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1123. Apparatus for studying friction and adhesive interactions in vacuo
Classified abstracts 1118-1130 CH4. The apparatus consists of a sorption-diffusion column and a gas detector. V N Khoklov et al, Zavodsk Lab, 37 (10), 1971, 1180-1182 (in Russian). 37 1118. Determination of hydrogen content in metals with the aid of an omegatron partial pressure analyzer. (USSR) A variety of the dynamic method for determination of small quantities of hydrogen in solid materials is described, which is based on automatic recording of the output signal of an omegatron partial pressure analyzer previously calibrated by a hydrogen flow produced with the aid of a palladium admittance tube during continuous pumping. A baked glass system with base pressure of 1 × 10_7 torr is used for the extraction analysis. The error of the measurement is about 9 per cent and it is connected with the error of calibration of the arrangement and the spread of results. Quantitative analysis of the outgassing curves enables determination of the kinetic parameters of the process. L A Andreev and B G Gelman, Zavodsk Lab, 37 (10), 1971, 1205-1207
(in Russian). 37 1119. A new variant of the compensation method of vapour pressure measurement. (USSR) A new variant of the compensation method of vapour pressure measurement of different chemical compounds is described. A piston of liquid B203 heated to 600°C is used as an indicator of zero pressure difference. A S Borsehevskly and N D Roeakov, Zavod~k Lab, 37 (10), 1971, 1214-1215 (in Russian). 37 1120. Electrical and photoelectric properties of TIGaS2, TIGaSe~ and TlInS2 single crystals. (USSR) Electrical and photoelectric properties of TIGaS2, TIGaSez and TlinS2 single crystals are investigated in vacuum at 10-'~ torr in the temperature range 90 to 400°K. The single crystals were prepared by the Bridgman method. I A Karpovich et al, Neorg Mater, 8 (1), 1972, 70-72 (in Russian). 37 1121. Monitoring of the gas phase in the growth of silicon carbide crystals. (USSR) An emission spectro-chromatograph is used for checking of gas phase during the growth of silicon carbide single crystals. Sensitivity of analysis for N~ and CO is 3 to 5 × 10-3 volume per cent. Yu M Tayrov and V F Tsvetkov, Prib Tekh Eksper, No 5, 1971, 229231 (in Russian). 37 1122. High-temperature set-up with continuous recording of internal friction and modulus of elasticity. (USSR) A high-temperature set-up for continuous recording of internal friction and modulus of elasticity of materials in vacuum at 10 4 torr is described. V S Postnikov et al, Zavodsk Lab, 37 (10), 1971, 1255-1257 (in
Russian). 37 1123. Apparatus for studying friction and adhesive interactions in vacuo. (USSR) The disadvantages of existing test machines for studying friction and wear in vacuo are discussed. Thus, for example, after each change of sample a long time is required to reduce the system again to the required low residual pressure. In the new apparatus here proposed, an additional (auxiliary) vacuum chamber with a high-quality seal is incorporated, and special measures are applied in order to prevent leakage during the interchange of samples. The leakage-prevention system consists essentially of two coaxial bushes with oblique, matching cuts in their sides. The cuts deflect leaking gas molecules and the latter pass harmlessly into the auxiliary chamber. G L Saksaganskii, USSR Patent No 283650, appl 17th April 1969, pubM 8th April 1971. 38. DISTILLATION, ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, ISOTOPE GAS ANALYSIS 38 1124. Isotope effect in the solubility of hydrogen in fcc metals. (Germany) A method for calculating the isotope effect in the solubility of hydrogen isotopes in fcc metals is proposed. The results of calculation are 432
compared with experimental data on the solubility of hydrogen and deuterium in metals. (USSR) V B Vykhodets et al, Phys Stat Sol (a), 9 (1), Jan 1972, 289-300.
IV. Materials and techniques used in vacuum technology 40. GAS AND VAPOURS 40 1125. Apparatus for fine purification of argon. (USSR) An apparatus containing a zeolite drier and titanium reactor for the purification of argon, used as an inert ambient in the annealing and soldering of components and assemblies of electro-vacuum devices, is described. The apparatus guarantees preparation of argon with water content of 2 / 1 0 -~ volume per cent and oxygen content of 1 ~: l0 -~ volume per cent. S I Gonikberg, Electronic Technol, Scient-Tech Coil, UHF Electronics, No 9, 1971, 99-101 (in Russian). 40 1126. Activation of palladium filters for purification of hydrogen. (USSR) A method of depositing titanium hydride porous coatings on palladium plates is developed, to increase hydrogen permeation through the palladium plates at lower temperatures. B L Rubashkin et al, Electronics Technol, Scient-Tech Coil, Technol Organization of Production, No 5, 1971, 81-85 (in Russian). 41. METALS AND ALLOYS 4l 1127. Hydroextrusion of tungsten and its influence on some properties of work-pieces. (USSR) Results of application of a new method of treatment of difficultlydeformable metals with the aid of high-pressure liquid are described. It is shown that a possible application of the hydroextrusion method is the preparation of single-crystal tungsten rods and bars (by multiple deformation and annealing) with good mechanical properties for the needs of electro-vacuum technology. V M Amosov et al, Elektrovak Tekh, No 51, 197l, 54-59 (in Russian). 42. GLASS, CERAMICS AND REFRACTORY OXIDES 42 1128. Radio-frequency defectoscopy of ceramic envelopes of gasdischarge devices. (USSR) A method of non-destructive testing for ceramic envelopes of gasdischarge devices, based on the passage of ultrahigh-frequency waves through the ceramic envelopes, is described. Defects such as cracks, cavities and inhomogeoeities, leading to violation of vacuumtightness after thermal loading of the envelopes, can be detected using this method. L M Tuherovskiy, Electronic Technol, Scient-Tech Coil, Gas-discharge Devices, No 2, 197 l, 130-134 (in Russian). 42 1129. Paste for metallizing forsterite ceramic parts. (USSR) An improved paste for the metallization of forsterite parts used in the electrical vacuum industry is proposed. In order to obviate the current difficulty in pastes of this kind, namely, their tendency to break up at high temperatures, a binder consisting of polybutyl methacrylate in acetone is employed. The solvent is butyl alcohol. The metallizing mixture comprises molybdenum with ~ 1 - 5 per cent of titanium hydride and chromium oxide added. These constituents enable excellent films 3 ~ 4 0 / t i n thick to be formed on the surface of the forsterite parts; the metallized parts withstand subsequent soldering. G E Kaspirovich et al, USSR Patent No 311293, appl 7th April 1970, publd 3Oth Sept 1971. 46. GLASS BLOWING, GLASS-TO-METAL AND CERAMICTO-METAL SEALING TECHNIQUES 46 1130. Comparison of stresses arising in cylindrical and plane samples of matched glass-to-metal seals. (USSR) Stresses arising in plane matched glass-to-metal seals are determined by the polarization-optical method. It is found that permissible stress in plane glass-to-metal matched seals has a magnitude of 0.31 kg/mm 2. V F Volkova, Elektrovak Tekh, No 52, 1971, 34-35 (in Russian).
(in Russian). 37 1119. A new variant of the compensation method of vapour pressure measurement. (USSR) A new variant of the compensation method of vapour pressure measurement of different chemical compounds is described. A piston of liquid B203 heated to 600°C is used as an indicator of zero pressure difference. A S Borsehevskly and N D Roeakov, Zavod~k Lab, 37 (10), 1971, 1214-1215 (in Russian). 37 1120. Electrical and photoelectric properties of TIGaS2, TIGaSe~ and TlInS2 single crystals. (USSR) Electrical and photoelectric properties of TIGaS2, TIGaSez and TlinS2 single crystals are investigated in vacuum at 10-'~ torr in the temperature range 90 to 400°K. The single crystals were prepared by the Bridgman method. I A Karpovich et al, Neorg Mater, 8 (1), 1972, 70-72 (in Russian). 37 1121. Monitoring of the gas phase in the growth of silicon carbide crystals. (USSR) An emission spectro-chromatograph is used for checking of gas phase during the growth of silicon carbide single crystals. Sensitivity of analysis for N~ and CO is 3 to 5 × 10-3 volume per cent. Yu M Tayrov and V F Tsvetkov, Prib Tekh Eksper, No 5, 1971, 229231 (in Russian). 37 1122. High-temperature set-up with continuous recording of internal friction and modulus of elasticity. (USSR) A high-temperature set-up for continuous recording of internal friction and modulus of elasticity of materials in vacuum at 10 4 torr is described. V S Postnikov et al, Zavodsk Lab, 37 (10), 1971, 1255-1257 (in
Russian). 37 1123. Apparatus for studying friction and adhesive interactions in vacuo. (USSR) The disadvantages of existing test machines for studying friction and wear in vacuo are discussed. Thus, for example, after each change of sample a long time is required to reduce the system again to the required low residual pressure. In the new apparatus here proposed, an additional (auxiliary) vacuum chamber with a high-quality seal is incorporated, and special measures are applied in order to prevent leakage during the interchange of samples. The leakage-prevention system consists essentially of two coaxial bushes with oblique, matching cuts in their sides. The cuts deflect leaking gas molecules and the latter pass harmlessly into the auxiliary chamber. G L Saksaganskii, USSR Patent No 283650, appl 17th April 1969, pubM 8th April 1971. 38. DISTILLATION, ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, ISOTOPE GAS ANALYSIS 38 1124. Isotope effect in the solubility of hydrogen in fcc metals. (Germany) A method for calculating the isotope effect in the solubility of hydrogen isotopes in fcc metals is proposed. The results of calculation are 432
compared with experimental data on the solubility of hydrogen and deuterium in metals. (USSR) V B Vykhodets et al, Phys Stat Sol (a), 9 (1), Jan 1972, 289-300.
IV. Materials and techniques used in vacuum technology 40. GAS AND VAPOURS 40 1125. Apparatus for fine purification of argon. (USSR) An apparatus containing a zeolite drier and titanium reactor for the purification of argon, used as an inert ambient in the annealing and soldering of components and assemblies of electro-vacuum devices, is described. The apparatus guarantees preparation of argon with water content of 2 / 1 0 -~ volume per cent and oxygen content of 1 ~: l0 -~ volume per cent. S I Gonikberg, Electronic Technol, Scient-Tech Coil, UHF Electronics, No 9, 1971, 99-101 (in Russian). 40 1126. Activation of palladium filters for purification of hydrogen. (USSR) A method of depositing titanium hydride porous coatings on palladium plates is developed, to increase hydrogen permeation through the palladium plates at lower temperatures. B L Rubashkin et al, Electronics Technol, Scient-Tech Coil, Technol Organization of Production, No 5, 1971, 81-85 (in Russian). 41. METALS AND ALLOYS 4l 1127. Hydroextrusion of tungsten and its influence on some properties of work-pieces. (USSR) Results of application of a new method of treatment of difficultlydeformable metals with the aid of high-pressure liquid are described. It is shown that a possible application of the hydroextrusion method is the preparation of single-crystal tungsten rods and bars (by multiple deformation and annealing) with good mechanical properties for the needs of electro-vacuum technology. V M Amosov et al, Elektrovak Tekh, No 51, 197l, 54-59 (in Russian). 42. GLASS, CERAMICS AND REFRACTORY OXIDES 42 1128. Radio-frequency defectoscopy of ceramic envelopes of gasdischarge devices. (USSR) A method of non-destructive testing for ceramic envelopes of gasdischarge devices, based on the passage of ultrahigh-frequency waves through the ceramic envelopes, is described. Defects such as cracks, cavities and inhomogeoeities, leading to violation of vacuumtightness after thermal loading of the envelopes, can be detected using this method. L M Tuherovskiy, Electronic Technol, Scient-Tech Coil, Gas-discharge Devices, No 2, 197 l, 130-134 (in Russian). 42 1129. Paste for metallizing forsterite ceramic parts. (USSR) An improved paste for the metallization of forsterite parts used in the electrical vacuum industry is proposed. In order to obviate the current difficulty in pastes of this kind, namely, their tendency to break up at high temperatures, a binder consisting of polybutyl methacrylate in acetone is employed. The solvent is butyl alcohol. The metallizing mixture comprises molybdenum with ~ 1 - 5 per cent of titanium hydride and chromium oxide added. These constituents enable excellent films 3 ~ 4 0 / t i n thick to be formed on the surface of the forsterite parts; the metallized parts withstand subsequent soldering. G E Kaspirovich et al, USSR Patent No 311293, appl 7th April 1970, publd 3Oth Sept 1971. 46. GLASS BLOWING, GLASS-TO-METAL AND CERAMICTO-METAL SEALING TECHNIQUES 46 1130. Comparison of stresses arising in cylindrical and plane samples of matched glass-to-metal seals. (USSR) Stresses arising in plane matched glass-to-metal seals are determined by the polarization-optical method. It is found that permissible stress in plane glass-to-metal matched seals has a magnitude of 0.31 kg/mm 2. V F Volkova, Elektrovak Tekh, No 52, 1971, 34-35 (in Russian).