‘Не верь себе’ — А кому же верить? (Ораторская лирика Лермонтова)

Russian Literature XXXVIII (1995) 259-272 North-Holland

'HE BEPb CEBE' - A KOMY :;~E BEPHTb? (OPATOPCKASI JIHPHKA JIEPMOHTOBA)

MATTHAC @PEITICE

H a c T o a m a a CTaTBJ~ npec~tej~yeT j~Be t~e~H. Bo-rIepBblX, -- OTKpblTHe nya'e~ x< nOHaMaamo CMLICaOBOia qbyHrm~oHanr~HOCTa opaTopcxKeHHeM ~HCKyCCHHO CMblC~e H 3HaqHMOCTH KOHKpCTHOFO CTttXOTBOpeHV~ 'He Bept, ce6e', KOTOpOe, HeCOMHeHHO, ~IBJI~ICTCJt IIIe~eBpOM opaTopcKoro CTrtna. 3~ecb noJIeMH3HpOBaTB npH~eTc~ c B. Ba~ypo, qLH CTaTBH 0 ]IepMOHTOBe 5BIJIH He~aBHO oIIy6nttKOBaHBI B HaCTO~IIL~eM)KypHa~e. BoprIc ~t/xeH6ayM 1-toRpa3~eJLqeT nrIpnry JIepMOHTOBa, HanHcaHnym rtoc~e ~e3ypr~l 1835 roaa, T. e. ero 3pestyio nrIpHry, Ha: 1. CTIaXOTBOpeHna opaTopcI
260

MaT'r~ac ~pe~ce

060cTpeHHBIe 3I]HTeTBI, KOTOpbIe HHqeMy He cHy>KaT, IIOMI~IMO~gTOl~ CaMOH ~gMOIIHOHaYlBHOCTH.l'Io MHeHttIO .~gHxeH6ayMa, B Hr~pr~Ke YlepMOHTOBa npeo6Ha;~;aeT H e H o r r m e c ~ CIDTaB FOTOBBIXqbOpMyH I~ CeHTeH~H~. HeBLICO~O oaeHnBaeT r~ Ylr~na FnH36ypr CTrlXOTBOpeHH.q opaTOpCKOI~ HHpHI~ IIOgTa. KCTaTH, FHH36ypr IIpOBO~HT rpaHaHy Me>K~Iy paHHHM H 3pCHBIMTBOpqeCTBOMJ-J[epMOHTOBaHe KaK o6meIIpHHJtTO, B 1835, a B 1839 roz:¢. 1 ~ o oworo rosa, KaK curITaev FHHa6ypr, YlepMOHTOB e m e ~a~erc OT :~e~aeMo~ "Haroi~ IIpOCTOTBI", nOCKOHBKyOH nce eme cTpeMrITCa H3B~eHB H3 nO3TaaecKoro czoBa Bce ero ~KcrIpecCHBHBIe BO3MO:hrK~aHCKOl~" TeMBI, T. e. ov opaTopcKoro CTH~JL Bepo~THO, II03TOMy FHH36ypr HCKY~toqaeT 60HBm3rIO tIaCTb opaTopcK0~ ~HprtKH, HanHCaHHO~ nocHe 1835 r o s a ' Y M n p a m m r ~ rHa~r~aTop', 'CMepr~ no3Ta', "He cMe~ca Ha)I r~oe~ npopo~ecKoi~ TOCZOm", '~yMa' r~ 'II03T' - n~ 3pe~o~ H~pr~r.~ no~Ta. ~e~cTBr~re~HO nr~ pHTOpHqeCKa~ 9KClIpeCCHBHOCTBycTpaHHeT HHH CHH~aeT ~ npe~eHax opaTopcKoro CTH~Ia YlepMOHTOBa CMr~C~OBO~t IIOTeHKrIa~ C~OBeCHoro MaTepHa~a? ~e~CTS~Te~BHO ~H :~TOT CTH.rIb -- IIOTOK yC~7OBHB]XIIpHeMOB, CBJ~3aHHBIXHHmB Hanp~>KeHHO~ 9KClIpeCCHBHOCTMO? H~H KaK 9CTeTHqeCKH HeO6XO~HMBII~, Ha Bcex ypOBH~X yIIpaBH~eT CMBICJ-IOM CTHXOTBOpeHH~ opaTOpCKoro THHa? Ka>KeTC~, qTO Hpe~CTaB~eHHfiIe HayqHb~e H03H~rtH rio noBo~:y pHTOpHqecKHX nprleMOB opaTOpCKOrO CTH~ J-[epMOHTOBa Hey)~aqHo KOM6HHHpy~oT "CTH~HCTOIIOFHqeCKHI~"IIO):I~O~ CTpOFOFO c~opMa~H3Ma, T.e. BHemH1OIO OKeHK'y OT)IeHBHI~X I/pHCMOB, C HenpaBoMepHh~ Tpe6oBaHHeM OT J-IepMOHTOBa TaKoi~ >Ke TOqHOI~ ~eHOTaTHBHO~ JIOrrHKeHHe. CBJ/3B :krKeHtleM H C~TyaHge~t He ~orn~ec~aa, IIOTOMy H B Hel~ HeT HylUKHHCKOJ7TOqHOCTH, Fpa>~aHcKa~ ~HpHKa ~eKa6p~CTOn, C KOTOpOt~ opaTopcKa~ HHp ~ a JIepMOHTOBa nopo~ OTOkK~CCTBJL~IeTCH, on~paeTc~ Ha ~aKTB~ )IaHHO~ pea~HOCTrI (I~a~omero ce6z cy6~e~Ta. PaTopr~ecKa~ CTnanCTnKa qbopMnpyeT S rrpoaecce Hr~pr/~ecr~oro repoz KaK co~or~ynnocTs BB~pa~enr~.

'He ~ep,r, c e 6 e ' - a KOMy ~ e B~pHTb?

261

KynoqeBy~o ~yHK~HIO BMpaY,r~eHne, qTO e~j~HCTBO nHpHqecKoro TeKCTa 6 0 n L m e r{e rapanTr~pyeTcz e r o MeCTOM B aKaHpoBLIX rpaHH~ -- cYte)ICTBHe He HCqepIIaHH0CTH :>KaHp0BblX penepTyapoB, a yTpaTLI HX apXrITeKTOHH,4eci(oi~, W. e. dp0pMHpymmet~ qe~oBeKa cHnt,I. 0 6 ~ i 4 a BCeM np0I~aBe~eHHStM O~HOrO ) r a H p a CMBICJI,qeyioBeqecKa~ '~cyI~HOCTB" >Kaapa, y>re He StBYLqeTC~[ocyLT~eCTBHMBIMKaK 06nlHfi 3aKOH IIOBe~eHH~. CoI~HaY[BHS~e MaCKH n a ~ a m L ~ O~HOBpeMeHHO a c q e 3 a ~ a COOTBeTCTByIO~aS[ opHegTaRHg >KaHpoB. I/Ix CMeHH~a MO~eY[b BceoxBaThlBalOmei~ ~H'tHOCTr~. IIOTOMy-To "nocw>raHpoBoe" e~HCT~O TeKCTa -- He KOHrJIOMepaT paaHopo~HS~X IIpHeMOB, a o 6 p a a B~pa>~ammef[ c e 6 a ~r[qHOCTr[ r~ noHr~MaHne em c B o e r o no~oaKaHpOBBII~ p e n e p T y a p o;~]~, 3aHMCTBOBaHHBIfflHM B "rpa>K~aHCKOt~ nr~pnKe" ~eKa6pHCTOB? TeXHHKa HCHO~HeHHn -- aJ]nHTepar~HH H 3ByKOBBIC HOBTOpBI B ~yHKLI~HH yCHneHH~I I4 qneHeHH~ HHTOHaRHH -- e m e COOTBeTCTByeT JIOMOHOCOBCKOffl Teopm~ r[ I'[paKTHKe 07Ua~. t~opMaYthHO TpaHcdpopMa~Ha MaTepHa~a o~j~ B~]pa>KaeTca s TOM, qTO opaTopcKa~ n n p n K a He n c a e p m , m a e T c a CTr~nHCTnaecraM npr~B~,mHS~M MOHOTeM6pOM Top>KeCTBeHHOrO o 6 p a m e H n a ; B He~t y ~ e He c o 6 n m ~ a e T c a r m ~ecTKa~t 3aKOH MeTpHaecKoro COOTBeTCT~na, m [ CTHnHCTHqecKa~ yC~IOBHOCTB. YIO cYmecT~y YIHpHqecKHE[ r e p o ~ OTHblne CaM " y n p a BJI~IeT" aY[~[HTepaI/~H~[MH H 3ByKOBBIMtt IIOBTOpaMH, HOCKOYIBKy OHH cny>raT eMy ~-[a 9CTeTHqecKoFo CaMOB~,~pa>KeHrt~[. HH~HBH~yaEIBHa.q HHTOHa~H~I 6epeT Bepx Ha~ "o6%eKTHBHBIM pHTMOM" CTHXOTBOpHOFO Te~CTa. YIpH 9TOM pHTM He H a p y m a e T c a , a IIO~qHHHeTC.q pHTOpH~ecr~o~ r~HTOHar~m~. CTa~], - y~Ke He CBO~CTBO TeKCTa, a 3a~aaa z;aa a a p a a e c K o r o r e p o a , q~opMr~pyeTca o6pa3 cy6~eKTa, o ~ e p ~ M o r o KaKO~-TO oqeHh Ba>KHOI~ BeCTMO. Bce, qTO CO~e~CTByeT qbOpMHpOBaHHIO TaKOFO o6pa3a, CBO60~HO H eCTeCTBeHHO BKJ-HoqaeTc~[ B apXHTeKTOHHKy CTHXOTBOpeHH~[.I/I3 BHemHero HeCrlen;HdpHqecKoro yCHnHTeZa pHTOpHKa r l p e o 6 p a 3 y e T c z B apXnTCKTOH~4tlCCKylO HCO6XO,~nMOCTI,. I"I XOTa >~aHpossm HOpM],~ He c06moz;a~oTca, TeM He MeHee, n o c p a B H e a m o C ~o~epMOaTOBC~O~t O~OY[, 3~ec]~ ~OCTr~raeTcz ~qbqbeKT 6 o m , m o ~ o p a T o p c K o ~ Cr~s~. J-[epMOHTOB n p e o ~ ; o z e ~ TaK>KC "I-ly6Y~HqHOCTB" O~B~, T. e. o r p a HHqeHHe ee HH~HBH~yaJ-IBHOCTH,CBOfiCTBeHHOeeY[ c BpeMeH Fopan;r~[

262

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H I(~OIIIIITOKa. OH OTKa3anc~ 0T Top~KCCTBCHHO~BO3BbIILICHHOCTHcnjambcmcnts. Pa3MepeHHOCTB pHTMa nOMOHOCOBCKOI~ Tpa~HIDtH CMeHI~nacb "py6aTO" peqeBoro rloToKa c cHnlhttBIM aKI~eHTOM Ha ~ByX c n o r a x CTpOKI4. TaKttM 06pa3oM, BOCripotI3BO~I2ITC~t "6apa6aH~n" p~rrM: - / - - - / , - / - - - / . I I o c K o ~ k ' ~ y~apeH~e B noc~e~He~i cTone CTpOKII HeripeMeHHO peaJiti3yeTcg, TO BO3HHKIIIHI~ 9~i3eKT arJKeHH~ y;~ep~ttBaeTc~I ~0 KOH/~a CTpOI~I, a ~qbqbe~cr ~l,IXaHII~ ripeTBOp~ieTCSl CaMIIMH CTpOKaMH. HenL3~, O~HaKO, 3a6biBaTh, qTO a ~ I T e p a R H H H 3ByKoBB~e1]OBTOp~I y YlepMOHTOBa c n y ~ a T tie TonI~KO O~O~i pHTOpHKe, HO ~I HecyT CMbICnOByIO Harpy3k'T riO Mepe iix ceMaHTttqecKtIX COOTHOIIIeHHI~. HCCJIe~OBaTenH, KpHTHKymnI~e opaTopcK~/l CTH~BJIepMOHTOBa, R a ~ e Bcero CCbI~IaIOTCSt Ha CTHXOTBOpeHHe 'J~yMa', KOTOpOe ~ei~cTBHTent~HO Heperpy>~eno cpaBHeHH~MtI tI MeTaqbopaMH, Hop0i~ norliqecKH He CBg3aHHI~IMII, a 3aCTblBIIIHMtt IIIa6nOHHI~IMtt qbopMy~aMH r p a ~ I a H c K o r o HeFO~OBaHH~I. OIDITh-TaKH HaS,By peMttHtICRetIII~Itt ~eKa6pncTcKoi~ nHpHr~, r~e riOJ~O6Hl~Ieo6pa3bi TaK ~ e He ~ttHaMtt~I HI~I. '~yMa', 6e3ycnOBHO, He ~r~meHa rI y~aq. K I~paMepy, C noxBa~oi~ ripo~rrrHpoBaHH~,le ]~eYlI4HCKHM CTpOKH "t~OFaTBI MIni, e ~ a H3 Kozn,i6e~H / OmH6KaMH OTI~OBH II03~HHM HX yMOM', KOTOpBIe, riO MHe-

nrno 9~xeH6ayMa (1941: 51), o6o6mamT OTHOmeHr~e nepMOHTOBc•oro rroKonenHs~ K "HpaBCTBeHH0 oqHILIeHHr~IM"6BIBIIIHM~eKa6pHCTaM. ~TH CTpOKH Mo~eYlHpylOT CB~3I, IIOKOJIeHHlYl, XOT~I H He 6e3 r~pormqecKoro ripenoMneHI~J~. TaKHM 06pa3oM, 3acTr~iBri_~a,qMeTaqbopa "HeMaTepHan~Horo 60raTCTBa" o6peTaeT HOByIO )KH3HB 6naronapa riapa~oicca~,noMy TpaKTOBaHrriO ee CM~mna. KpoMe TOFO, qboHeTH,~eci(aa rmcTpyMeHTOBKa c 6 n H ~ a e T aTH CTpOKH C napo;~Hb1MH riocnoBHI];aMH: xrla3Mitqeci
xen6ayM) ~0 HpOHH~eCKHB~IpamenHoil ~imSBr~K He~ (BpmCOB,YCOI<, ovqaCTH Fpr~rop~zH). B CTHXOTBOpeHHI~ Haxo;~HZr~ pa3p~,m c 06L[IeCTBOM, HapO~HOCTh, ~nnTapHOCT~, ripo3aHqHOCT~, ~eMOHH3M, paBHO~yri.IHe tt KpHTHK'y~gIIHFOHCTBa.

"He Bepb c e 6 e ' - a KOMy ~ e BepHTb?

263

I I o Kpa~HC~ Mepe TpH TeH~CH~HH iipeo6~a~aIOT B TO~KOBaHHH 3TOrO CTHXOTBOpCHHJt. 1-IcpBa~ - n p H c y m a TeM, KTO IIOHHMaeT n p ~ 3BIB H BeCTB o p a T o p a B 6yKBaJIBHOM CMBICJIe. TaKHM 06pa3oM, CqIITaIOT OHH, o p a T o p n n 6 0 OTBepFaeT IIOO3HIO, n p e ~ n o ~ n T a ~ e~ Iipo3y, n n 6 o nonpocTy KJ'Iel~MHT 5e3~apHBIX ~nnroHcKnx HO~TOB. I'JIaBHBII~ apryMeHT IIpOTHB TaKOrO H3~o>xenag -- ayTeHTHHHOCTB nO3TH~ecKoro MBIIIIneHH~I, n p e ~ c T a B n e H n a a BO BTOpO~ CTpO0pe ("cJIyqHTC~I nit Te6e..."). 2 ~ npnBep>iKReHHe B~OXHOBeHH~I qepe3 e r o HpOHHq e c K o e OTpHt~aHHe. H e Mo>KeT II03T~ n o a a r a e T Bp~OCOB, CaM 0paKT B~OXHOBeHH~I IIOCTaBHTB IIO~ COMHeHHe. YCOMHHTBCH B ~TOM yTBep>K~eHHH BBIHyH~aIOT HOCne~HHe qeTBIpe CTpOICH, B KOTOpBIX "nna~", "yKop" H OC06CHHO "HaIIeB 3ayHeHHBI]~" II09Ta y)K CJIHIIIKOM y6e~aTeJIBHO pa3oGnaqa~oT "MOnO~oro MeHTaTeFI~I". H XOTH HpOHH~I IIOHTH Be3~e IIpoc~IIIHBaeTc~I, TeM a~ MeHee, KaK BBIpa3H~ICH G u s k i (1970: 115), B ' H e BcpB CC6C' MBÂ He Haxo~aM HH o ~ n o r o cyIIIeCTBeHHOFO yKa3anH~l Ha MHHMOCTB BI~ICKa3aHHBIX OTBeTOB H OIIHCaHHI~I. TpeT~H OTBepraIOT O~HOCTOpOHHee HOHHMaHHe Hp~I3MBa H, KaK TaKOByIO, ToHKy ~peHna opaTopa. ~ _ H HHX " n p O T a B O p e ~ e noJ~pHO IIpOTHBOIIOJIO~>KHBIX BBICKa3BIBaHHI~ HalO IIpHBeCTH K o 6 ~ e M y 3HaMeHaTeJIIO 'e~HHCTBa rio TeH~eH~HH'" (Guski 1970: 115-116). 3 HnrL ecnH 9TO OKa~B~BaeTc~ HeBO3MO:>KHBIM, TO l]paBOMepHO IIpHHHMaTB e r o (HpOTHBOpeqrle) KaK "MHOFOFOJIOCHOCTB,IIOJIH~OHHIO pa3H~,~X r o nOCOB, H~ KOTOp~x Ha o~trm He COBna;~aeT c a~TOpOM" f r o ~ 6 r m 1964: 21). H o ~ o 6 n o e Maenr~e B~,IcKa3~maeT H Bat~ypo, a p e ~ n a r a a HHTepnpeTr~poBaT~ 'He Bep~ ce6e' B paM~ax 6axTrmC~O~ KaTeropnr~ "~jaxaa TOqKa 3peHrI~ 3a~aeT a~BTepHaTHBHylO a~cHonornaec~oj~o mr~any (508) no OTnOtueHa~o ~ 6a~pOHn~eCKOia nO~TH~eCKOi~ Koa~{~II~HH. OCHOBBIBaSICBHa "O6I~elIpn~HaHHOe" rlOHHMaHHe ' H e Bepb ce6e' KaK yTBep)K;~eHae napHTeTHOCTH "TOan~" n " a o r T a " (510), Battypo r~poTrmOnOCTaBaaeT ~TO CTHXOTBOpeaHe ~;~a~crH~ecKo~ MOHOn o r n a e c K o ~ n o ~ a a H H3 I~HS~I4OTCICr'I ,iLrIa ".ITeHHa H MtlpOBO33peH,~ec~o~t I~porpaMMHOCTa me~nnHrHam~e~.

264

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@pe~ce

HpOTHBOnOCTaB~eHHe, HpeJu~OHeHHoe Baaypo - 2~OCTaTOqHOapI3rMeHTHpOBaHO. O ~ n a K o n o OTHOILIeHHtO K IIHpHKe HeOIIpaB~aHHO IIpHMCHffTB 6aXTHHCKHC IIOHSITIISI, pa3pa6oTaHHL~e KOHKpCTHO ~/DI npozLi ~ naMepeHno npoTHBonocTasnenH~m BaxTIIH~IM CO6CTBeHHO

IIO~THqeCKItM IIpHeMaM. EC~H 6~I B 'He Bepb ce6e' ~ei~cTBrlTeJ/LHO 3ByHaJIO tteCKOJIEKO HeCOBMeCTHM/~IX r o z l o c o s , TO ~TO CTHXOTBOpeHHe IIpe~icTaBna~o 6LI co6o~I o6pa3eL~ yrla~jI<~Iymr~nMH JIHTepaTypHr~IMn rpylzIIaMii CoBpeMCHHHKOB rIO:gTa. C O~;HO~ CTOpOnb], 9TO 6~]~H ~niiroH~I pOMaHTII3Ma, KOTOp~Ie IICI~OBe)~;OBa~II BO3BI~IIIIeHHOe rlpe~Ha3HaqeHHe B~OXHOBeHHOFO 1-I0:9Ta, IIO2"lb3yffCt~ "HapoqiiT~,IM, B~IcHpeHHhIM, 6yTaqbopCKHM CTIIJIeM" (1964: 17). C ~;pyro~ CTOpOH~,~, ~apoH;~ammaacz HaTypa~,Ha~ mKo~a Ha cTpaHiittax B~46~rnore~ ~ a ~TeH~Ca O~;HO6Or~O pa~oSnaqaaa II B~mMeiiBa~a BO3S~meiinym rm~3Hro poMaiiTr~ecKnx Me~TaTe~e~t (cp. 1964:18). CTiiXOT~Opear~e .rlepMOHTOSa He a~pecoBaHO HH O~HO~t H3 ~TnX rpyrm, HO OHO ~a~ 6~I oTpnr~aeT npnHar~r~naz~HO nOHiioe noiiiiMaiiiie o6eiix. H BCe-TaKn TOHKOe na6~m~;eHiie TO~I6~Ha - e m e He rcnro~ K pacr:p~,~Tr~m iIO:gTrlqecKoro rrriiqbpa 'He Bep~ ce6e', TaK KaK Bh]BO)~IIO.rltIqbOiitL~l pa3JIIIqiiblX TOqeK ~peHii~ BHyTpH CTIIXOTBOpeiiII~I -- He ~ B ~ e T C ~ HrI 06OCIIOBaHHeM :gCTeTII~eCK0~I MOTHBat~IIH TaKoi~ nOaHqbOHHH, IIH OTBeTOM Ha Bonpoc, rm~eMy Bce :gTO BorrzoTIIZOC~ O;aiiOM ro~oce opaTopa, K TOMy ~ e B ~HpHtleCKOI~I qbOpMe. B KOHeqIIOM HToFe, IIocpe~cTBOM IIeCBO~HMr~IX TOqeK 3 p e H I ~ IIO~TBepH~ a e T c z 0 T K a 3 0 T IIO:gTHqeCKOFO TBopqecTBa. TaKO~ OTKa3, KaK IIa6~m~;aeT Ban;ypo, 3ByqHT I I B 3aKJIIOtliiTe3I/~HOM MOiio~ore rlO:gTa s CTHXOTBOpeHIIH '~ypHa.rliiCT, t~HTaTe~, ~ ~IHCaTe~h'. ~elYlCTBHTeII]bHO nr~ Ta~, ~TO ~pena~ n~pHKa JIepMOHTOBa -- rropaHeHaecKoe CaMOyHm ~ r ~ e i i H e rm~3iiii? Her, HanporiiB, 'He Bepb ce6e' y 6 e ~ a e r , ~T0 IIO:93iiff B COCTO~qHHHp e a r H p o B a T h Ha y r p o 3 y n p o 3 a i i q e c K o r o co3iiaHm~ pa3~po6nT~, II 06eCCMLICIIHTh ee 3HaqiiMOCTh. I'IOTOMy HMeHHO :gTO CTHXOTBOpeHHe B~OXHOBIIJIO 1Ip~Ofl(o.rlI~T~.rI~l~ ~O.FIBIII01~ Hpo3s~ XIX Beta, CHMBO~IHCTOBBp~0coBa II BnoKa. ~ He6e~smiTepecHo, ~a~ IIO~ICHffCT Ba~ypo CBO~ Te3IIC O ~paxe IIO~93HH. IIo:93tLq, IIH~neT OH, "He TepHeT cBoe~ CaMO~eHHOCTII, HO OHa TepzeT KOMMyHHKaTIIBI-IytOqbyHKI~ii~O.B o6n~ecTse pa3opBaHSZ CBZ3H, ~ O ~ o6pe~eiis~ [...] Ha IIecBo~MOCTS To~eK 3peiiaa" (1993: 516). 9TO aepHoe onHcaa~e KOMMyH14K,~THBHO~CIITyaI~HH II093ttH, HO OTo

'He ~eps c e 6 e ' - a KOMy .,.Y(eBep~TI,?

265

HtO~I~ He ee 9CTaTHtIeCKOIYl IIepcIIeKTHBM. HO33H~I He Hy>xhaeTca B

KOMMyHHKaII~IH. KOMMyHHKaTHBHaSI yCTaHOBKa II09THHeCKOI~ pe~//4 TOIIBKO MOTHBHpyeT CMl~ICYIOo6pa3ytoILIyIo HO:~THqecKytO cTpyKTypy. H R o e ~ c n o - n p o 3 a . KOMMyHHKa~H~I II~YIHHeC -- npoi~ecc, B KOTOpOM ~OpMHpyeTcR B H y T p e H H ~ ~CTeTHqeCKaH apXgTeKTOHHKa x y ~ o m e c T BCnHoro npon3BC;~CSn~. MO>KHO cKa3aTb, qTO KOMMyHHKaI~H~ a r p a e T ~CTeTHqecKyIO poJIB TO$IBKO IIpH pas,~poS~emgg TOtleK 3peHH.q. Be3 Hoe He 6L~no 6s~ " p a a H o p e ~ n ~ " n, cne;~OBaTe~LHO, OCHOBHOrO npH3HaKa npoab~ - TeKCTOBO1YIgHTepqbepe~n~Hg. ECJIH IIO~3tLq Tep~teT KOMMyHHKaTHBHytO dpyI-IKI~HtO,H3MCI-I~CT¢~I ee CHTyaI~H~I, a HC 9CTeTHKa (cp. F r e i s e 1993: 232-234). TaKoi~ BBIBO~ M O ~ e T noKaaaTLca c T p a n m , IM, Oco6eHHO eczm COOTHeCTrI e r o c "ICOMMyHmCaTnBH~M" CTnZeM o p a T o p c K o ~ no33rIn. O ~ a i < o i~ KOMMymIKaTI~BHa.a, T. e. ar~Tar~aOHHaa I~ezm n TOaKa a p e H n a o p a T o p a aCTeTrI~ecrrI BTOpocTenenn~L O n n MOryT 6S~T~ a a r a ~ o ~ m ~ mivi n p o T ~ B O p e a g B ~ nO cyTrL XOTa CTr~XOTBopenne n p H ~TOM o c T a e T c a ~CTeTHqeCY.H ~ICHBIM H ~a>re ~ e n e c o o 6 p a 3 H ~ M . Ec~H TaKoe OTnOmeHHe pHTOpHKH I4 9CTeTHKH oKa>KeTCa IIpHIIO>KHMblM I4 K ' H e Bepb c e 6 e ' , TO Bce crIopb~ m~in n r ~ y r o BTOpOCTenennoM aBnenr~n, KOTOpOe MO:g(HO 6BIJIO 6BI H He pa37~tCH.qTb. O~HaKO He c n y q a ~ H o 6OJIBIIIHHCT~O TOaKOBaTene~t n n o H ~ m e n m T a e T c a o r I p e ~ e n n T S n o a m t m o o p a Topa, BMeCTO TOrO ~T06S~ aHannar~poBaT~ ~ C T e T n ~ e c r n ~ CTpO~ CTaXOTBOpem~a. Hpr~anHa TOMy -- y 6 e a < ~ a i o m a a ycTaaoBKa opaTOpCKOrO CTrI~Lq, K o r e a p e q b a ~ p e c o B a H a MHe, H ~t HO~j~aIOCB ee arlenYt~TnBHO~t c y r r e c T r m . TaKHM o6pa3oM, KOMMyHHKaTHBHa.q qbyHKI]2I$I CnOBa HaB~I3BIBaeTcH MHe BMeCTO e r o 9CTeTHqecKofI qbyHY.~HH. CTnXOTBOpeHr~e ' H e ~ep~ c e 6 e ' , o ~ H a r o , Hem, aa CBeCT~I K KOMMyHHKaTHBHOfl qbyHrttnVI e r o o p a T o p n o c T n . A r a T a i ~ a z , m T a T e a z - c n y m a T e n z r~eyMecTHa, n o c r o a B i < y CaM rlpH3b~B Hepeam~3yeM, OH i i a p a ~ o r c a s t e a . Mo>iI
266

Maff~ac ~pcBce

qbop~iefl "no6ej~oHocrloro" CJIOBa. B TaI
TBop~eCTBa. B aTMOCd,bepe pasHope~aa 6es3alI~Tal, n~ aBTOp cnacaeTc a yXO~OM B npo3y. B n p o 3 e OTBeTCTBeHHOCT~ sa C~OBO IlepeMem a e T c a Ha p a c c K a s q a i < a rl~H Ha rl3o6pax~eHrloro riM r e p o a . ( I ) r l I ~ a a xy~o>KecTBeHHOrO M~pa, 6yTaqbopHqHOCTB e r o Ky~IHC B Ilpo~e ~IerKo

"paso6Jia~aeTca" (nprleM "OCTpaHeHrla" B rlpo3e JI. TO~ICTOrO). TeM He MeHee, Ha ypo~He CMS~C~a n o 3 s n a e m e B~Ia~;eeT "CKp~TH~Mrl MaHe~paM)~". OHa pasM~mnaeT o cBonx ~OSMOXHOCTaX, oaeHHBaa HX IIpHMeHHTeJIBHO K paaHope'-imo. 3)~ecs CYlBImHTCa He "HeHaBHCTB K II093Hrl", He IIOTpe6HOCTB (~ax~e BBIHyxJ~eHHaa) B ilepexoAe K n p o 3 e HJIH K peaJIH3My, a OTTeHOK COMHeHHa, qT0 aBJIaeTCa xapaKTeprlotl qepTOl~t C~O:a~H01~ CMBIC.IIOBOI~apXrlTeKTOHHKH poMarlTrl3Ma, KOTOpa.q HeC0BMeCTHMa KaK C HaHBHO-THTaHHr-IeCKrlM, TaK rl C HarlBHO-yHBI~II:,IM MBIm~IeHrleM. C00TBeTCTByIOT JIH pyCCKOMy poMarlTrl3My ~TH 0 6 o 6 m e r l r l a ? Ilpe~e qeM OTBeTHTB Ha 9TOT BoIIpOC, Heo6xO~HMO yaCHHTh, KaKoBa po~iI~ HpOHHH B pyccKOM poMarlTH3Me. Ba~ypo, HalIpHMep, CqrlTaeT, qTO TaM C0BCeM HeT pOMaHTHqeCKo~I I/IpOHrlH HeMeL~KOFO TrllIa. [...] pyccKaa nrlTepaTypa He 3HaeT 9TOrO THIIa HpOHHrl B ero IoIaCcHqeCKOM BH~e; pOMaHTHHecKa~ HpOHH~I ilpe~cTaeT pyccKoMy IIHCaTe~IIOB CBOeM 6a~tpOHrtqeCKOM BapHaHTe. (1993:507) Bal~por~rlqecKaa xi<~eHrte F r l a 3 6 y p r o60TCyTCTBrtrI rtpoHrm B mlpr~Ke JlepMOHVOBa. 7 He~I~3a JIrI Bce-TaKrI ~;oIIyCTrlTI, BO3MOX(HOCTB "KJIaCC~I~eCKO~" pOMaHTHqecKo~ rlpOHHrI B 'He Bep~, ce6e', TeM 6oJIee, qTO I l a p a ~ o K c a m , Haa BeCTB CTHXOTBOpeHHa He BMeli~aeTca B rpaHrlttSi HrI 6a~lpo-

I~rl3Ma, rm "pa3o6~iaqalOliXero" pea~I~I3Ma? HaMeK Ha TaKylO BO3MOX~HOCTL ML~ O6Hapyx
'He Bep~, c c 6 e ' - a KOMy ;~e Bep~IT~,?

267

CKClITHK H He paI~rlOHaJIHCT. OH CaM, IIO~06HO ByJII4qy, BeprlT B cy~j,6y - OH SHaeT, qTO Ka3aK e r o He y6LeT. T a K a a CMeCS yBepeHHOCTH rl paz~IKam, H o r o COMHemtz - xapalcrepHocTl~ pOMaHTHqeCKO~i H p o HnrI. BO3MO>KHO, o T p e q e m l e OT cTpaCTHO IIOCTaB~IeHHOI~ ItearI I~n3BO~I~T t~eCtOBCKa ~0 p a B H O ~ y m H o r o CMHpeHH~I, 3aTO OHO BO3BbIIIIaeT I/ICKyCCTBO J~O 06:beKTHBHOCTH, BOIIIIOIIIeHHOffl B xy~o>KeCTBeHHO~I opraHH3an~HH IIpOH3Be~eHrI~. FnaBHb1~t TeopeTHK pOMaHTaqeCKOit IIpOHIIH C o n r e p n m u e T : " H p o H n a - aTO oTpeqeHHe OT H306pa>xeHHOrO coRep>KaHH~, ~n~ TOrO, qTO6bI IIpO~IBHIIOCBHcKyCCTBO," 3HaqHT, aKI~eHTHpOBaTB BHHMaHHe CTOHT He Ha "H306pa~KeHHOI~ p e q n " OTqaJtnb~I~ -- TOM 5oJIee~ HTO OT JlepMOHTOBfl MBI MeHee Bcero O>Kn~aeM CMrlpeHH~ 8 -- a Ha BHyTpeHHel~ opFaHH3aILHH TeKCTa.

XapaKTepHaa Oc06eHHOCTh JIepMOHTOBCKOI~I II093HH -- CTpOFa.q BBIBepeHHOCTB CMBICJIOBBIX OTHOII/eHHi~ Me>KJ~y QbopMa.IIBHBIMH ~}KBHBaJIeHTHBIMH e~rlHHi~aMri TeKcTa -- C~IOBaMrI, CTpOKaMrI, JI2ICTrlXaMH 14 T. n. BO3MOmHBL O~HaKO, 14 TeMaTnqecKrle ileperom~iKeHH~,~X cor:IaCI~O r p a n a ~ r m TpaHClLeHJ~eHTHOCTrI: "Ilpn3HaK H e 6 e c ' , T . e . B o r a , 9aTeM "cna~icrle 3ByKH", T . e . 3eMHa~I rapMorlrla n HaKOHelI, "Ileqazlb H CTpaCTS", T. e. BHyTpeHHHi~ MIIp Ilepem~BaHni~. O6pa3ylOTCa KaK 6hi Tp~ K p y r a TpaHcI~eI~eHTH~IX cqbep, aa~aHH~X B~OXHOBeHrlIO. B c e TpI~ B pea~IrlCTItqeciKeHrte "a6comoTHS~X" HBJIeHHi~ B o r a , IlprlpOjil~ H qe~ioBeKa B KOMMyHHKaTHBHylO 60~ITOBHIO, HX O//y6JI/4KOBaHHe u e c e T H fix yHH>KeHrle. OCKBepHHeTCH H po~IrlI< qyBCTB: Ha CJIOBa "TO FHCBOM, TO TOCKOff/" IIocpe~CTBOM cl30HHqeCKHX COBIIaJ~eHHII OTKJIHKalOTCH CJIOBa "FHOB J~ylIICBrll~X pall". "IIy6~IrlqHBIia" FHCB, B OT~IHqHe OT B~0XHOBeHH01~ CTpaCT14, IIHTaeTC~ H3 pall, HaHeCeHHBIX BparaMi4 B 6op~,6e 3a BJIaCTB HaJ~ CJIOBOM. I'HOffl 9THX pall, o 6 p a 3 r H o a IIOqTrI C 6I~IOJIOrHqecKo~ TOHHOCTBIO KOMMeHTHpyeT HII3-

268

MaT'mac ~pettce

MeHHOe HpoHcxo>K~eHHe rHeBa H3 "CTOJIKHOBeHHH HHTepecoB". C FHOeM cpaay ~geHHe TpaHcLIeHJIeHTHt,IX H peaYIHCTHtleCKHX, T. e. 6HO-COII~O-IICHXOJIOrHqeCKttX Haqa~ accom~aaHe~ rHOZ H~rI "IIy6YIHqHOFO" rHeBa c ~3Bo/t KaK B~OXHOBeHHeM9 HeT, OHO YIHIIIB r~o~BepraeTc~ yTOqHeHHIO. B ~ o x HOBeHrte -- 9TO )KH3H~, KOTOpyIo ]~or BROXHy~ A~aMy. }IaBa - 9TO 9rBHBa~eHT r p e q e c K o r o ~ X ~ (qbacMep 1986, T. 4: 549), KOTOpOe B IlepeHoCHOM CMblCJIe --g)~rl7~ 0 g O 5 - o3Haqaey "HeOX
c ~ a m i o e 6 o r o ~ HecqacTr~e".9 3HaqHT, a n o x n o a e n H e n zaaa CyT~ ~Ba acrreKTa O~HOrO aBJ~eHHa --/~apa OT Bora. CTpoKa "KaK zam,~ 6oItca B~tOXHOBeHL~"He OTpHLmeT TpaHcueHJIeHTHOrO xapaKTepa aa~aHHOrO I~OaTy MHpa, a ~cro~Ko~,maeT ero. B~OXHOBeHrIe -- ~TO aana OT 6ora. B~OXHOBeHHe -- He qbm~tmz, HO OHO H He ocqacTJmammaeT HOgTa, Tar: KaK OH B HTOFe He Mo>KeT He OCKBepHHTb B/IOXHOBeHHOe eMy.

JIa~ee a

CTHXOTBOpeHHH -- o6paaHoe H3~O~eHne TpaHcI~eH/IeHTHt,IX cqbep, HHTaIOILIHX qeJ~oBeqecrH~l ~yx B~OXHOBeHHeM, a 3aTeM -- HX OCKBepHeHHBIe 9KBHBaIIeHTBI. CJ~e~IOBaTeJ~bHO, IIepel~OMH/~}[ MOMeHT -- He, KaK yTBep;~/Ih~OT, H a q a ~ o qeTBepTOl~ ¢TpOdpbI, r/Ie ~I
r~e na~rmaeTc~ "paa6aJ~TMBaHHe" ("He B ~ X O ~ Tor~a Ha m3ZMH~,~t nHp ~ojIel~. .. "), a OT3BIB B cJ~ej!y~ome~t CTpoqbe ("KaKoe/IeJIO HAM...") ~ii~ms p e a ~ r r a . I I 0 9 T BOBJIeKaeT II09THqeCKOe CJ~OBO B 6opL6y aa BJIaCTB Ha~

-

CJIOBOM B cqbepe KOMMyHHKaI/J'IH. H a H r p a H H ~ e qyBCTBa, HpeyBeJmqeHHBII~ IIad~0C -- BCC 9TO FOBOpHT He 0 JIHqHOI~ HeHcKpeHHOCTH HO~Ta, a o e r o BMemaTeJH, CTBe B IIOBCe)IHeBHyrO IIOJ~HTHKNpaaHopeqrI~. TaKHM o 6 p a a o M OH oTpaBJ~aeT HaIIHTOK B~OXHOBeHBIt. n p H 9TOM Ba>KHO IIOHHTB, NTO HaHHTOK B CyLI~HOCTH He ~I~OBHTBII~, a OTpaBJ'ICHHBII~.

OCI
~ymHym", ~TO r~ ycH~nBaeTca pnqbMO~ - r~OC.rrymHOfi/IrpOCTO,ZtymHOi~. PaHs~ '%S~cTasJ~a~OTC~" Hano~KarOTCZ 6ca "HaneBa aay~eHHoro". Tom, Ko Tar:oe r~o~e~erme,

'He uep~, c e 6 e ' - a KoMy )Ke BepHTb?

269

adpiimapoaaHiie ceSa, a He BnOXIIOBJIeiiHaH IIODTy 143 TpaHCReHneHTHblX cqbep "neqam, 14 cTpaCTB" Bbl3blBaeT Jt3B14Te~BHOe 3aMeqaH14e: "KaKOe neJIo HAM...". 3ByKOBme nepeK~14ar~ Me:~ny CaOBaMa (Hartp14Mep, B piiqbMax) B CTHXOTBOpeHHH npea<~e Bcero yKa3bIBatOT Ha fix ceMaHTHHecKyIO IIpOTHBOIIOJIO>KIIOCTB. HanpiiMep, napa B,zloxnoBeHt, a/pa3)Ipa~rcen~,e IIonqepKHBaeT IIpOTHBOII0110>KH0CTB MeTa~H3HKH II ~143HOJIOFIIH. H 0 JIepMOHTOB HCIIOJIb3yeT He TOIILKO KOH~eBBIe pHqbMbl, HO 14 yAHBIITeJIBHOe KOYlHqeCTBO 3ByKOBBIX, II03II~HOHHBIX II p14TMHHeCKHX 143OMOpdpH3MOB BHyTpH CTpOK, HOpOl~ OqeHB CJIO:>KHBIXB CMBICIIOBOM OTHOILIeHH14. HaiipiiMep, B 3ByKOB01~I H HO3II~140HHOl~I 9KB14BaJIeHTHOCT14CnOB ra,~e.;rsIH (CTpOKa 3) /~.rteHHOtt (CTpOKa 4), rOTOpsIe C14H-

TaKC14qecK14 CBa3am,1 dpyHKr~rleti nepe~14cJieH14a, CKpt,ITO OmIO3HI~aOiiHOe CMSIC~OBOe OTHOmeHrIe Kpat~He pa3~n~m,Ix C14TyattrI~t, aTO Bbmy:>KnaeT yCOMHHTBCH B BO3MO>KHOCTH o6e~x 6BITB eCTeCTBeHHOI~ IIpiiqiiHOffl TOFO, HTO 30BeTCH BnOXIIOBeHHeM. KOHaeBa~ p14qbMa HallpacHo He Z4m~I /B 3aSOTaX I4CTOIH~4- Hal-[pOTIIB, r~pH ~IBHOlYI rpaMMaTii~ecKo~ 14 name CMBICJIOBOfflYIpOTIIBOIIOJIO)KHOCTH (TpaHc/IeHneHTiioe/3eMHoe), IIa6~onaeTca CKpBITa,q CXO:>KeCTb 9THX nByx ne~CTB14i~, KOTOpBIe o 6 a nJIIITeJIBiibI, yTOMIITeJIBHBI 14 6eCCMBIC~eHHBL HCTOnleH14e 3a6OTaMH NpenBOCXHr_t~aeT HOCnenHIO~O CTpOdpy, r n e "II3M~ITBIe IIblTKO~" no6pa~iicb n o "IIpC:>II
~ e r m e ? HeCOMHeHHO, ayTeHT14~HOCTS. HOTOMy 14 BL~cKa3aHO ~ ~narpaqbe HeronoBaH14e IIacaeT "marchands de pathos et faiseurs d'emphase". H o Berth ayTeHTHqHt,I H qyBCTBa Bcex "no6pasm14xca no n p e ~ n e BpeMeHHBIX MopIIIHII". I-IOHeBOYIe BO3HIIKaeT Boiipoc -- a eCTB IIH pa3Hm~a Me>K~y MeTadp143tlHeCK14M cTpanaHHeM MeqTaTe~I~ 14 "3eMIIB~M14" cTpanaHI4~Mr~ TOnr[hI. He MO:>IKHOOTJIHq14TB OT 3¢13dpeKTHblX npHeMOB maps~aTaHOB.

270

MaTT~aC cPpe~ce

YqHT~IBa~ :>KH3HB II xapaKTep JlepMOHTOBa IIO cpaBHeHHIO C "FeMoppoH~aJIBHBIM qHHOBHHKOM" BeHe~IIKTOBBIM, FHH36ypr BbIBO~HT OTJIHqHTeJIBHMe IIpH3HaKI4 IIepMOHTOBCKOI~ IIO~3HH OT JDKelIpOpoqecTBa 9nrlrOHOB pOMaHTrI3Ma (1954: 158). O~HaIKHBIe oI~eHKtI I4 MHeHHJt 0 xapaKTepe rI :>KH3Htt ~epMOHW0Ba. O ~ I t t ywBep~<~amT, ~TO OH ~KO6L~ >KrIn Karc O6bIKHOBeHHBII~ rycapcKn~t oqbHr~ep, ~ a c i t e ~I no;~Jiea cpe~rlei~ pyKr~ (Mepe:gKaHpOB0i~ Ho3THKH, B 9 H o x e CaMOBMpa>KeHH~ (pOMaHTH3Ma) TO~KO T o r ~ a He ~Bn~eTCSt "pa36a~T~IBaHHeM", "aqbHmrlpOBaHgeM ce6a", Kor~Ia II09T B COCTOHHHH CTaBHTI~ IIO~ COMHeHHe ayTeHTHqHOCTB C06CTBeHHMX IIepe>KHBaHH~, n .~TO-TO H Ha3MBaeTcJ~ pOMaHTHqeCKO~ rIpOHrIe~. I-lo93Ha no~ pa3~aramttiHM BYIHJIHHeM p a 3 H o p e q g a , nO~ ~aB~eHHeM ~IH~HBH~yyMOB, Tpe6ym~r~Hx YIpH3HaHH~I ee 3HaqHTeJII~HOCTH (H3 TaKOBI~IX COCTOHT HoBa~ nocTpOMaHTrlqecKag Tonna), HaqrlHaeT COMHeBaTBC~t B C06CTBeHH0i~ 9CTeTttqeCK0i~ IIpO~yKTHBHOCTtt. HO II093tt~l He yMO~KaeT, OHa TeMaTH3HpyeT CBOH COMHeHHH~ TeMaTH3HpyeT C06CTBeHHyIO HeBO3MO)KHOCTB. CTttXOTB0peHHe ' H e BepB c e 6 e ' - He >KepTBa p a 3 H o p e q H ~ H He p e n e r a T n o , a r m n o OTHOmeHHK) K n p o 3 e , a yHHKaYtBHb~i~i IIpHMep COCTOJtTe~II~HOCTH pOMaHTHqeCKOI~ Hp0HH~I B p y c c K o ~ ~nTeparype. Ylo~o~eHr~e 5IepMOHTOBCKOI~ H093HH MeeKly ~ByM~ IlpeTeH~yloII2HMH Ha B~aCTb Ha~ C~0~OM Halzpal3~eHr~MrI: MaKcHMa~rHCTaMH ( m e ~ r t H rnaHCTnO) r~ MHHHMa~HCTaMrt (HaTypaoz~Haa H~Ko~a), B~,IHyx<~aev ee I< M g H g M a ~ g 3 a ~ m ~ r~aKC~MyMa, K H a p O ~ T O M y o c ~ e p H e H g m ee C~aTI~IHH, -- K pOMaHTHqeCKOti HpOHHH.

'He Bep~, c e 6 e ' - a KOMy .,,~KeBeptlTla?

271

HPHMEHAHHH

1 2

3

4 5 6 7

8

9 ~o

CM., nanpHMep, :9~txen6ayM 1924 n H n m e p 1914. B '~yMe' co~ep)KaTc~ CTpOY,~, KaK 6LI npe~cKa3slBa~omne rnaBHy~ TeMy CTHXOTBOpeHHa'He Beps ce6e': "Taa 3aBHCTIIHBOOT 6$IH)KHHXH jlpy3eit / Ha~ex~I~i a y m l m e n ronoc 6aaropo~n~i~ / HeBepneM OCMe~IHHBIXcTpaCTell." B 'J~yMe' ~TO CKa3aHOKaK 6~I e yKop HOKOYieHHIO,a B 'He Bepb ce6e' TaKoe yMOIIqaHHe BHyTpeHHHX ILeHHOCTel~ -- COBeT "MOJIOJ~OMy MeqTaTeYllO". HO 9TO FOBOpHT O HecepBe3HOCTH IIOJlO6HOrO cOBeTa. Oj]~HaKOO6IILHI~ 3HaMeHaTeJIb IIOJI~pHO IIpOTHBOIIOJIOX
O BrlyTpeHHe ~IHaHor~t3rlpOaaHHOM MOHO~Ore cp. Schmid 1974. Cp. npriMe~aarIe 6. A. B~oK, 'CBeT B OKOmKe maTa~ca', ']~aHaFaHHHK' (TpeTb~ napa B~m6zenHsiX); B. IHyKmnn, 'O6z~a'. Fna36ypr 1940: 137. Tpy~ao noHaTs, sa aTo B. Baaypo TaK BSICOKO o~eHHBaeT ("[...] ee anaan~ no c~e BpeMs ocTaeTca J~yqmHM H3 TOFO, aTO 6~nO c~a3aHo Ha ~Ty TeMy'; 507) 3Ty KHHry, npOH~nyTym, na MOI~I B3I'~I~I~, O~HOCTOpOHHHM H~eo.rlOI'H3MOM. O p o M a r r r ~ e c ~ o ~ HpoHHH repMaHcKoro Tnna FHH36ypr 3aKa~oqaeT: "B FepMam~H ~nOXH qbeo~a~bHOfi peaK~HH TeOpHa pOMaHTHqeCKOI~ HponHH HOC~y)KHaa pea~r~OHHSlM ~i~eaaaM" (129). ~a~ee y3HaeM O rOM, ~TO ~ p o m m Fertile ~omHa s ~pyro~op JIepMOnTOBa (129). 0 6 npormr~ Fe~ae BO3MOmnOM BOCnpaaTn~ ee JIepMOHTOBSlM-- nOTOM Ha CZOBa. Cp. Mepe~<~OBC~n~t 1909: 296-297. Handw6rterbuch der Griechischen Sprache. Leipzig 1831. B. Baaypo (1993: 514) npaB s TOM, aTO Topr nMeeT OTp~t~aTeasaoe IIeHHOCTHOe 3HaqeHHe, HO OH BOBCe He IlpaB B TOM, HTO "TOpr" -cy6%eKTHBHBIl~IaClIeKT BOCIIpH~tTH~III09TH-qeCKOFOTBopHeCTBa. HanpoTHB, 9TO IIy~JIHHHBII~KOMMyHHKaTHBHBIffIaclIeKT alIeJIHHpOBaHH~, T. e. OTHpaBHeHH~ He HOgTHHeCKOI'O, a HaBa3aHHOFO CYiOBa.

~HTEPATYPA

BeJIHHCKHI~, B.

1953-1959 FIoJmoe co6panHe co~rmcn~B B 13 TOMaX, T. 3. MOCKBa, CC. 190-191; T.4, CC. 523-524. B~OK, A. 1960 Co6pa~ne co,tnHen~i~ ~ ~OC~MH TOMaX, TT. 1 H 4. MOCKBa.

272

BpmCOB, B. 1903 Bal_typo, B. 1993

MaTTI~aC CI)pea ce

'OKJieBeTanrmIfICTItX'.Bece~a, No- 11, cc. 786-788. 'qyx
FHn36ypr, H. TBoprtecK14B nyT~ JIepMOHTOBa. JIeI~HrirpajL 1940 O a14p14Ke. Moc~<~a-JIermnrpa~. 1964 FpHropszH, K. 1964 ,]IepMOHTOB14pOMaHTH3M. MocKBa-JIeHHnrpa~. Mepex
MOCKBa. qbrImep, B. 1914

'IIo~THKa J-IepMOHTOBa'.BeHOK M. [0..]IepMOHTOny. 10514~TeifHbX~tcSopx:rHK. MOCKBa-HeTporpaJ1,CC. 196-236.

llIy~mmL B. 1985 CoOpaH14e COtlHHeHHI/~B 3")2 TOMaX, T, 2. MOCKBa. 9~txeH6ayM, B. 1924 flepMOHTOB.Om, IT14CTOp14ro-cmreparypHoB OneHKn. JIermm rpa,a. 1941 'JIaTepawyprrazno3i~r~ JIepMOHTOBa'. JI14TepaTypHoe HaC.rm~CTBO,No_43-44. MOCKBa,CC. 3-82.

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