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Understanding crime and delinquency: A sociological introduction
188
CURRENT PUBLICATIONSABSTRACTS
T h e work is divided into fifteen chapters: introduction; physical facilities; budget; personnel; inmates; classification; privileges and discipline; work; education and vocational training; medical, inmate services; mental health and food; voluntary programs; work release; release; effects of incarceration on offenders and families; and a s u m m a r y and recommendations. An a p p e n d i x includes the Kansas Association for Mental Health's Legislative Platform on Penal Reform. The Other Face of Justice by the National Legal Aid and Defender Association. National Legal Aid and Defender Association (1155 East 60th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637), 1973, 164 pp., paperback. A Report of the National Defender Survey Funded by the Law Enforcement Asszstance Administration of the U.S. Department of Justice, this survey was undertaken to discover how defense services for the poor have been i m p l e m e n t e d in each of the 3,110 counties observed across the count~', in order to enumerate and describe the various types of systems through which defense services are provided, and to gather basic quantitative and qualitative data about indigent defense services and the criminal justice system generally, to assist c r i m i n a l justice planners in their efforts to meet the various requirements placed on them. T h e survey's methodology is presented at the outset of the report. Chapters 1 and 2 present, in tabular form, the data gathered by the survey concerning defender systems and assigned counsel systems. Chapter 3 presents the o p i n i o n s of judges, prosecutors, and attorneys concerning the effectiveness and viability of the various defense systems. Chapter 4 analyzes the findings in light of the national standards for indigent defense services proposed by the National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals and other nationally recognized organizations. Chapter 5 concludes with a discussion of the cost of s u p p l y i n g indigent defense services and the methods of financing defense systems. A p p e n d i x 1 contains a variety of information about present indigent defense services; a p p e n d i x 2 includes reproductions of the questionnaires used in the survey, and a p p e n d i x 3 comprises the standards p r o m u l g a t e d by the National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Coals, the American Bar Association, and the National Legal Aid and Defender Association. The Dollars and Sense of Justice by the National Legal Aid and Defender Association. National Legal Aid and Defender Association (1155 East 60th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637), 1973, 36 pp., paperback. Subtitled A Study of the Law Enforcement Assistance Adminzstration as It Relates to the Defense Function of the Criminal Justice System, this report examines the legislation and t u n d i n g patterns of LEAA to determine whether the defender aspect of the court system has been adequately funded, and attempts to identify the factors that were responsible for the funding patterns which have existed under LEAA. T h e first chapter of the report provides a general description of the funding agency and the manner in which the LEAA program has been implemented since its inception. Chapter 2 contains a legislative history of the O m n i b u s Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, beginning with the 1965 precursor of the 1968 act. Chapter 3 provides a detailed e x a m i n a t i o n of the funding history, of LE,~k from the b e g i n n i n g of fiscal year 1969 through September 1971 with reference to the courts. The report ~oncludes with specific recommendations and guidelines for m a k i n g L E A k responsive to the defense tunction.
Understanding Crime and Delinquency: A Sociological Introduction by Michael Phillipson. Aldine Publishing Company (599 South Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60605), 1974, 210 pp. hardcover--$7.50, paperback--S2.95.
CURRENT PUBLICATIONS ABSTRACTS
189
F h e author of this book rejects traditional criminology's view of crime which he states is based on the assumption that criminals differ from non-criminals in discoverable ways; in its stead he proposes that crime is a form of deviance that is inherent in the very nature of society. In this view, he states that crime can be understood better by e x a m i n i n g the processes of interaction in which some members of a society are labeled as deviant by others and come to take on a deviant identity. This "interactionist" perspective recommends a shift of focus to the ordinary and routine processes of social life in order to clarify the origins of those forms of behavior characterized as criminal. Starting from a critique of traditional criminology, the book offers an alternative perspective, drawing on contemporary interactionist and phenomenological work. Rule making and rule breaking are considered, and the analysis of crime and deviance is placed in the wider context of deviance, conformity, and control. Sociological work on juvenile delinquency is reviewed to show the major shifts that have occurred in theoretical and research orientations, and the gradual emergence of an all-embracing perspective for understanding delinquency. The book ends with a discussion of the difficulties involved in moving from theoretical understanding to practical action, and the necessity for the sociologist to make his commitments a topic of analysis. The book is made up of six chapters, a suggested reading list, a bibliography, and an index. The Rights of Suspects by Oliver Rosengart. Avon Books (959 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10019), 1974, 122 pp., paperback--95¢. This work is an American Civil Liberties U n i o n Handbook and is subtitled The Basic ACLU Guide to a Suspect's Rights. Its author is an attorney who is also a professor at New York University' in the Metropolitan Studies Program. It is intended by the author that the work primarily raise the largest issues and inform the nonspecialist of the basic law on the subject of his rights as a suspect. T o make the book more easily understood by its intended readers, it is presented in a question-and-answer tormat. The book is organized into four sections: "Rights in Individual Confrontations with the Police," "Rights Upon Arrest," "Rights in Court," and "Remedies." An appendix c o n t a i n s a sample writ and petition lot writ of habeas corpus. Two Years or More edited and directed by Gilles and Therien and Georges Dufax, produced by Marc Beaudet. National Film Board of Canada, 1970, 27 minutes, 16 mm., color, sound, $325.00. Available from: International Film Bureau, Inc. (332 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60604), rental--S17.50. Named for the m i n i m u m sentence which reqmres i m p r i s o n m e n t in a Canadian penitentiary as opposed to a provincial prison, this film was produced by the National Film Board of Canada for the Canadian Penitentiary Service of the Department of the Solicitor General. The film follows a typical prisoner through reception and incarceration and gives an unsensational account of prison life, both on the m a x i m u m and m e d i u m security levels. Also covered are the problems of the prisoner's reintegration into society: o b t a i n i n g a job, acceptance of responsibility in a free environment, and society's unwillingness to reaccept him. T r e a t m e n t Strategies for Juvenile Delinquents by Alex Hawryluk.
American Judicature Society (1155 East 60th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637), 1971, 29 pp., paperback. Subtitled A Survey o/Current and Experimental Programs and Their Implications, this paper
CURRENT PUBLICATIONSABSTRACTS
T h e work is divided into fifteen chapters: introduction; physical facilities; budget; personnel; inmates; classification; privileges and discipline; work; education and vocational training; medical, inmate services; mental health and food; voluntary programs; work release; release; effects of incarceration on offenders and families; and a s u m m a r y and recommendations. An a p p e n d i x includes the Kansas Association for Mental Health's Legislative Platform on Penal Reform. The Other Face of Justice by the National Legal Aid and Defender Association. National Legal Aid and Defender Association (1155 East 60th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637), 1973, 164 pp., paperback. A Report of the National Defender Survey Funded by the Law Enforcement Asszstance Administration of the U.S. Department of Justice, this survey was undertaken to discover how defense services for the poor have been i m p l e m e n t e d in each of the 3,110 counties observed across the count~', in order to enumerate and describe the various types of systems through which defense services are provided, and to gather basic quantitative and qualitative data about indigent defense services and the criminal justice system generally, to assist c r i m i n a l justice planners in their efforts to meet the various requirements placed on them. T h e survey's methodology is presented at the outset of the report. Chapters 1 and 2 present, in tabular form, the data gathered by the survey concerning defender systems and assigned counsel systems. Chapter 3 presents the o p i n i o n s of judges, prosecutors, and attorneys concerning the effectiveness and viability of the various defense systems. Chapter 4 analyzes the findings in light of the national standards for indigent defense services proposed by the National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals and other nationally recognized organizations. Chapter 5 concludes with a discussion of the cost of s u p p l y i n g indigent defense services and the methods of financing defense systems. A p p e n d i x 1 contains a variety of information about present indigent defense services; a p p e n d i x 2 includes reproductions of the questionnaires used in the survey, and a p p e n d i x 3 comprises the standards p r o m u l g a t e d by the National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Coals, the American Bar Association, and the National Legal Aid and Defender Association. The Dollars and Sense of Justice by the National Legal Aid and Defender Association. National Legal Aid and Defender Association (1155 East 60th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637), 1973, 36 pp., paperback. Subtitled A Study of the Law Enforcement Assistance Adminzstration as It Relates to the Defense Function of the Criminal Justice System, this report examines the legislation and t u n d i n g patterns of LEAA to determine whether the defender aspect of the court system has been adequately funded, and attempts to identify the factors that were responsible for the funding patterns which have existed under LEAA. T h e first chapter of the report provides a general description of the funding agency and the manner in which the LEAA program has been implemented since its inception. Chapter 2 contains a legislative history of the O m n i b u s Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, beginning with the 1965 precursor of the 1968 act. Chapter 3 provides a detailed e x a m i n a t i o n of the funding history, of LE,~k from the b e g i n n i n g of fiscal year 1969 through September 1971 with reference to the courts. The report ~oncludes with specific recommendations and guidelines for m a k i n g L E A k responsive to the defense tunction.
Understanding Crime and Delinquency: A Sociological Introduction by Michael Phillipson. Aldine Publishing Company (599 South Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60605), 1974, 210 pp. hardcover--$7.50, paperback--S2.95.
CURRENT PUBLICATIONS ABSTRACTS
189
F h e author of this book rejects traditional criminology's view of crime which he states is based on the assumption that criminals differ from non-criminals in discoverable ways; in its stead he proposes that crime is a form of deviance that is inherent in the very nature of society. In this view, he states that crime can be understood better by e x a m i n i n g the processes of interaction in which some members of a society are labeled as deviant by others and come to take on a deviant identity. This "interactionist" perspective recommends a shift of focus to the ordinary and routine processes of social life in order to clarify the origins of those forms of behavior characterized as criminal. Starting from a critique of traditional criminology, the book offers an alternative perspective, drawing on contemporary interactionist and phenomenological work. Rule making and rule breaking are considered, and the analysis of crime and deviance is placed in the wider context of deviance, conformity, and control. Sociological work on juvenile delinquency is reviewed to show the major shifts that have occurred in theoretical and research orientations, and the gradual emergence of an all-embracing perspective for understanding delinquency. The book ends with a discussion of the difficulties involved in moving from theoretical understanding to practical action, and the necessity for the sociologist to make his commitments a topic of analysis. The book is made up of six chapters, a suggested reading list, a bibliography, and an index. The Rights of Suspects by Oliver Rosengart. Avon Books (959 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10019), 1974, 122 pp., paperback--95¢. This work is an American Civil Liberties U n i o n Handbook and is subtitled The Basic ACLU Guide to a Suspect's Rights. Its author is an attorney who is also a professor at New York University' in the Metropolitan Studies Program. It is intended by the author that the work primarily raise the largest issues and inform the nonspecialist of the basic law on the subject of his rights as a suspect. T o make the book more easily understood by its intended readers, it is presented in a question-and-answer tormat. The book is organized into four sections: "Rights in Individual Confrontations with the Police," "Rights Upon Arrest," "Rights in Court," and "Remedies." An appendix c o n t a i n s a sample writ and petition lot writ of habeas corpus. Two Years or More edited and directed by Gilles and Therien and Georges Dufax, produced by Marc Beaudet. National Film Board of Canada, 1970, 27 minutes, 16 mm., color, sound, $325.00. Available from: International Film Bureau, Inc. (332 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60604), rental--S17.50. Named for the m i n i m u m sentence which reqmres i m p r i s o n m e n t in a Canadian penitentiary as opposed to a provincial prison, this film was produced by the National Film Board of Canada for the Canadian Penitentiary Service of the Department of the Solicitor General. The film follows a typical prisoner through reception and incarceration and gives an unsensational account of prison life, both on the m a x i m u m and m e d i u m security levels. Also covered are the problems of the prisoner's reintegration into society: o b t a i n i n g a job, acceptance of responsibility in a free environment, and society's unwillingness to reaccept him. T r e a t m e n t Strategies for Juvenile Delinquents by Alex Hawryluk.
American Judicature Society (1155 East 60th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637), 1971, 29 pp., paperback. Subtitled A Survey o/Current and Experimental Programs and Their Implications, this paper