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00567 An endogenous technological learning formulation for fossil fuel resources
17 Energy (supplies, policy, economics, forecasts) China is the second largest energy consumer in the world. This paper reviews the production and consumption of traditional and renewable energy in China over the past three decades. It also presents an overview on the research and development of renewable energy, such as solar, biomass, geothermal, ocean and wind energy in China. Study indicated that the usage of renewable energy in China shows a promising prospect in the near future, of which biomass is found to be one of the most promising renewable energy resources that have great potential for development in China. 04/00566 Alternatives for the elimination of crosssubsidies: the case of Brazil Voll, S. P. et al. The Electricity Journal, 2003, 16, (4) 66-71. The constellation of measures that relate to cross-subsidies-deverticalization, tariff realignment, bilateral contracting, and promotion of free customers-are no longer internally consistent in the government’s latest scheme. Three solutions can be proposed that would eliminate cross-subsidies and make tariffs for large customers cost-based. 04/00567 An enclogenous technological learning formulation for fossil fuel resources Seifritz, W. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2003, 28, (1 l), 1293-1298. A series of models, based predominantly on the logistic product, is presented. The models contain an endogenous technological learning index which gives rise to an enlarged not yet occupied niche, and thus, to an asymptotically enlarged resource basis. The learning effect is formulated in terms of powers of the cumulatively depleted resource. The combination of the resource depletion process and the accompanying technological learning effects form an environment where a multiplication of an originally assumed reserve can emerge. Some light is shed on the non-linear mathematics behind this scenario. 04100568 Demuth, 2003, 52, Background advanced ‘Energy’. of energy enthalpies,
Basic R.
concept
Praxis
der
of energy Naturwissenschaften,
Chemie
in der
Schule,
(l),
13-20. (In German) information for school chemical teachers in secondary and secondary school is given concerning the basic concept of Definition of energy, energy storage and utilization, efficiency conversion, energy storage in carrier materials, reaction bond energy, and energy and entropy are discussed.
04100569 Benefits from increased cooperation and energy trade under CO* commitments -the Nordic case Unger, T. and Ekvall, T. Climate Policy, 2003, 3, (3), 279-294. In this paper, benefits from increasing cross-border cooperation under future CO* commitments in the Nordic countries are examined and evaluated. Four cooperative strategies are analysed and valued separately: cross-border electricity trade, cross-border emission-permit trade, the introduction of a trans-Nordic natural gas transmission grid, and, finally, utilization of all these three strategies simultaneously. The valuation is done under varying COz commitments and under three different scenarios for future energy demand and technological development. In conducting this analysis, the energy-systems modelgenerator MARKAL (MARKet ALlocation) was used to model the Nordic energy system. It is shown that all cooperative strategies do lower the abatement costs considerably, especially if the strategy including full cooperation is utilized. In this case, additional costs from meeting COa targets may be at least halved for commitments less than 10% reduction until 2050 based on emissions in 1995. No significant difference between low and high COa commitments could be observed in the size of the benefits from cooperation, expressed in billions (109) of Swedish crowns. Benefits from cooperation are generally larger for scenarios including relatively higher future energy demand. 04/00570 Diagnosing the California electricity crisis Wolak, F. A. The Electricity Journal, 2003, 16, (7) 11-37. A key lesson is that FERC must regulate, rather than simply monitor, wholesale electricity markets. Rather than focusing its attention on monitoring market performance, FERC should instead concentrate on designing proactive protocols for rapid regulatory intervention to correct market design flaws as quickly as possible and order refunds as soon as unjust and unreasonable prices are found. 04/00571 Energy efficiency preventing the next crisis Bachrach, D. The Electricity Policymakers and regulators manage a robust portfolio of their customers, reversing electricity industry restructuring 68
Fuel
and
Energy
leadership
Abstracts
2003,
January
04100573 Issues on global warming, energy and food from the long-term point of view Mori, S. Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, 2003, 82, (l), 25-30. (In Japanese) Needless to say, food is the basic factor of the human life. To secure the food production, humankind have struggled for long. Although food production has enormously grown up in the 20th century because of the chemical fertilizer production, soil other agricultural technological progress and water resource management systems. However, it is cautioned that the global environmental issues, especially the global warming, may affect the biosphere including agricultural production However, biomass energy use is often expected to substitute the fossil fuel consumption and to provide the sustain- able energy sources. This paper discusses the recent scientific findings on the relations among food production, global warming and food demand. The interactions among the economic activities, energy strategies and food productivity are also described using an integrated assessment model MARIA. Although there remain large uncertainties in the assessments of future food supply availability, these studies suggest that the management of food production is still the key issue in the sustainable society. 04100574 Market power and demand responsiveness: letting customers protect themselves Rosenzweig, M. B. et al. The Electricity Journal, 2003, 16, (4), 1 l-23. To solve the real source of market failure - the demand side of the market not being able to respond to price - a demand-response mechanism can provide customers a way to react to high prices without interfering with the normal supply-side corrective market process, such as investment in additional capacity. 04/00575 Strategizing in the deregulating energy markets: two steps forward, one step back, and where next? Andersen, T. J. and Remedios, A. J. The Electricity Journal, 2003, 16, (7), 86-94. While the buoyant mood during the heyday of electricity deregulation may have been excessive, the currently prevailing negative mood appears to be equally excessive. It’s easy to overlook the fact that strategic opportunities remain to be exploited in electricity retailing by astute organizations and that the appropriate use of information technology remains an essential strategic enhancer. 04/00576 The contribution of biomass in the future global energy supply: a review of 17 studies Berndes, G. et al. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2003, 25, (l), 1-28. This paper discusses the contribution of biomass in the future global energy supply. The discussion is based on a review of 17 earlier studies on the subject. These studies have arrived at widely different conclusions about the possible contribution of biomass in the future global energy supply (e.g. from below 100 EJ year-’ to above 400 EJ year -i in 2050). The major reason for the differences is that the two most crucial parameters - land availability and yield levels in energy crop production - are very uncertain, and subject to widely different opinions (e.p. the assessed 2050 planation supply ranges from below 50 EJ year). However, also the expectations to almost 240 EJ year about future availability of forest wood and of residues from agriculture and forestry vary substantially among the studies. The question how an expanding bioenergy sector would interact with other land uses, such as food production, biodiversity, soil and nature conservation, and carbon sequestration has been insufficiently analysed in the studies. It is therefore difficult to establish to what extent bioenergy is an attractive option for climate change mitigation in the energy sector. A refined modelling of interactions between different uses and bioenergy, food and materials production - i.e. of competition for resources, and of synergies between different uses -would facilitate an improved understanding of the prospects for large-scale bioenergy and of future land-use and biomass management in general.
in California:
16, (6), 37-47. have restored utilities’ responsibility long-term investments for the benefit one of the fundamental mistakes in California.
Journal,
04/00572 Foreign projects in China’s power industry: tariff reductions and renegotiations Wee, S. and Wee, K. The Electricity Journal, 2003, 16, (6) 5465. A tariff differential arising through differences in returns and costs between foreign-invested plants and local plants has been the cause of much suffering for foreign investors. The resulting pressure for tariff reductions and/or renegotiation of power purchasing agreements is affected by the erosion of the value proposition justifying higher tariffs, the availability of legal recourse, and the presence of ‘soft’ sanctions in the system.
2004
to of of
04/00577 The electricity market in Queensland Phunnarungsi, V. and Dixon, G. The Electricity Journal, 2003, 16, (4) 72-79. The generation market is an oligopoly dominated by four major players, in which mediumand large-size end users are currently able to choose the retailer that offers them the best price.
Basic R.
concept
Praxis
der
of energy Naturwissenschaften,
Chemie
in der
Schule,
(l),
13-20. (In German) information for school chemical teachers in secondary and secondary school is given concerning the basic concept of Definition of energy, energy storage and utilization, efficiency conversion, energy storage in carrier materials, reaction bond energy, and energy and entropy are discussed.
04100569 Benefits from increased cooperation and energy trade under CO* commitments -the Nordic case Unger, T. and Ekvall, T. Climate Policy, 2003, 3, (3), 279-294. In this paper, benefits from increasing cross-border cooperation under future CO* commitments in the Nordic countries are examined and evaluated. Four cooperative strategies are analysed and valued separately: cross-border electricity trade, cross-border emission-permit trade, the introduction of a trans-Nordic natural gas transmission grid, and, finally, utilization of all these three strategies simultaneously. The valuation is done under varying COz commitments and under three different scenarios for future energy demand and technological development. In conducting this analysis, the energy-systems modelgenerator MARKAL (MARKet ALlocation) was used to model the Nordic energy system. It is shown that all cooperative strategies do lower the abatement costs considerably, especially if the strategy including full cooperation is utilized. In this case, additional costs from meeting COa targets may be at least halved for commitments less than 10% reduction until 2050 based on emissions in 1995. No significant difference between low and high COa commitments could be observed in the size of the benefits from cooperation, expressed in billions (109) of Swedish crowns. Benefits from cooperation are generally larger for scenarios including relatively higher future energy demand. 04/00570 Diagnosing the California electricity crisis Wolak, F. A. The Electricity Journal, 2003, 16, (7) 11-37. A key lesson is that FERC must regulate, rather than simply monitor, wholesale electricity markets. Rather than focusing its attention on monitoring market performance, FERC should instead concentrate on designing proactive protocols for rapid regulatory intervention to correct market design flaws as quickly as possible and order refunds as soon as unjust and unreasonable prices are found. 04/00571 Energy efficiency preventing the next crisis Bachrach, D. The Electricity Policymakers and regulators manage a robust portfolio of their customers, reversing electricity industry restructuring 68
Fuel
and
Energy
leadership
Abstracts
2003,
January
04100573 Issues on global warming, energy and food from the long-term point of view Mori, S. Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, 2003, 82, (l), 25-30. (In Japanese) Needless to say, food is the basic factor of the human life. To secure the food production, humankind have struggled for long. Although food production has enormously grown up in the 20th century because of the chemical fertilizer production, soil other agricultural technological progress and water resource management systems. However, it is cautioned that the global environmental issues, especially the global warming, may affect the biosphere including agricultural production However, biomass energy use is often expected to substitute the fossil fuel consumption and to provide the sustain- able energy sources. This paper discusses the recent scientific findings on the relations among food production, global warming and food demand. The interactions among the economic activities, energy strategies and food productivity are also described using an integrated assessment model MARIA. Although there remain large uncertainties in the assessments of future food supply availability, these studies suggest that the management of food production is still the key issue in the sustainable society. 04100574 Market power and demand responsiveness: letting customers protect themselves Rosenzweig, M. B. et al. The Electricity Journal, 2003, 16, (4), 1 l-23. To solve the real source of market failure - the demand side of the market not being able to respond to price - a demand-response mechanism can provide customers a way to react to high prices without interfering with the normal supply-side corrective market process, such as investment in additional capacity. 04/00575 Strategizing in the deregulating energy markets: two steps forward, one step back, and where next? Andersen, T. J. and Remedios, A. J. The Electricity Journal, 2003, 16, (7), 86-94. While the buoyant mood during the heyday of electricity deregulation may have been excessive, the currently prevailing negative mood appears to be equally excessive. It’s easy to overlook the fact that strategic opportunities remain to be exploited in electricity retailing by astute organizations and that the appropriate use of information technology remains an essential strategic enhancer. 04/00576 The contribution of biomass in the future global energy supply: a review of 17 studies Berndes, G. et al. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2003, 25, (l), 1-28. This paper discusses the contribution of biomass in the future global energy supply. The discussion is based on a review of 17 earlier studies on the subject. These studies have arrived at widely different conclusions about the possible contribution of biomass in the future global energy supply (e.g. from below 100 EJ year-’ to above 400 EJ year -i in 2050). The major reason for the differences is that the two most crucial parameters - land availability and yield levels in energy crop production - are very uncertain, and subject to widely different opinions (e.p. the assessed 2050 planation supply ranges from below 50 EJ year). However, also the expectations to almost 240 EJ year about future availability of forest wood and of residues from agriculture and forestry vary substantially among the studies. The question how an expanding bioenergy sector would interact with other land uses, such as food production, biodiversity, soil and nature conservation, and carbon sequestration has been insufficiently analysed in the studies. It is therefore difficult to establish to what extent bioenergy is an attractive option for climate change mitigation in the energy sector. A refined modelling of interactions between different uses and bioenergy, food and materials production - i.e. of competition for resources, and of synergies between different uses -would facilitate an improved understanding of the prospects for large-scale bioenergy and of future land-use and biomass management in general.
in California:
16, (6), 37-47. have restored utilities’ responsibility long-term investments for the benefit one of the fundamental mistakes in California.
Journal,
04/00572 Foreign projects in China’s power industry: tariff reductions and renegotiations Wee, S. and Wee, K. The Electricity Journal, 2003, 16, (6) 5465. A tariff differential arising through differences in returns and costs between foreign-invested plants and local plants has been the cause of much suffering for foreign investors. The resulting pressure for tariff reductions and/or renegotiation of power purchasing agreements is affected by the erosion of the value proposition justifying higher tariffs, the availability of legal recourse, and the presence of ‘soft’ sanctions in the system.
2004
to of of
04/00577 The electricity market in Queensland Phunnarungsi, V. and Dixon, G. The Electricity Journal, 2003, 16, (4) 72-79. The generation market is an oligopoly dominated by four major players, in which mediumand large-size end users are currently able to choose the retailer that offers them the best price.