceptual models ar~ presents a set of 5 models which could be applied to tunnel design: (i) a tunnel in a massive rock with few Joints, (2) excavation which leads to rock failure, (3) a tunnel driven in a low cohesion rock mass, (4) a tunnel driven in a blocky rock mass, amd (5) a tunny_! driven in swelling rock. It is suggested how field data can be used to choose between the models. The use of conceptual models in the design phase is then illustrated.
Presents a ~roposed emgineerlng apprcech to tumnel design based on practical amd theoretical experiemce. The al~roach follows the following sequence: (I) assessment of geotech~ical cor~Litions, including natural stresses, (2) development of a structural model as the basis of the tummel design, (3) determlmatlon of rock loads acting on the tunnel supping, (4) design of' the tunnel section, (5) derlvation of the tunnel speciflcations from the above, amd (6) reassessment of design and c ~ o n criteria tD allow for possible c h a ~ c o a l i t i o n s d~ring construction.
823104 NEW CONCEPT TO EVALUR~E T U M ~ L ~
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INFLUENCE OF EXCAVATION PROCEDURE
Kalse~, P K Proc 22-4 US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Cambridge, Mass, 29 J~e-2 July 1961, P264-2TI. Pt~l Cambridge, Mass: MIT, 1961 An equivalent stiffness concept is introduced. Using this method it is possible to reduce the design of t m ~ e l s in yielding g r c ~ or groumd with time-dependent properties to the evaluation c~ an opening in an elastic medium if the equivalent parameters man be determined. The influence uf various elements of excavation procedure are discussed by the use of this new concept and by ccmparlson with measurements from the Kielder Experimental Tunnel. The effects of excavation on deformation modulus and rock mass stremgth are discussed.
823100 PIPES GIVE EUROPEAN T ~ T ~ R S
A JACK-UP Andrews, W Tumn Tunnlg, VI4, NI, Jan-Feb 1962, P20-21
Use of pipe Jacking techniques in Europe is illustrated with brief case studies. 823101 TAJO-SEGURA IRRIGATION TUNNEL WIIL ~RING RELIEF TO SOUTH EAST SPAIN Richards, R Turin Tumnlg, VI4, NI, Jan-Feb 1962, P31-33 A case study of the Talave Tunnel, part of the TaJo-Segura irrigation scheme, Spain, driven through very varied and highly faulted strata. The middle section of the tunnel was mainly through chalk marls mixed with clays, which presented support problems, and large quantities of grour~lwater were present with rock and water bursts due to overburden. 823102 PUBLIC SECTOR R AND D DEPLOYMENT STRATEGIES Butler, G L; Saulnier, G R Proc 22rd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Cambridge, Mass, 29 J u D ~ 2 July 1961, P~75-~81. Publ Cambridge, Mass: MIT, 1961 Deployment, ie the transfer of research results into practice, is discussed generally, but with emphasis on the policies of the Urban Mass Translx~rtation Administration. Deployment strategies for 3 projects are discussed: (i) precast concrete tunnel liners, (2) New Austrian Turmelling Method, arn (3) an extruded tumnel lining system. 823103 CC~qDMISE APPROACH TO TUNNEL DESIGN John, K W; Banderztistel, M Proc 22nd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Cambridge, Mass, 2 9 June-2 July 1961, P313-321. Publ Cambridge, Mass, MIT, 1981
a.M.N.S, lg/S--~
823105 ~;NN~ING UNDER EXTREME ROCK PRESSURES AT THE LCKTAK PROJECT Golser, J; Mueller, P J; Mussger, K Proc 22rd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Cambridge, Mass, 29 June-2 July 1961, P299-304. Publ Cambridge, Mass: MIT, 1961 Presents a case history for a tunnel at the Loktak Hydro Project, India. High pressure exerting rock caused buckling of the steel suplxrts initially used. The New Austrian Tunnelling Method was then chosen as a solution, with a modified tunnel cross section, and support methods used were mainly shotcrete and rock bolts. 823106 UNITUNNEL S Y ~ Ground Engng; VI4, N6, Sept 1961, P50-54 The Unitunnel system of tunnelling through soft ground is described. Advantages of this method include: no overbreak, work is carried out inside the lining amd risk of settlement is reduced. system was used on a pilot project at Slimbridge, Gloucestershlre~ ~ , and is to be used for construe tion of a sewer in London, UK.
8231o7 DRIVING OF ~ T M O TUNNELS AT HELSINKI WITH THE AID OF GROUND FREEZING Vucrela, M; Eronen, T Engmg Geol, VI8, N1-4, Dec 1981, P377-384 (Paper to 2nd International Symposium on Ground Freezing, Trondheim, 24-26 June 1980 ) Presents a case study of the drivlmg of two 6.5m diameter metro tunnels through saturated soll with the aid of horizontal freezlr~, in Helslnki, Finland. Because of groundwater pressure the hcrlzontal freeze holes were drilled with sealed casings. A 2.5m thick ice wall in sand and mc~alne was developed durlmg a freezing period of 55 days. The tunnel bores were excavated by cautious drilling and blastlr~, and permanent tunnel lining of cast iron segments was installed.
823098 SOIL MECHANICS ASPECTS OF SOFT GROUND TUNN~.~.TNG Atkinson, J H; Malt, R J Groumd Emgng, VI4, ~ , July 1961, P20-26, 38 The stresses ar~ pore pressures in s ~ ground due to tur~*111ng ard the faeries which determine whether a particular tunnelling operation may be taken as drained or undrained are considered. Calculations for estimating the stsbili~y of the tunnel and its heading add the settl~nents caused by tux-~lllng are discussed.
823o99 CONC~,~]AL
~ AS A LI~K ~ ROCK MECHANICS THEORY AND PRACTICE: A GENERAL APPROACH WITH A PARTICULAR APPLICATION TO TUNNELING Starfleld, A M; Detournay, E Proc 22nd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Cambridge, Mass~ 29 June-2 July 1961, P396~01. Pt~l Css~rldge, Mass: MIT, 1961 Discusses the use of conceptual models ar~ presents a set of 5 models which could be applied to tunnel design: (i) a tunnel in a massive rock with few Joints, (2) excavation which leads to rock failure, (3) a tunnel driven in a low cohesion rock mass, (4) a tunnel driven in a blocky rock mass, amd (5) a tunny_! driven in swelling rock. It is suggested how field data can be used to choose between the models. The use of conceptual models in the design phase is then illustrated.
Presents a ~roposed emgineerlng apprcech to tumnel design based on practical amd theoretical experiemce. The al~roach follows the following sequence: (I) assessment of geotech~ical cor~Litions, including natural stresses, (2) development of a structural model as the basis of the tummel design, (3) determlmatlon of rock loads acting on the tunnel supping, (4) design of' the tunnel section, (5) derlvation of the tunnel speciflcations from the above, amd (6) reassessment of design and c ~ o n criteria tD allow for possible c h a ~ c o a l i t i o n s d~ring construction.
823104 NEW CONCEPT TO EVALUR~E T U M ~ L ~
-
INFLUENCE OF EXCAVATION PROCEDURE
Kalse~, P K Proc 22-4 US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Cambridge, Mass, 29 J~e-2 July 1961, P264-2TI. Pt~l Cambridge, Mass: MIT, 1961 An equivalent stiffness concept is introduced. Using this method it is possible to reduce the design of t m ~ e l s in yielding g r c ~ or groumd with time-dependent properties to the evaluation c~ an opening in an elastic medium if the equivalent parameters man be determined. The influence uf various elements of excavation procedure are discussed by the use of this new concept and by ccmparlson with measurements from the Kielder Experimental Tunnel. The effects of excavation on deformation modulus and rock mass stremgth are discussed.
823100 PIPES GIVE EUROPEAN T ~ T ~ R S
A JACK-UP Andrews, W Tumn Tunnlg, VI4, NI, Jan-Feb 1962, P20-21
Use of pipe Jacking techniques in Europe is illustrated with brief case studies. 823101 TAJO-SEGURA IRRIGATION TUNNEL WIIL ~RING RELIEF TO SOUTH EAST SPAIN Richards, R Turin Tumnlg, VI4, NI, Jan-Feb 1962, P31-33 A case study of the Talave Tunnel, part of the TaJo-Segura irrigation scheme, Spain, driven through very varied and highly faulted strata. The middle section of the tunnel was mainly through chalk marls mixed with clays, which presented support problems, and large quantities of grour~lwater were present with rock and water bursts due to overburden. 823102 PUBLIC SECTOR R AND D DEPLOYMENT STRATEGIES Butler, G L; Saulnier, G R Proc 22rd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Cambridge, Mass, 29 J u D ~ 2 July 1961, P~75-~81. Publ Cambridge, Mass: MIT, 1961 Deployment, ie the transfer of research results into practice, is discussed generally, but with emphasis on the policies of the Urban Mass Translx~rtation Administration. Deployment strategies for 3 projects are discussed: (i) precast concrete tunnel liners, (2) New Austrian Turmelling Method, arn (3) an extruded tumnel lining system. 823103 CC~qDMISE APPROACH TO TUNNEL DESIGN John, K W; Banderztistel, M Proc 22nd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Cambridge, Mass, 2 9 June-2 July 1961, P313-321. Publ Cambridge, Mass, MIT, 1981
a.M.N.S, lg/S--~
823105 ~;NN~ING UNDER EXTREME ROCK PRESSURES AT THE LCKTAK PROJECT Golser, J; Mueller, P J; Mussger, K Proc 22rd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Cambridge, Mass, 29 June-2 July 1961, P299-304. Publ Cambridge, Mass: MIT, 1961 Presents a case history for a tunnel at the Loktak Hydro Project, India. High pressure exerting rock caused buckling of the steel suplxrts initially used. The New Austrian Tunnelling Method was then chosen as a solution, with a modified tunnel cross section, and support methods used were mainly shotcrete and rock bolts. 823106 UNITUNNEL S Y ~ Ground Engng; VI4, N6, Sept 1961, P50-54 The Unitunnel system of tunnelling through soft ground is described. Advantages of this method include: no overbreak, work is carried out inside the lining amd risk of settlement is reduced. system was used on a pilot project at Slimbridge, Gloucestershlre~ ~ , and is to be used for construe tion of a sewer in London, UK.
8231o7 DRIVING OF ~ T M O TUNNELS AT HELSINKI WITH THE AID OF GROUND FREEZING Vucrela, M; Eronen, T Engmg Geol, VI8, N1-4, Dec 1981, P377-384 (Paper to 2nd International Symposium on Ground Freezing, Trondheim, 24-26 June 1980 ) Presents a case study of the drivlmg of two 6.5m diameter metro tunnels through saturated soll with the aid of horizontal freezlr~, in Helslnki, Finland. Because of groundwater pressure the hcrlzontal freeze holes were drilled with sealed casings. A 2.5m thick ice wall in sand and mc~alne was developed durlmg a freezing period of 55 days. The tunnel bores were excavated by cautious drilling and blastlr~, and permanent tunnel lining of cast iron segments was installed.