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00633 Study on CO2 gasification reactivity of chars obtained from Soma-Isklar lignite (Turkey) at various coking temperatures
02 Liquid fuels (sources, properties, recovery) fuel in Oz. The feedstock is preheated to a temperature above its melting point but below a coke or tar formation temperature and introduced into a high-speed flow of the high-temperature heat carrier fed into a reaction zone of a pyrolysis chamber, wherein hydrocarbons are heated to a temperature range of 700-2.500” at a heating rate of (4-S) x 105”C/s. The process is carried out at pressures of 0.3-5.0 MPa to change a composition of the generated heat carrier and control a composition of pyrolysis products. The process provides a synthesis gas, light hydrocarbons, fuel oil, coke, and carbon black. The method intensifies processing and extends assortment of products.
04/00626 Low-temperature co-pyrolysis of a low-rank and biomass to prepare smokeless fuel briquettes
coal
Bless, M. J. et al. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2003, 70, (2), 665-671. Smokeless fuel briquettes have been prepared with low-rank coal and biomass. These raw materials have been mixed in different ratios and have been pyrolysed at 600°C with the aim to reduce both the volatile matter and the sulphur content, and to increase the high calorific value (HCV). The co-pyrolysis of coal and biomass has shown a synergetic effect. The biomass favours the release of hydrogen sulphide during the thermal treatment. This fact can be explained in terms of the hydrogendonor character of the biomass. Moreover, the optimization of the amount of binder and the influence of different types of biomass in the blend have been studied with respect to the mechanical properties of the briquettes (impact resistance, compression strength and abrasion). Briquettes prepared with sawdust (S) present better mechanical properties than those with olive stones (0) because of its fibrous texture.
04100629
Mass synthesis
of carbon
nanotubes
Yana, J. Kogyo Zairyo, 2003, 51, (l), 34-37. (In Japanese) A review with mass synthesis of carbon nanotubes by gas phase and fluidization gas phase process.
04/00630 Prediction gasification reaction
model of coke strength
process
after
Yamaoka, H. and Suyama, S. ISIJ International, 2003,43, (3), 338-347. Mechanisms of the breakage and fines generation of cokes after gasification reaction were studied standing on the basic viewpoints as follows: (1) the coke is a compound of plural kinds of coke textures with respective strength and reactivity and both the strength and reactivity of coke in total are dominated by the coke textures composition and pore volume fraction, and (2) the change in the strength after gasification reaction is caused by the change in the coke textures composition and pore volume fraction due to the gasification reaction. According to the basic viewpoints, a mathematical model was developed which calculates the change in the coke textures (such as isotropic, mosaic, fibrous, leaflet, and inertinite), composition and pore volume fraction during gasification reaction and predicts the strength of coke after gasification reaction. Experiments were made on the gasification and size degradation of cokes using five kinds of coke samples with different coke textures composition and the model was confirmed useful to predict the reaction rates and the strengths after gasification reaction.
04100631 properties
Recent study of coal solvent of coal derived product
extraction
Slnag, A. et al. Chemical Engineering and Processing, 2003, 42, (12), 1027-1031. A kinetic study on the gasification of char with COz is presented in this paper. The chars from different coking temperatures show a different reactivity, which can be mostly attributed to kinetic parameters (EA, k,, u) and the specific surface area values. The kinetic analysis results with COz gasification of chars from the Soma-Islklar lignite present that COz gasification rates for chars are controlled by chemical reaction at experimental gasification temperature range. Therefore, the specific surface area and kinetic parameters of prepared chars from Soma-Islklar lignite should be considered as a very important factor for the gasification reactivity and rates.
0#00634 Study on erformance mechanism of pour point depressants with di ff erentiai scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffraction methods Zhang, J. et al. Fuel, 2003. 82, (11). 1419-1426. Adding pour point depressants (PPD) to lower the Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) of diesel fuels is an effective and economic way of improving the cold flow properties of the oils. EVAP is a new type of PPD and has an excellent effect in lowering the CFPP of most Chinese diesel fuels. To further the development of this PPD product, its performance mechanism was studied using four kinds of diesel fuels, each with a different response. Differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffraction methods were selected as the research measures. According to the experimental results, the growth rate paralleling to (001) plane was cumbered and the integrity of the crystal was greatly improved. The results analysis shows that the EVAP molecules have taken effect by co-crystallization. The crystallinity of the diesel fuels is an important factor in determining the responsibility of the oils.
04100635 Wood charcoal- and anthracite-based briquets with nitrate salt acceierant, especially barbecuing
fuel for
Tai, C. B. and Sharon, J. U.S. Pat. AUDI. Publ. US 2003 80.456 (Cl. 264-122; B29C67/00), i May 2003, US’Appl. 881,310. ’ Anthraciteand wood charcoal-containing fuel briquettes suitable for use in barbecuing incorporate an accelerant on the top and other ignition surfaces to effect easy ignition. The main fuel briquette is composed of wood charcoal 10-65, anthracite 35-90, and a starch binder; the accelerant is preferably a mixture of Na(NOs)z and BaW&.
02
LIQUID
FUELS
Sources,properties, recovery
and
Wang, F. et al. Meitan Zhuanhua, 2003, 26, (l), 8-l 1. (In Chinese) The mechanism of solvent extraction at mild conditions, the effect of the interaction among the coal molecules and the different kinds of solvent to the extraction yields were expounded. The cleanness of the extracts and the adsorption character of extract residues and the revision of surface properties through physical-chemical methods were reviewed. Through adding the surfactants, the changes of the hydrophilicityihydrophobicity, zeta potential and the nitrogen adsorption volume of the coal were observed. The experiment results suggested that by adding non-ionic surfactant Teric G12A8, the surface properties could be improved effectively, the adsorption volume of the nitrogen and the hydrophobicity were enhanced.
04100632 reactivity (CW
04100633 Study on COn gasification reactivity of chars obtained from Soma-iskiar lignite (Turkey) at various coking temperatures
Relation of the cold strength of coke to the coke index (CRI) and the coke strength after reaction
Morozov, 0. S. et al. Koks i Khimiyn, 2003, (l), 20-21. (In Russian) A statistical correlation is drawn between the strength of coke after reaction (CSR) and the coke reactivity index (CRI). The reaction of coke with carbon dioxide was studied, and a new parameter defined, the coke basis strength (CBS). This parameter is related to the mass large particle size coke remaining after the reaction for a specified time, which is then related to the CSR and CRI. Linear regression of all three indexes yields an explicit equation relating CSR to CRI.
04/00636 Aikyiation asphaitenes
and oxidation
reactions
of Arabian
Siddiqui, M. N. et al. Fuel, 2003, 82, (1 l), 1323-1329. Infrared and NMR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were employed to investigate the structural changes in the Arab heavy and Arab medium asphaltenes following the Friedel-Crafts alkylation and permanganate oxidation reactions. The results provided significant and in-depth information regarding the nature of chemical reactive sites present in asphaltenes. This work gave clear indication that the aromatic C-H group had undergone alkyl substitution reaction in presence of strong Lewis acid AlCls. The CHZ/CH3 groups oxidized to carboxylic acids and other carbonyl functional groups during the oxidation process. Since asphaltenes possess long aliphatic chains, condensed aromatic rings, heteroatoms and metals, information obtained from the structural changes during these reaction processes is considered very significant. The combinations of IR and NMR spectroscopy and TGA have proven to be very useful tools in assessing the structural changes occurred in the asphaltenes on subjecting to oxidation and alkylation reactions.
04/00637 Characterization and non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of some Turkish bituminous by thermal analysis Kizgut, S. and Yilmaz, 103-111. Fuel
S. Fuel Processing
and
Energy
Technology,
Abstracts
2003,
coals 85, (2-3).
March 2004
65
04/00626 Low-temperature co-pyrolysis of a low-rank and biomass to prepare smokeless fuel briquettes
coal
Bless, M. J. et al. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2003, 70, (2), 665-671. Smokeless fuel briquettes have been prepared with low-rank coal and biomass. These raw materials have been mixed in different ratios and have been pyrolysed at 600°C with the aim to reduce both the volatile matter and the sulphur content, and to increase the high calorific value (HCV). The co-pyrolysis of coal and biomass has shown a synergetic effect. The biomass favours the release of hydrogen sulphide during the thermal treatment. This fact can be explained in terms of the hydrogendonor character of the biomass. Moreover, the optimization of the amount of binder and the influence of different types of biomass in the blend have been studied with respect to the mechanical properties of the briquettes (impact resistance, compression strength and abrasion). Briquettes prepared with sawdust (S) present better mechanical properties than those with olive stones (0) because of its fibrous texture.
04100629
Mass synthesis
of carbon
nanotubes
Yana, J. Kogyo Zairyo, 2003, 51, (l), 34-37. (In Japanese) A review with mass synthesis of carbon nanotubes by gas phase and fluidization gas phase process.
04/00630 Prediction gasification reaction
model of coke strength
process
after
Yamaoka, H. and Suyama, S. ISIJ International, 2003,43, (3), 338-347. Mechanisms of the breakage and fines generation of cokes after gasification reaction were studied standing on the basic viewpoints as follows: (1) the coke is a compound of plural kinds of coke textures with respective strength and reactivity and both the strength and reactivity of coke in total are dominated by the coke textures composition and pore volume fraction, and (2) the change in the strength after gasification reaction is caused by the change in the coke textures composition and pore volume fraction due to the gasification reaction. According to the basic viewpoints, a mathematical model was developed which calculates the change in the coke textures (such as isotropic, mosaic, fibrous, leaflet, and inertinite), composition and pore volume fraction during gasification reaction and predicts the strength of coke after gasification reaction. Experiments were made on the gasification and size degradation of cokes using five kinds of coke samples with different coke textures composition and the model was confirmed useful to predict the reaction rates and the strengths after gasification reaction.
04100631 properties
Recent study of coal solvent of coal derived product
extraction
Slnag, A. et al. Chemical Engineering and Processing, 2003, 42, (12), 1027-1031. A kinetic study on the gasification of char with COz is presented in this paper. The chars from different coking temperatures show a different reactivity, which can be mostly attributed to kinetic parameters (EA, k,, u) and the specific surface area values. The kinetic analysis results with COz gasification of chars from the Soma-Islklar lignite present that COz gasification rates for chars are controlled by chemical reaction at experimental gasification temperature range. Therefore, the specific surface area and kinetic parameters of prepared chars from Soma-Islklar lignite should be considered as a very important factor for the gasification reactivity and rates.
0#00634 Study on erformance mechanism of pour point depressants with di ff erentiai scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffraction methods Zhang, J. et al. Fuel, 2003. 82, (11). 1419-1426. Adding pour point depressants (PPD) to lower the Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) of diesel fuels is an effective and economic way of improving the cold flow properties of the oils. EVAP is a new type of PPD and has an excellent effect in lowering the CFPP of most Chinese diesel fuels. To further the development of this PPD product, its performance mechanism was studied using four kinds of diesel fuels, each with a different response. Differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffraction methods were selected as the research measures. According to the experimental results, the growth rate paralleling to (001) plane was cumbered and the integrity of the crystal was greatly improved. The results analysis shows that the EVAP molecules have taken effect by co-crystallization. The crystallinity of the diesel fuels is an important factor in determining the responsibility of the oils.
04100635 Wood charcoal- and anthracite-based briquets with nitrate salt acceierant, especially barbecuing
fuel for
Tai, C. B. and Sharon, J. U.S. Pat. AUDI. Publ. US 2003 80.456 (Cl. 264-122; B29C67/00), i May 2003, US’Appl. 881,310. ’ Anthraciteand wood charcoal-containing fuel briquettes suitable for use in barbecuing incorporate an accelerant on the top and other ignition surfaces to effect easy ignition. The main fuel briquette is composed of wood charcoal 10-65, anthracite 35-90, and a starch binder; the accelerant is preferably a mixture of Na(NOs)z and BaW&.
02
LIQUID
FUELS
Sources,properties, recovery
and
Wang, F. et al. Meitan Zhuanhua, 2003, 26, (l), 8-l 1. (In Chinese) The mechanism of solvent extraction at mild conditions, the effect of the interaction among the coal molecules and the different kinds of solvent to the extraction yields were expounded. The cleanness of the extracts and the adsorption character of extract residues and the revision of surface properties through physical-chemical methods were reviewed. Through adding the surfactants, the changes of the hydrophilicityihydrophobicity, zeta potential and the nitrogen adsorption volume of the coal were observed. The experiment results suggested that by adding non-ionic surfactant Teric G12A8, the surface properties could be improved effectively, the adsorption volume of the nitrogen and the hydrophobicity were enhanced.
04100632 reactivity (CW
04100633 Study on COn gasification reactivity of chars obtained from Soma-iskiar lignite (Turkey) at various coking temperatures
Relation of the cold strength of coke to the coke index (CRI) and the coke strength after reaction
Morozov, 0. S. et al. Koks i Khimiyn, 2003, (l), 20-21. (In Russian) A statistical correlation is drawn between the strength of coke after reaction (CSR) and the coke reactivity index (CRI). The reaction of coke with carbon dioxide was studied, and a new parameter defined, the coke basis strength (CBS). This parameter is related to the mass large particle size coke remaining after the reaction for a specified time, which is then related to the CSR and CRI. Linear regression of all three indexes yields an explicit equation relating CSR to CRI.
04/00636 Aikyiation asphaitenes
and oxidation
reactions
of Arabian
Siddiqui, M. N. et al. Fuel, 2003, 82, (1 l), 1323-1329. Infrared and NMR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were employed to investigate the structural changes in the Arab heavy and Arab medium asphaltenes following the Friedel-Crafts alkylation and permanganate oxidation reactions. The results provided significant and in-depth information regarding the nature of chemical reactive sites present in asphaltenes. This work gave clear indication that the aromatic C-H group had undergone alkyl substitution reaction in presence of strong Lewis acid AlCls. The CHZ/CH3 groups oxidized to carboxylic acids and other carbonyl functional groups during the oxidation process. Since asphaltenes possess long aliphatic chains, condensed aromatic rings, heteroatoms and metals, information obtained from the structural changes during these reaction processes is considered very significant. The combinations of IR and NMR spectroscopy and TGA have proven to be very useful tools in assessing the structural changes occurred in the asphaltenes on subjecting to oxidation and alkylation reactions.
04/00637 Characterization and non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of some Turkish bituminous by thermal analysis Kizgut, S. and Yilmaz, 103-111. Fuel
S. Fuel Processing
and
Energy
Technology,
Abstracts
2003,
coals 85, (2-3).
March 2004
65