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TV inspection of welded joints and heat-affected zone in pipes from austenitic alloys
N DT Abstracts 50201 Katoh, Y.; Okumura, T.; ltoga, K.; Harada, T.; Sugimoto, K.; Michiba, K.; Kawano, S. Development of the automatic system for radiographic film interpretation (II) (The automatic identification of kinds of weld defects) (In Japanese: English Abstract)
in real time during welding. The feasibility of using real-time radiography for in-process welding and weld quality control has been studied. Information on weld penetration and pool depression extracted from real-time radiographic images and supplemented by other sensor data on weld current and voltage was used for weld quality and welding process control. The major difference from other methods of welding process control is that the closed-loop radiographic control is based on information directly related to weld quality and weld penetration.
Journal of JSNDI, Vol, 41, No. 4, pp. 196-206. (Apr. 1992) Digital image processing and artificial intelligence technologies are applied to the radiographic inspection of weld joint. In this paper, the method of categorization of weld defects is introduced. The senior inspectors often use the specific knowledge acquired from their experiments for the identification weld defects in testing. In this study, two methods are used in conjunction for the categorization of weld defects. One of them is based on the data base of the defect's feature, and the other is based on the knowledge base acquired from imerviews with inspectors. It is shown that the results inferred by the expert system compare very well with the inspectors' judgements, and weld defects identification ought to be inferred by using the knowledge obtained from those other than films as well as those obtained directly from a film.
Shablov,S.V.; Kapustin, V.I.; Nazaruk, V.B. Electrographic inspection of the root p a r t of welded j o i n t s in steam turbines in the hot state 49214
Soviet Journal of Nondestructive Testing, Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 413-419 (Feb. 1992) The authors examined the special features of formation of the radiation image under the simultaneous effect on the film of temperature and ionizing radiation with subsequent application of the process of enhancing the optical density of photographs by silver dispersion. The results are used to determine the technological parameters of radiographic inspection of the root part of welded joints in steam turbines in the hot state at which the film retains its physicomechanical and sensitometric properties.
50198 Kato, Y.; Okumura, 7'.; Matsui, S.; ltoga, K.; Harada, T.; Sugimoto, K.; Michiba, K.; luchi, S.; Kawano, S. Development of an automatic weld defect identification system for radiographic testing
Udralov, Y.I. Calculation of the parameters of radiographic quality control of annular welded joints of cylindrical and spherical hollow objects 48463
Welding in the World, Vol. 3(3, No. 7-8, pp. 182-188 (1992) The authors have developed a computer-aided radiographic inspection system for X-ray testing of a wehi joint using digital image processing. In this report, a technique is introduced distinguishing a specific weld defect from others in the radiographic image of a weld joint, which is one of the principal functions of this system. In identifying defects, inspectors do not always follow the same procedure but use various kinds of knowledge obtained from elsewhere than films. Therefore it is very difficult to express the process of defect identification by a procedure-oriented programming language. In this study, experience and knowledge are extracted through interviews with inspectors at first, and then the identification method using artificial intelligence technology is proposed. Although the final goal of this work is the development of a fully automated radiographic inspection system, this paper describes the first stage in which a trial has been made to categorize defects and classify films.
Soviet Journal of Nondestructive Testing, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 214-219 (Nov. 1991) The article examines the derivation of the formulas of GOST 7512-82 used in radiographic quality control of annular welded joints of cylindrical and spherical hollow objects for determining the distance between the radiation source and the inspected welded joint, and the number of exposures necessary for 100% inspection of these joints. The article also examines the possibility of transforming these formulas to a form more convenient for practice.
Sugita, Y.; Onda, K.; luchi, S.; Itoga, K.; Harada, T.; Sugimoto, K.; Michiba, K. Development of computer-aided radiographic inspection system (II): method of identification and categorization of welded defects
48205
Vanek,J.; Gross, E. X-ray/TV inspection of welded joints and heat-affected zone in pipes from austenitic alloys
49702
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on NDE in the Nuclear and Pressure Vessel Industries, Glasgow (Scotland), 11-14 Jun. 1990. pp. 693-699. Edited by M.J. Whittle, J.E. Doherty and K. Iida. ASM International, (1990) Digital image processing and artificial intelligence technologies are applied for the radiographic inspection of welded joints. Major developments of the image processing are described in detail. They include the methods of evaluating penetrameter sensitivity, enhancement and extraction of cracks as well as volumetric and other planar defects, and eliminating non-relevant indications extracted together with images of real defects. Also described is the method of categorizing weld defects using expert system, especially how to acquire rules to be used for the expert system. By applying these technologies jointly, the computer-aided radiographic inspection system equivalent to a human inspector can be built.
BISI-Trans-27898, 8 pp. (1991) An X-rayfI'V system is tested for application as a tool to inspect welded joints and HAZ on austenitic alloy pipes in the Laboratory of Defectoscopy in the Kralovopolska Engineering Works, Brno, Czechoslovakia. Radioscopic inspection systems am briefly reviewed and requirements for image quality and technical solutions are specified.
Amir, A.A.; Zaccone, M.A. lnspectability of fillet welds on d i v e r t e r panels on an advanced missile fuel t a n k 49475
NDE - The Vehicle to the Future, Orlando, Florida (United States), 30 Mar. - 3 Apr. 1992. pp. 188-191. ASNT (1992) This paper reviews the inspect!ion requirements and overall methods by which fillet welds are inspected using radiographic techniques. These procedures were applied to the inspection of the diverter panels on an advanced missile fuel tank. The diverter welds contain double fillet welds, with both obtuse and acute angles, which were difficult to inspect for penetration at the roots of the welds. The remainder of the weld contains single obtuse fillet welds which are inspectable by X-ray. With extra exposures and setups the obtuse artgle weld of the double fillet weld can be inspected by X-ray.
Guu, A.C.; Rokhlin, S.I. Real-time radiographic investigation of weld pool depression
48201
Guu, A.C. Study of weld pool f o r m a t k m by real-time r a d i o g r a p h y with application for sensing and control of arc welding
49218
Dissertation Abstracts Internal:ional, Vol. 52, No. 6, pp. 2740-B2741-B (Nov. 1991) (DA9130482). Simultaneous measurements of the welding pool depression, using realtime radiography, and the arc force, using a force sensor, were performed to study the nonlinear arc-pool interaction. Experimental relations between welding current, arc force, pool depression, and weld penetration were established. The distributions of the surface tension and gravitational pressures were calculated from experimental data on pool surface geometry and surface tension and density. The importance of weld pool depression to weld penetration has been established. The dynamic arc-pool interaction and the growth and subsequent collapse of the depressed pool surface were quantitatively investigated during welding. Porosity formation was observed
185
Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, La Jolla, California (United States), 15-20 Jul. 1990. Vol. 10B, pp. 2209-2216. Edited by D.O. Thompson and D.E. Chimenti. Plenum Press (1991). ISBN 0-306-43903-4 Real-time radiography has been utilized by us previously as a vision system in remote arc welding process monitoring. In this paper, integration of weld quality control with welding process control is achieved by the use of in-progress radiographic information on the depression of the butt-joint welding pool and the weld properties in the solidified areas. During the welding process the welding conditions are automatically controlled to maintain the required pool depression and hence weld penetration. Simultaneously butt-joint weld penetration in the solidified weld was inspected extracting information from real-time radiographic images in the area of the welding path behind the liquid pool. This information was also used in feedback for weld process control. Bun-joint weld quality maintenance and penetration control was demonstrated.
Nuding, W.; Grimm, R.; Link, R.; Schroder, P. Welding and X-ray radioscopy
47973
British Journal of Non-Destructive Testing, Vol. 33, No. 12, pp. 606- 609 (Dec. 1991)
in real time during welding. The feasibility of using real-time radiography for in-process welding and weld quality control has been studied. Information on weld penetration and pool depression extracted from real-time radiographic images and supplemented by other sensor data on weld current and voltage was used for weld quality and welding process control. The major difference from other methods of welding process control is that the closed-loop radiographic control is based on information directly related to weld quality and weld penetration.
Journal of JSNDI, Vol, 41, No. 4, pp. 196-206. (Apr. 1992) Digital image processing and artificial intelligence technologies are applied to the radiographic inspection of weld joint. In this paper, the method of categorization of weld defects is introduced. The senior inspectors often use the specific knowledge acquired from their experiments for the identification weld defects in testing. In this study, two methods are used in conjunction for the categorization of weld defects. One of them is based on the data base of the defect's feature, and the other is based on the knowledge base acquired from imerviews with inspectors. It is shown that the results inferred by the expert system compare very well with the inspectors' judgements, and weld defects identification ought to be inferred by using the knowledge obtained from those other than films as well as those obtained directly from a film.
Shablov,S.V.; Kapustin, V.I.; Nazaruk, V.B. Electrographic inspection of the root p a r t of welded j o i n t s in steam turbines in the hot state 49214
Soviet Journal of Nondestructive Testing, Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 413-419 (Feb. 1992) The authors examined the special features of formation of the radiation image under the simultaneous effect on the film of temperature and ionizing radiation with subsequent application of the process of enhancing the optical density of photographs by silver dispersion. The results are used to determine the technological parameters of radiographic inspection of the root part of welded joints in steam turbines in the hot state at which the film retains its physicomechanical and sensitometric properties.
50198 Kato, Y.; Okumura, 7'.; Matsui, S.; ltoga, K.; Harada, T.; Sugimoto, K.; Michiba, K.; luchi, S.; Kawano, S. Development of an automatic weld defect identification system for radiographic testing
Udralov, Y.I. Calculation of the parameters of radiographic quality control of annular welded joints of cylindrical and spherical hollow objects 48463
Welding in the World, Vol. 3(3, No. 7-8, pp. 182-188 (1992) The authors have developed a computer-aided radiographic inspection system for X-ray testing of a wehi joint using digital image processing. In this report, a technique is introduced distinguishing a specific weld defect from others in the radiographic image of a weld joint, which is one of the principal functions of this system. In identifying defects, inspectors do not always follow the same procedure but use various kinds of knowledge obtained from elsewhere than films. Therefore it is very difficult to express the process of defect identification by a procedure-oriented programming language. In this study, experience and knowledge are extracted through interviews with inspectors at first, and then the identification method using artificial intelligence technology is proposed. Although the final goal of this work is the development of a fully automated radiographic inspection system, this paper describes the first stage in which a trial has been made to categorize defects and classify films.
Soviet Journal of Nondestructive Testing, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 214-219 (Nov. 1991) The article examines the derivation of the formulas of GOST 7512-82 used in radiographic quality control of annular welded joints of cylindrical and spherical hollow objects for determining the distance between the radiation source and the inspected welded joint, and the number of exposures necessary for 100% inspection of these joints. The article also examines the possibility of transforming these formulas to a form more convenient for practice.
Sugita, Y.; Onda, K.; luchi, S.; Itoga, K.; Harada, T.; Sugimoto, K.; Michiba, K. Development of computer-aided radiographic inspection system (II): method of identification and categorization of welded defects
48205
Vanek,J.; Gross, E. X-ray/TV inspection of welded joints and heat-affected zone in pipes from austenitic alloys
49702
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on NDE in the Nuclear and Pressure Vessel Industries, Glasgow (Scotland), 11-14 Jun. 1990. pp. 693-699. Edited by M.J. Whittle, J.E. Doherty and K. Iida. ASM International, (1990) Digital image processing and artificial intelligence technologies are applied for the radiographic inspection of welded joints. Major developments of the image processing are described in detail. They include the methods of evaluating penetrameter sensitivity, enhancement and extraction of cracks as well as volumetric and other planar defects, and eliminating non-relevant indications extracted together with images of real defects. Also described is the method of categorizing weld defects using expert system, especially how to acquire rules to be used for the expert system. By applying these technologies jointly, the computer-aided radiographic inspection system equivalent to a human inspector can be built.
BISI-Trans-27898, 8 pp. (1991) An X-rayfI'V system is tested for application as a tool to inspect welded joints and HAZ on austenitic alloy pipes in the Laboratory of Defectoscopy in the Kralovopolska Engineering Works, Brno, Czechoslovakia. Radioscopic inspection systems am briefly reviewed and requirements for image quality and technical solutions are specified.
Amir, A.A.; Zaccone, M.A. lnspectability of fillet welds on d i v e r t e r panels on an advanced missile fuel t a n k 49475
NDE - The Vehicle to the Future, Orlando, Florida (United States), 30 Mar. - 3 Apr. 1992. pp. 188-191. ASNT (1992) This paper reviews the inspect!ion requirements and overall methods by which fillet welds are inspected using radiographic techniques. These procedures were applied to the inspection of the diverter panels on an advanced missile fuel tank. The diverter welds contain double fillet welds, with both obtuse and acute angles, which were difficult to inspect for penetration at the roots of the welds. The remainder of the weld contains single obtuse fillet welds which are inspectable by X-ray. With extra exposures and setups the obtuse artgle weld of the double fillet weld can be inspected by X-ray.
Guu, A.C.; Rokhlin, S.I. Real-time radiographic investigation of weld pool depression
48201
Guu, A.C. Study of weld pool f o r m a t k m by real-time r a d i o g r a p h y with application for sensing and control of arc welding
49218
Dissertation Abstracts Internal:ional, Vol. 52, No. 6, pp. 2740-B2741-B (Nov. 1991) (DA9130482). Simultaneous measurements of the welding pool depression, using realtime radiography, and the arc force, using a force sensor, were performed to study the nonlinear arc-pool interaction. Experimental relations between welding current, arc force, pool depression, and weld penetration were established. The distributions of the surface tension and gravitational pressures were calculated from experimental data on pool surface geometry and surface tension and density. The importance of weld pool depression to weld penetration has been established. The dynamic arc-pool interaction and the growth and subsequent collapse of the depressed pool surface were quantitatively investigated during welding. Porosity formation was observed
185
Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, La Jolla, California (United States), 15-20 Jul. 1990. Vol. 10B, pp. 2209-2216. Edited by D.O. Thompson and D.E. Chimenti. Plenum Press (1991). ISBN 0-306-43903-4 Real-time radiography has been utilized by us previously as a vision system in remote arc welding process monitoring. In this paper, integration of weld quality control with welding process control is achieved by the use of in-progress radiographic information on the depression of the butt-joint welding pool and the weld properties in the solidified areas. During the welding process the welding conditions are automatically controlled to maintain the required pool depression and hence weld penetration. Simultaneously butt-joint weld penetration in the solidified weld was inspected extracting information from real-time radiographic images in the area of the welding path behind the liquid pool. This information was also used in feedback for weld process control. Bun-joint weld quality maintenance and penetration control was demonstrated.
Nuding, W.; Grimm, R.; Link, R.; Schroder, P. Welding and X-ray radioscopy
47973
British Journal of Non-Destructive Testing, Vol. 33, No. 12, pp. 606- 609 (Dec. 1991)