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01850 Prospect of offshore wind energy development in Japan
07
Alternative
energy
sources
(others,
including
development.
economics)
to the design, failure logging. configuration control and maintenanct planning is evident. This paper describes the importance of such a tool, the functional specifications that should bc met and the experience with implementation of such a system at a wind turbine manufacturer. 03/01849 Proposed offshore wind farm consents process in the UK: some considerations Dower. E. J. K. e’t (11. Intc,~~~cr~iorlul .IOU~IZI/ (I/ EII~~~~(J~I~,~I~ .Slr.rrrriwhl~, /~~,l’r/o(,n7eflr. 2002. I, (4). 3x0 -396. The objectives of the study were to define the full details of the consenting process for offshore wind farms in territorial waters (in England and Wales) and to develop guidance aimed primarily at developers outlining the consenting process in its entirety. Conclusions included the formalization of available routes to consents for developers; the formalization of the requirement for a DTI Offshore Renewables Consents Unit providing a single point of contact for developers and government departments, helping to streamline the consents process; identification of tasks for and interrelationships of all consenting authorities and information needs for developers; the publishing and circulation of draft guidance notes by the DTI to other government departments and industry members for consultation in November 2001. 03/01850 Prospect of offshore wind energy development in Japan Kogaki. 7‘. cr ul. Interm~ioncrl Journul 01 Btvirommvzt Su~toinuhk De1&pnrcnr. 2002. I. (4). 304-3 I I In Japan. the cumulative capacity of wind turbine generation system\ on land has increased steadily in recent years. To install a large number of wind turbines has inherent problems such as shortage of suitable land, and inadequate infrastructure such as power cables and roads. The necessity for development of offshore wind turbine generation systems has been recognized based on the above backgrounds. An expert committee to survey the prospect of offshore wind turbine generation in Japan was organized last year. In this paper, the prospect of offshore wind energy development in Japan is reported based on the discussion in the committee. As a result, it was found that there are some undesirable circumstances for offshore wind energy utilization in Japan. For that reason, technological innovation is needed as well as an increase in scale of wind farms in order to achieve an economical profit. The difficulty in realizing of offshore wind farms in Japan relates to Japanese inshore conditions, various legal regulations and fishing rights issues. 03/01851 Regional wind energy assessment technique with aoolications T’aiawneh, Q. Y. and Sahin, A. D. Energ!, Cor~errsion and Mmtrgmwnt. 2003. 44. (9), 1563-1574. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the average wind speed in some parts of Jordan using a standard regional dependence function (SRDF) based on the concept of the point cumulative semivariogram (PCSV). The SRDF method provides weights for different regional sites depending on the distance from the pivot site. The closer the site the larger are the weights of the site, and these weights are used as predicting tools. This method gives reliable results in estimating wind speed in Jordan during most months in the year, except in summer. The method can be used also in determining the borders between different wind regimes. The PCSV and SRDF graphs explain the transition zones between the climatic regions of Jordan. 03/01852 Tidal influence resource predictions Khan, D. and Infield, D. Sustainahk
The rise offshore quantified Statistical turbulence offshore
on offshore
wind
Internationul
Journul
fields
and
of’ Env,ronmcnt
I, (4), 312-326. and fall of the sea surface due to tides effectively moves an wind turbine hub through the wind shear profile. This effect is using measured data from three offshore UK sites. evidence of the influence of tide on mean wind speed and is presented. The implications of this effect for predicting wind resource are outlined. Development.
2002.
Others, including development, economics 03/01853 investment renewable Bode. S. and
Avoiding perverse effects of baseline and addltionatity determination in the case of energy projects Michaelowa, A. Energ? P&c>.. 2003. 31. (6). 5OS- 517
314
and
Fuel
Energy
Abstracts
September
2003
As part ot the international climate negotiation\ thcrc 1, ,, iot ,I/ discussion about methodologies for quantifving emission reduction\ 01 greenhouse ga\ reduction project5 ihascline dIscussion) and abollt granting emission reduction credit\ only 10 projects that arc addition;11 (investment additionality discussion). So far thih discu\Gon ha\ bccli fairly general and has not systrmatic,rll> analyaed the impact\ on investor decisions. These impacts were analyscd tt~l- the cahc 111 renewahlc energicg and show that the approaches under discu\siol! can all give pcl-\cl-sc inccnlivch IO in\c\t at unfavourable \itc\. ‘l‘hu\. higher CO2 abatement co\ts than lvithout ;Iny cl-editing s?~lcm might 1’5 reulired Iresuiting in Inefficirncieh in climate policy. To ~~crcomc thl\ problem a new investment additionality concept is-introducrd and it 1, proposed that thcrc i\ only one cmi\\ion reduction factor- tar each clcctricity grid. 03101854 Bioenergy and water - the implications of largescale bioenergy production for water use and supply Berndes, G. Glohrtl Dtr~iro~mo~to/ C’hongc, 2002. 12. (4). 253 17 I There are major expectations that hioenergy will supply large amounts of CO2 neutral energy for the future. A large-scale expansion of energy crop production would lead to a large increase in evapotranspiration approprlatlon for human uses, potentially as large it the present evapotranspiration from global cropland. In some countries this could lead to further enhancement of an already stressed water situation, But there are also countries where such impacts are less likely to occur. One major conclusion for future research is that asaessmcnts of bioenergy potentials need to con\idcr restrictions from competing demand for water resources. 03101855 Danish energy reform: policy implications for renewables Meyer, N. I. and Koefoed. A. L. t‘rzr,rg,r Polrt 1’. 2003. 3 I. (7). 5Y7 607. For decades, renewables have been promoted’in Denmark by the feedin model (fixed price scheme) with favourable tariffs for green electricity. This has resulted in successful penetration of wind power covering more than 13% of Danish electricity consumption (2001). Changing the promotional scheme to a quota-based system with tradable green certificates has been on the political agenda since JYYY. Danish energy policy with focus on the This article discusses implications for the penetration and deployment of rcncwables. It has turned out to be more complicated than anticipated to crcatc an efficient operational system for trade in green certificates. and the starting date for tradmg has been postponed several times. The national green certificates market was to be fully operational by the beginning of 2003. however, political negotiations in the fall of 2001 seem to postpone the initiation of the certificate market until 2005. Transitional rules for green electricity during the period from 2003 to 2005 are under negotiation after a national election in November 2001. Thi, situation has created widespread uncertainty among potential investors in green electricity. The article evaluates a number of problems related to the shift in Danish energy policy. 03/01858 Environmental and economic effects of renewable energy sources use on a local case study Cosmi. C. ?I trl. Enrage, Po/ic,v. 2003. 31. (5). 443-457. Renewable sources represent an effective alternative to fossil fuels for preventing resources depletion and for reducing air pollution. However, their diffusion requires huge capital investment and major infrastructure changes, which have to he assessed to verify their cffcctiveness. The article presents an application of the R-MARKAL. model to investigate the feasibility of renewable use on a local case study for electricity and thermal energy production. A comprehensive modelling approach is used to emphasize the relationships and feedback between conversion and demand sectors (residential, services and commercial), taking into account contemporaneously legal issues and physical limits of the system. The model’s solutions represent the minimum cost choice and +he results show that even in absence of exogenous environmental constraints, many renewable technologies are profitable demand device and their investment costs are paid off in a medium term by lower operating and maintenance expenditures. In this context the use of thermal energy from incinerator allows one to achieve a consistent reduction of atmospheric pollutant emissions and, particularly. of greenhouse gases emissions due to waste degradation. 03/01857 European schemes for promoting renewables in liberalised markets Meyer, N. I. .!&?y,r Po/ic~,. 2003. 3 I. (7), 665-676. The paper describes possibilities and problems for penetration of supply systems based on renewable energy sources in liberalized markets. The analysis is based on recent development in EU with different models for support of installations based on renewable energy. These include feed-in modela with guaranteed minimum tariffs, tender models for different bands of technologies. and green certificates trading models with obligatory consumer quota. The paperin selected European countrie\. describes the market situation
Alternative
energy
sources
(others,
including
development.
economics)
to the design, failure logging. configuration control and maintenanct planning is evident. This paper describes the importance of such a tool, the functional specifications that should bc met and the experience with implementation of such a system at a wind turbine manufacturer. 03/01849 Proposed offshore wind farm consents process in the UK: some considerations Dower. E. J. K. e’t (11. Intc,~~~cr~iorlul .IOU~IZI/ (I/ EII~~~~(J~I~,~I~ .Slr.rrrriwhl~, /~~,l’r/o(,n7eflr. 2002. I, (4). 3x0 -396. The objectives of the study were to define the full details of the consenting process for offshore wind farms in territorial waters (in England and Wales) and to develop guidance aimed primarily at developers outlining the consenting process in its entirety. Conclusions included the formalization of available routes to consents for developers; the formalization of the requirement for a DTI Offshore Renewables Consents Unit providing a single point of contact for developers and government departments, helping to streamline the consents process; identification of tasks for and interrelationships of all consenting authorities and information needs for developers; the publishing and circulation of draft guidance notes by the DTI to other government departments and industry members for consultation in November 2001. 03/01850 Prospect of offshore wind energy development in Japan Kogaki. 7‘. cr ul. Interm~ioncrl Journul 01 Btvirommvzt Su~toinuhk De1&pnrcnr. 2002. I. (4). 304-3 I I In Japan. the cumulative capacity of wind turbine generation system\ on land has increased steadily in recent years. To install a large number of wind turbines has inherent problems such as shortage of suitable land, and inadequate infrastructure such as power cables and roads. The necessity for development of offshore wind turbine generation systems has been recognized based on the above backgrounds. An expert committee to survey the prospect of offshore wind turbine generation in Japan was organized last year. In this paper, the prospect of offshore wind energy development in Japan is reported based on the discussion in the committee. As a result, it was found that there are some undesirable circumstances for offshore wind energy utilization in Japan. For that reason, technological innovation is needed as well as an increase in scale of wind farms in order to achieve an economical profit. The difficulty in realizing of offshore wind farms in Japan relates to Japanese inshore conditions, various legal regulations and fishing rights issues. 03/01851 Regional wind energy assessment technique with aoolications T’aiawneh, Q. Y. and Sahin, A. D. Energ!, Cor~errsion and Mmtrgmwnt. 2003. 44. (9), 1563-1574. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the average wind speed in some parts of Jordan using a standard regional dependence function (SRDF) based on the concept of the point cumulative semivariogram (PCSV). The SRDF method provides weights for different regional sites depending on the distance from the pivot site. The closer the site the larger are the weights of the site, and these weights are used as predicting tools. This method gives reliable results in estimating wind speed in Jordan during most months in the year, except in summer. The method can be used also in determining the borders between different wind regimes. The PCSV and SRDF graphs explain the transition zones between the climatic regions of Jordan. 03/01852 Tidal influence resource predictions Khan, D. and Infield, D. Sustainahk
The rise offshore quantified Statistical turbulence offshore
on offshore
wind
Internationul
Journul
fields
and
of’ Env,ronmcnt
I, (4), 312-326. and fall of the sea surface due to tides effectively moves an wind turbine hub through the wind shear profile. This effect is using measured data from three offshore UK sites. evidence of the influence of tide on mean wind speed and is presented. The implications of this effect for predicting wind resource are outlined. Development.
2002.
Others, including development, economics 03/01853 investment renewable Bode. S. and
Avoiding perverse effects of baseline and addltionatity determination in the case of energy projects Michaelowa, A. Energ? P&c>.. 2003. 31. (6). 5OS- 517
314
and
Fuel
Energy
Abstracts
September
2003
As part ot the international climate negotiation\ thcrc 1, ,, iot ,I/ discussion about methodologies for quantifving emission reduction\ 01 greenhouse ga\ reduction project5 ihascline dIscussion) and abollt granting emission reduction credit\ only 10 projects that arc addition;11 (investment additionality discussion). So far thih discu\Gon ha\ bccli fairly general and has not systrmatic,rll> analyaed the impact\ on investor decisions. These impacts were analyscd tt~l- the cahc 111 renewahlc energicg and show that the approaches under discu\siol! can all give pcl-\cl-sc inccnlivch IO in\c\t at unfavourable \itc\. ‘l‘hu\. higher CO2 abatement co\ts than lvithout ;Iny cl-editing s?~lcm might 1’5 reulired Iresuiting in Inefficirncieh in climate policy. To ~~crcomc thl\ problem a new investment additionality concept is-introducrd and it 1, proposed that thcrc i\ only one cmi\\ion reduction factor- tar each clcctricity grid. 03101854 Bioenergy and water - the implications of largescale bioenergy production for water use and supply Berndes, G. Glohrtl Dtr~iro~mo~to/ C’hongc, 2002. 12. (4). 253 17 I There are major expectations that hioenergy will supply large amounts of CO2 neutral energy for the future. A large-scale expansion of energy crop production would lead to a large increase in evapotranspiration approprlatlon for human uses, potentially as large it the present evapotranspiration from global cropland. In some countries this could lead to further enhancement of an already stressed water situation, But there are also countries where such impacts are less likely to occur. One major conclusion for future research is that asaessmcnts of bioenergy potentials need to con\idcr restrictions from competing demand for water resources. 03101855 Danish energy reform: policy implications for renewables Meyer, N. I. and Koefoed. A. L. t‘rzr,rg,r Polrt 1’. 2003. 3 I. (7). 5Y7 607. For decades, renewables have been promoted’in Denmark by the feedin model (fixed price scheme) with favourable tariffs for green electricity. This has resulted in successful penetration of wind power covering more than 13% of Danish electricity consumption (2001). Changing the promotional scheme to a quota-based system with tradable green certificates has been on the political agenda since JYYY. Danish energy policy with focus on the This article discusses implications for the penetration and deployment of rcncwables. It has turned out to be more complicated than anticipated to crcatc an efficient operational system for trade in green certificates. and the starting date for tradmg has been postponed several times. The national green certificates market was to be fully operational by the beginning of 2003. however, political negotiations in the fall of 2001 seem to postpone the initiation of the certificate market until 2005. Transitional rules for green electricity during the period from 2003 to 2005 are under negotiation after a national election in November 2001. Thi, situation has created widespread uncertainty among potential investors in green electricity. The article evaluates a number of problems related to the shift in Danish energy policy. 03/01858 Environmental and economic effects of renewable energy sources use on a local case study Cosmi. C. ?I trl. Enrage, Po/ic,v. 2003. 31. (5). 443-457. Renewable sources represent an effective alternative to fossil fuels for preventing resources depletion and for reducing air pollution. However, their diffusion requires huge capital investment and major infrastructure changes, which have to he assessed to verify their cffcctiveness. The article presents an application of the R-MARKAL. model to investigate the feasibility of renewable use on a local case study for electricity and thermal energy production. A comprehensive modelling approach is used to emphasize the relationships and feedback between conversion and demand sectors (residential, services and commercial), taking into account contemporaneously legal issues and physical limits of the system. The model’s solutions represent the minimum cost choice and +he results show that even in absence of exogenous environmental constraints, many renewable technologies are profitable demand device and their investment costs are paid off in a medium term by lower operating and maintenance expenditures. In this context the use of thermal energy from incinerator allows one to achieve a consistent reduction of atmospheric pollutant emissions and, particularly. of greenhouse gases emissions due to waste degradation. 03/01857 European schemes for promoting renewables in liberalised markets Meyer, N. I. .!&?y,r Po/ic~,. 2003. 3 I. (7), 665-676. The paper describes possibilities and problems for penetration of supply systems based on renewable energy sources in liberalized markets. The analysis is based on recent development in EU with different models for support of installations based on renewable energy. These include feed-in modela with guaranteed minimum tariffs, tender models for different bands of technologies. and green certificates trading models with obligatory consumer quota. The paperin selected European countrie\. describes the market situation