- Email: [email protected]
00705 Development of advanced process for direct coal liquefaction-2—effect of hydrotreated solvent on slurry viscosity
02
than Pt/XVUSY. The latter however, showed strong deactivation after short reaction times. It is concluded that an appropriate tuning of the support acidity is crucial for this reaction. In contrast to the activity, the HzS sensitivity of the tested Pt based catalysts is hardly influenced by acidity of the support. Adsorption of HzS on these sulfur vacancies leads to strong competitive adsorption with the reacting sulfur compound. It is proposed that the stabilization of small platinum clusters in the presence of HzS is an important effect of acidic supports. In addition, the strength and nature of the acidic sites on the support may affect the Pt-S bond strength of the active sites on small platinum particles. It is concluded that no sulfur-free platinum metal sites are present under the applied reaction conditions. It is therefore proposed that the conversion of 4-E,6-MDBT over PtiASA proceeds over sulfur vacancies on small platinum particles. The creation of sulfur vacancies on these small platinum particles may be related to their electron-deficient character on acidic supports.
Economics,
Business,
Marketing,
Policy
Oil price shocks and stock market activity 00/00694 Sadorsky. P. Energy Econontics. 1999, 21,(5), 449-469. Results from a vector autoregression show that oil prices and oil price volatility both play important roles in affecting real stock returns. There is evidence that oil price dynamics have changed. After 1986, oil price movements explain a larger fraction of the forecast error variance in real stock returns than do interest rates. There is also evidence that oil price volatility shocks have asymmetric effects on the economy. Queensland’s new petroleum legislation 00100695 Sorby, L. QGMJ, 1999, 100, (1175), 37-38. The DME since late 1997 has been reviewing the current two pieces of legislation which regulate the petroleum and gas industries - the Petroleum Act 1923 plus regulations and the Gas Act 1965 and its accompanying regulations. Both acts have well stood the test of time but have. however, reached a stage where a more fundamental rewriting became necessary. Reason for and areas affected by the rewriting are discussed briefly. Review of developments in the petroleum 00100696 Green, P. QGMJ, 1999, 100, (1175). 36-37. Petroleum exploration in Queensland declined during 1998-99 coal seam gas appraisal and development drilling increasing in summary is presented in this paper of the petroleum industry exploration titles, drilling, gas and crude oil production and new
Liquid
fuels (derived liquid fuels)
external costs of transportation (global warming, congestion, etc.) without raising private costs for the average motorist, Another appealing aspect of PATP may be its apparently progressive nature the lowest income households may see the highest gains in welfare.
Derived
Liquid
Fuels
Analysis of recycle solvent in coal liquefaction. IV. 00/00700 Pyrene and fiuoranthene derivatives Miki, Y. and Sugimoto, Y. Nippon Ener-ugi Gakkaishi, 1998. 77, (1 I), 1089-1099. (In Japanese) During 50 days of continuous operation of a 1 ton/day coal liquefaction plant at Kimitsu, 100 samples of recycle solvent were obtained and studied. The technique of selective ion measurement of GCiMS was used to analyse in detail pyrene and fluoranthene derivatives in the recycle solvents. During the liquefaction process, the sum yields of pyrene and fluoranthene derivatives decreased because of the replacement of the initial solvent by coal liquid solvent. The amounts of pyrene derivatives and fluoranthene derivatives in the recycle solvents after 50 days operation was I12 and I/IO times those in the initial solvent, respectively. The pricipal reactions in the solvent hydrogenation process were: pyrene was hydrogenated to hexahydropyrenes, methylpyrenes to dihydromethylpyrenes and fluoranthene to tetrahydroand decahydrafluoranthenes. The relative amount of pyrene and hexahydropyrene in the recycle solvent was considered to he a suitable indicator for the control of he hydrogenation of recycle solvent during the hydrotreating step. Change in properties of coal derived oil from the 00/00701 1 t/d PSU by hydrotreating Ikeda, K. et al. Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happy0 Ronhrlrrshu, 1997. 34, 12% 126. (In Japanese) Hydrotreatment in a high pressure continuous apparatus equipped with a fixed bed reactor is used to investigate change in properties of coal-derived oil from the I ton/day pilot-scale unit. The paper includes an evaluation of the effects of hydrotreating conditions on the oil propertics.
industry with only activity. A including; legislation.
Risk management in the oil industry: can OOiOO697 information on long-run equilibrium prices be utilized? Gjolberg, 0. and Johnsen, T. Energy Economics, 1999, 21, (6). 493-515. The co-movements between the prices of crude oil and major refined products during the period 1992-1998 are analysed in this paper. Specifically, the existence of long-run equilibrium price relationships, and whether deviations from estimated equilibrium can be utilized for predictions of short-term price changes and for risk management are studied. The econometric evidence strongly supports the hypothesis that crude and refined product prices are co-integrated. Past deviations from long-term equilibrium are significant in an error correction specification of short-term product price changes. The results represent valuable information for hedging, particularly in integrated oil companies for which price risk is related to margin variations. Risk sharing and incentives in Norwegian OOlOO696 petroleum extraction Osmundsen, P. Energy Policy, 1999, 27. (9). 549-555. Distinguishing between idiosyncratic and systematic risk, and taking into account that the government is only able to monitor the companies’ efforts to reduce costs and increase extraction in an imperfect way (moral hazard), criteria for optimal risk sharing between the Norwegian government and the petroleum companies are examined. The Norwegian practice is compared with the theoretical recommendations, and it is suggested that deviations can be explained by political constraints. Toward marginal cost pricing of accident risk: the OOiOO699 energy, travel, and welfare impacts of pay-at-the-pump auto insurance Kavalec, C. and Woods, J. Energy Policy, 1999, 27, (6), 331-342. This paper examines, theoretically and through a series of simulations, the effect of a pay-at-the-pump auto insurance system where the minimum amount of insurance required by California law is paid through a fuel surcharge. Vehicle fixed costs are reduced while variable costs increase. The results show that gasoline demand would he reduced by roughly two to five percent in 1998 (with greater percentage drops in later years), while VMT would drop by slightly less as the incentive to drive more fuel efficient vehicles reduces exposure to the tax. At the same time, pay-at-the-pump is shown to improve the welfare of the average California driver as insurance is priced more efficiently. In other words, unlike other transportation pricing measures that have been proposed in the recent past (VMT and fuel taxes, pollution fees, etc.), PATP may offer a means of reducing the
Characterization of recycle solvent and solvent 00100702 hydrogenation in 150 ton/day pilot plant for NEDOL process Koura, M. et al. Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happy0 Ronhnn.shu, 1997. 34, l47150. (In Japanese) The properties of the recycle solvent and solvent hydrogenation in the NEDOL process were investigated using the operation of the I50 ton/day pilot plant (Run 1.2). The following conclusions were obtained: The properties of the recycle solvent change greatly in the early stages the operation because it replaces the liquefaction distillation, which is rich in the substituted aromatic compounds. The solvent hydrogenation catalyst mainly acts on the hydrogenation of aromatic rings. During the I.300 hour operation, the catalytic activity for solvent hydrogenation is reduced. Coprocessing of coal and heavy oil-effect of 00/00703 properties of heavy oil on coal liquefaction behavior Kondo, T. et al. Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happy0 Ronhunshu, 1997, 34, 333336. (In Japanese) The effect of the addition of a solvent in coprocessing coal and heavy oils was investigated. Taiheiyo coal and tar sand bitumen oil were coprocessed using a soluble MO catalyst. The results showed that the addition of an aromatic solvent such as methylnaphthalene and FCC-LCO effectively increased n-hexane-insoluble conversion of coal. 00/00704 Deashing effect on liquefaction of coal liquefaction residue in 1 ton/day PSU Olino, T. et al. Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happy0 Ronhu~~rhu. 1997, 34, lO3106. (In Japanese) An investigation of the utilization of coal liquefaction residue (CLR) in 1 ton/day pilot-scale unit. The CLR was deashed using CH>COOH, HzSOa or HF and then underwent hydrogenolysis at 400°C for 60 min. Pretreatment with CHsCOOH or HzS04 was found to be effective in increase oil yield, but that using HF solution of lower concentration did not affect any fraction yield. The activation of original catalyst in CLR is also discussed. Development of advanced process for direct coal 00/00705 liquefaction-2-effect of hydrotreated solvent on slurry viscosity Kishimoto. M. et a/. Sekitarl Kafaku Kaixi., Haptwo Rmhumh~r, 1007. 34, 155-158. (In Japanese) An investigation to determine a method of ohtaining coal slurry with a high coal concentration. The characteristics of coal and solvent concerned with slurry viscosity were investigated, and it was found that pore volume of coal as well as oxygen containing materials in solvent were direct determinants of slurry viscosity. For example, when the slurry consists of brown coal and hydrotreated oil, coal concentration almost as high as 50 wt% can be achieved.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 2000
61
than Pt/XVUSY. The latter however, showed strong deactivation after short reaction times. It is concluded that an appropriate tuning of the support acidity is crucial for this reaction. In contrast to the activity, the HzS sensitivity of the tested Pt based catalysts is hardly influenced by acidity of the support. Adsorption of HzS on these sulfur vacancies leads to strong competitive adsorption with the reacting sulfur compound. It is proposed that the stabilization of small platinum clusters in the presence of HzS is an important effect of acidic supports. In addition, the strength and nature of the acidic sites on the support may affect the Pt-S bond strength of the active sites on small platinum particles. It is concluded that no sulfur-free platinum metal sites are present under the applied reaction conditions. It is therefore proposed that the conversion of 4-E,6-MDBT over PtiASA proceeds over sulfur vacancies on small platinum particles. The creation of sulfur vacancies on these small platinum particles may be related to their electron-deficient character on acidic supports.
Economics,
Business,
Marketing,
Policy
Oil price shocks and stock market activity 00/00694 Sadorsky. P. Energy Econontics. 1999, 21,(5), 449-469. Results from a vector autoregression show that oil prices and oil price volatility both play important roles in affecting real stock returns. There is evidence that oil price dynamics have changed. After 1986, oil price movements explain a larger fraction of the forecast error variance in real stock returns than do interest rates. There is also evidence that oil price volatility shocks have asymmetric effects on the economy. Queensland’s new petroleum legislation 00100695 Sorby, L. QGMJ, 1999, 100, (1175), 37-38. The DME since late 1997 has been reviewing the current two pieces of legislation which regulate the petroleum and gas industries - the Petroleum Act 1923 plus regulations and the Gas Act 1965 and its accompanying regulations. Both acts have well stood the test of time but have. however, reached a stage where a more fundamental rewriting became necessary. Reason for and areas affected by the rewriting are discussed briefly. Review of developments in the petroleum 00100696 Green, P. QGMJ, 1999, 100, (1175). 36-37. Petroleum exploration in Queensland declined during 1998-99 coal seam gas appraisal and development drilling increasing in summary is presented in this paper of the petroleum industry exploration titles, drilling, gas and crude oil production and new
Liquid
fuels (derived liquid fuels)
external costs of transportation (global warming, congestion, etc.) without raising private costs for the average motorist, Another appealing aspect of PATP may be its apparently progressive nature the lowest income households may see the highest gains in welfare.
Derived
Liquid
Fuels
Analysis of recycle solvent in coal liquefaction. IV. 00/00700 Pyrene and fiuoranthene derivatives Miki, Y. and Sugimoto, Y. Nippon Ener-ugi Gakkaishi, 1998. 77, (1 I), 1089-1099. (In Japanese) During 50 days of continuous operation of a 1 ton/day coal liquefaction plant at Kimitsu, 100 samples of recycle solvent were obtained and studied. The technique of selective ion measurement of GCiMS was used to analyse in detail pyrene and fluoranthene derivatives in the recycle solvents. During the liquefaction process, the sum yields of pyrene and fluoranthene derivatives decreased because of the replacement of the initial solvent by coal liquid solvent. The amounts of pyrene derivatives and fluoranthene derivatives in the recycle solvents after 50 days operation was I12 and I/IO times those in the initial solvent, respectively. The pricipal reactions in the solvent hydrogenation process were: pyrene was hydrogenated to hexahydropyrenes, methylpyrenes to dihydromethylpyrenes and fluoranthene to tetrahydroand decahydrafluoranthenes. The relative amount of pyrene and hexahydropyrene in the recycle solvent was considered to he a suitable indicator for the control of he hydrogenation of recycle solvent during the hydrotreating step. Change in properties of coal derived oil from the 00/00701 1 t/d PSU by hydrotreating Ikeda, K. et al. Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happy0 Ronhrlrrshu, 1997. 34, 12% 126. (In Japanese) Hydrotreatment in a high pressure continuous apparatus equipped with a fixed bed reactor is used to investigate change in properties of coal-derived oil from the I ton/day pilot-scale unit. The paper includes an evaluation of the effects of hydrotreating conditions on the oil propertics.
industry with only activity. A including; legislation.
Risk management in the oil industry: can OOiOO697 information on long-run equilibrium prices be utilized? Gjolberg, 0. and Johnsen, T. Energy Economics, 1999, 21, (6). 493-515. The co-movements between the prices of crude oil and major refined products during the period 1992-1998 are analysed in this paper. Specifically, the existence of long-run equilibrium price relationships, and whether deviations from estimated equilibrium can be utilized for predictions of short-term price changes and for risk management are studied. The econometric evidence strongly supports the hypothesis that crude and refined product prices are co-integrated. Past deviations from long-term equilibrium are significant in an error correction specification of short-term product price changes. The results represent valuable information for hedging, particularly in integrated oil companies for which price risk is related to margin variations. Risk sharing and incentives in Norwegian OOlOO696 petroleum extraction Osmundsen, P. Energy Policy, 1999, 27. (9). 549-555. Distinguishing between idiosyncratic and systematic risk, and taking into account that the government is only able to monitor the companies’ efforts to reduce costs and increase extraction in an imperfect way (moral hazard), criteria for optimal risk sharing between the Norwegian government and the petroleum companies are examined. The Norwegian practice is compared with the theoretical recommendations, and it is suggested that deviations can be explained by political constraints. Toward marginal cost pricing of accident risk: the OOiOO699 energy, travel, and welfare impacts of pay-at-the-pump auto insurance Kavalec, C. and Woods, J. Energy Policy, 1999, 27, (6), 331-342. This paper examines, theoretically and through a series of simulations, the effect of a pay-at-the-pump auto insurance system where the minimum amount of insurance required by California law is paid through a fuel surcharge. Vehicle fixed costs are reduced while variable costs increase. The results show that gasoline demand would he reduced by roughly two to five percent in 1998 (with greater percentage drops in later years), while VMT would drop by slightly less as the incentive to drive more fuel efficient vehicles reduces exposure to the tax. At the same time, pay-at-the-pump is shown to improve the welfare of the average California driver as insurance is priced more efficiently. In other words, unlike other transportation pricing measures that have been proposed in the recent past (VMT and fuel taxes, pollution fees, etc.), PATP may offer a means of reducing the
Characterization of recycle solvent and solvent 00100702 hydrogenation in 150 ton/day pilot plant for NEDOL process Koura, M. et al. Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happy0 Ronhnn.shu, 1997. 34, l47150. (In Japanese) The properties of the recycle solvent and solvent hydrogenation in the NEDOL process were investigated using the operation of the I50 ton/day pilot plant (Run 1.2). The following conclusions were obtained: The properties of the recycle solvent change greatly in the early stages the operation because it replaces the liquefaction distillation, which is rich in the substituted aromatic compounds. The solvent hydrogenation catalyst mainly acts on the hydrogenation of aromatic rings. During the I.300 hour operation, the catalytic activity for solvent hydrogenation is reduced. Coprocessing of coal and heavy oil-effect of 00/00703 properties of heavy oil on coal liquefaction behavior Kondo, T. et al. Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happy0 Ronhunshu, 1997, 34, 333336. (In Japanese) The effect of the addition of a solvent in coprocessing coal and heavy oils was investigated. Taiheiyo coal and tar sand bitumen oil were coprocessed using a soluble MO catalyst. The results showed that the addition of an aromatic solvent such as methylnaphthalene and FCC-LCO effectively increased n-hexane-insoluble conversion of coal. 00/00704 Deashing effect on liquefaction of coal liquefaction residue in 1 ton/day PSU Olino, T. et al. Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happy0 Ronhu~~rhu. 1997, 34, lO3106. (In Japanese) An investigation of the utilization of coal liquefaction residue (CLR) in 1 ton/day pilot-scale unit. The CLR was deashed using CH>COOH, HzSOa or HF and then underwent hydrogenolysis at 400°C for 60 min. Pretreatment with CHsCOOH or HzS04 was found to be effective in increase oil yield, but that using HF solution of lower concentration did not affect any fraction yield. The activation of original catalyst in CLR is also discussed. Development of advanced process for direct coal 00/00705 liquefaction-2-effect of hydrotreated solvent on slurry viscosity Kishimoto. M. et a/. Sekitarl Kafaku Kaixi., Haptwo Rmhumh~r, 1007. 34, 155-158. (In Japanese) An investigation to determine a method of ohtaining coal slurry with a high coal concentration. The characteristics of coal and solvent concerned with slurry viscosity were investigated, and it was found that pore volume of coal as well as oxygen containing materials in solvent were direct determinants of slurry viscosity. For example, when the slurry consists of brown coal and hydrotreated oil, coal concentration almost as high as 50 wt% can be achieved.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 2000
61