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1386. Apparatus for depositing coatings on a wire in vacuo
Classified
abstracts
1385-I
394
key regulating the mode of operation of the evaporator in accordance with the level of the melt in its crucible. P E Gol’denberg et al, Soviet Patent, class C 23 c, 12112, No. 418572, claimed 1 October 1971, pub/d 5 August 1974 (in Russian). 30 1385. Method of producing coatings by vacuum evaporation. (USSR) A method of producing uniform coatings on spherical or hemispherical surfaces by vacuum evaporation is described. The source is placed at a distance equal to 2-2.5 diameters of the sphere or hemisphere away from the latter, and the receiving surfaces are rotated as evaporation proceeds. Any conventional type of evaporator may be employed -it is the rotation of the surface which constitutes the vital factor in ensuring uniformity. The degree of uniformity is 12% for a sphere and 20% for a hemisphere (deviations from the mean). F D Putilovskii et al, Soviet Patent, class C 23 c, 13/00, No. 351929, claimed 12 January 1970. publd 9 October I972 (in Russian). 30 1386. Apparatus for depositing coatings on a wire in YBCUO. (USSR) An apparatus for depositing coatings on wires in uacuo without overheating them or damaging them mechanically is described; it comprises a preliminary cleaning device, a vacuum chamber containing the evaporator, winding devices for reeling and unreeling the wire, and guide rollers sited optimally with respect to the evaporator in such a way as to ensure uniform processing as the wire changes reels. A formula is presented for the optimum distance between the guide rollers. The wire is heated by the direct passage of an electric current and cleaned before deposition by means of an electrical discharge. Greater uniformity is achieved if the wire is passed repeatedly in front of the evaporator, but this slightly complicates the arrangement of the rollers. G S Bobrovnichii et al, Soviet Patent, class C 23 c, 13/08m, No. 364689, claimed 21 August 1969, publd 2 March 1973 (in Russian). 30 1387. Apparatus for cooling flexible substrates. (USSR) An apparatus for cooling flexible substrates (e.g. wires or narrow tubes capable of being reeled) during the vacuum deposition of coatings is described. Basically the idea lies in cooling the drums on which the wires, etc., are wound by a direct flow of water or some other coolant. The efficiency of the device (the extent to which the substrate surfaces are maintained at an even temperature) depends on the geometry of the tubes carrying the coolant. Some preferred designs are illustrated, together with devices for regulating the coolant flow. A Yu Abele and A L Kokle, Soviet Patent, class C 23 c, 13/08, No. 380750, claimed 7 September 1970, pub/d 31 July 1973 (in Russian).
30:33 1388. Constructional characteristics of an electrode system for producing thin films by cathodic sputtering. (USSR) Some changes in the electrode construction of certain existing cathodic-sputtering systems, designed to improve the stability of the gas discharge and the sputtering intensity without detriment to the purity of the films, are described. A double-walled vacuum chamber is provided for this purpose, the actual high-voltage electrodes being housed in a “vacuum within a vacuum”. In this way the discharge units may be kept in a constant high vacuum while in the other part of the chamber gas may be admitted as required and the degree of vacuum adjusted at will. R V Dashtoyan, Mezh Sb Naurh Tr Erecan Politekh Inst, Radiotekh i Elektron, No. I, 1974, 77-78.
33. GENERAL
PHYSICS
AND ELECTRONICS
34 1389. The influence of thermal energy and of energy distribution of electrons on measurements by electronic impact. (Canada) The influence of thermal energy of atoms and molecules and of the energy distribution of electrons on results obtained from electronic impact experiments are analysed. Special attention is devoted to the width of the peaks found in the spectra of elastically and inelastically scattered electrons. Results are presented in the convenient form of tables, graphs, and a nomogram in order that they may be easily accessible to researchers in the field of electronic collisions. The method used to calculate the influences of the experimental factors has also been used in the case of resonant elastic scattering of elec532
trons in helium. These experimental factors are the thertnal energy of the particles of the target and the spread of the electron energy. A Delage et al, Can J Phys, 53 (6), 1975, 628-636 (in French).
34. HIGH
ALTITUDE
AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
34 1390. Thermal decoupling of a detachable ball journal bearing in high vacuum. (Germany) A detachable ball journal bearing, which is thermally decoupled from the shaft by two radial and one axial ball race, is tested in the stationary and in the non-stationary state for the temperature gradient between the inner and the outer ring of the detachable ball journal bearing. The ambient pressure amounts to IOdh torr. The temperature limits for the shaft are in the stationary state between -10°C and 6O”C, in the non-stationary state they are between 3’-C and I 33’C. Besides other problems the connection between the initial stressing force in the assembly state (+2O”C) and the tolerance changes as a function of temperature will be investigated. With the aid of an analytical relation the total thermal conduction resistance for the decoupled ball bearing system is presented as a function of temperature. W Hallmann, Vakuum-Tech, 24 (3), 1975, 65-74 (in German).
37. METALLURGY, INORGANIC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY,
37 1391. Surface characterization of nickel-copper alloy displaying poor wettability during brazing. (USA) Auger electron spectroscopy is used to study the surfaces of nickelcopper alloys. The alloy containing 0.153 wt% carbon shows a graphite surface layer. The alloy with 0.109 wt % carbon had very little carbon in the surface layer and had good wetting characteristics. D T Larson and F W Korbitz, J Vat Sci Technol, 12 (3), 1975, 721722. 37 1392. Mass spectrometric evaluation of the volatile substance contents of solids. (GB) A mass spectrometric method for the routine evaluation of the volatile substance contents of elastomers and plastics has been established. Samples 0.6 x 0.6 x 5 mm3 are completely outgassed at various temperatures in the unmodified ion source of a high resolution (organic) mass spectrometer, the sensitivity of which is monitored by a constant influx of argon gas. Quantitative evaluation of evolved volatile substances is done by time integration of discrete or mass integrated spectra, followed by comparison with calibration runs on known quantities of (preferably) the evolved substances, or on a standard substance (n-hexatriacontan). The reproducibility of the method is about IO%, and the minimum measurable amounts are 10-9-10-“’ g (l-0.1 ppm). Quantitative mass spectral data for the volatile substance contents of some common elastomers and plastics are presented. It is shown that usually these substances are not due to the polymer itself but to additives which differ for different makes of the same basic polymer. (Norway) T Sigmond, Vacuum, 25 (6), 1975, 239-264. 37 1393. Spectra in the period between copper and bromine produced with the aid of a 4 GW laser. (USA) Spectroscopic observations of plasmas produced when the output of a 4 GW neodymium laser was focused onto solid targets of elements in the period between copper and molybdenum have led to line classifications of spectra of higher ionized atoms from copper through to bromine. Identifications include lines of ions up to the twenty-fifth stage of ionization. Information of astrophysical interest regarding the 3p6 3d”-’ 4J”configurations is also reported. (GB) B C Fawcett and R W Hayes, J Opt Sot Am, 65 (6), 1975, 623-627. 37 1394. Glow discharge optical spectroscopy for microvolume elemental analysis. (USA) Glow discharge optical spectroscppy (GDOS) is an analytical technique whereby neutral sample atoms are sputtered into a glow discharge, excited by inelastic electron collisions, and decay emitting a characteristic luminescence which is monitored. We have shown that
abstracts
1385-I
394
key regulating the mode of operation of the evaporator in accordance with the level of the melt in its crucible. P E Gol’denberg et al, Soviet Patent, class C 23 c, 12112, No. 418572, claimed 1 October 1971, pub/d 5 August 1974 (in Russian). 30 1385. Method of producing coatings by vacuum evaporation. (USSR) A method of producing uniform coatings on spherical or hemispherical surfaces by vacuum evaporation is described. The source is placed at a distance equal to 2-2.5 diameters of the sphere or hemisphere away from the latter, and the receiving surfaces are rotated as evaporation proceeds. Any conventional type of evaporator may be employed -it is the rotation of the surface which constitutes the vital factor in ensuring uniformity. The degree of uniformity is 12% for a sphere and 20% for a hemisphere (deviations from the mean). F D Putilovskii et al, Soviet Patent, class C 23 c, 13/00, No. 351929, claimed 12 January 1970. publd 9 October I972 (in Russian). 30 1386. Apparatus for depositing coatings on a wire in YBCUO. (USSR) An apparatus for depositing coatings on wires in uacuo without overheating them or damaging them mechanically is described; it comprises a preliminary cleaning device, a vacuum chamber containing the evaporator, winding devices for reeling and unreeling the wire, and guide rollers sited optimally with respect to the evaporator in such a way as to ensure uniform processing as the wire changes reels. A formula is presented for the optimum distance between the guide rollers. The wire is heated by the direct passage of an electric current and cleaned before deposition by means of an electrical discharge. Greater uniformity is achieved if the wire is passed repeatedly in front of the evaporator, but this slightly complicates the arrangement of the rollers. G S Bobrovnichii et al, Soviet Patent, class C 23 c, 13/08m, No. 364689, claimed 21 August 1969, publd 2 March 1973 (in Russian). 30 1387. Apparatus for cooling flexible substrates. (USSR) An apparatus for cooling flexible substrates (e.g. wires or narrow tubes capable of being reeled) during the vacuum deposition of coatings is described. Basically the idea lies in cooling the drums on which the wires, etc., are wound by a direct flow of water or some other coolant. The efficiency of the device (the extent to which the substrate surfaces are maintained at an even temperature) depends on the geometry of the tubes carrying the coolant. Some preferred designs are illustrated, together with devices for regulating the coolant flow. A Yu Abele and A L Kokle, Soviet Patent, class C 23 c, 13/08, No. 380750, claimed 7 September 1970, pub/d 31 July 1973 (in Russian).
30:33 1388. Constructional characteristics of an electrode system for producing thin films by cathodic sputtering. (USSR) Some changes in the electrode construction of certain existing cathodic-sputtering systems, designed to improve the stability of the gas discharge and the sputtering intensity without detriment to the purity of the films, are described. A double-walled vacuum chamber is provided for this purpose, the actual high-voltage electrodes being housed in a “vacuum within a vacuum”. In this way the discharge units may be kept in a constant high vacuum while in the other part of the chamber gas may be admitted as required and the degree of vacuum adjusted at will. R V Dashtoyan, Mezh Sb Naurh Tr Erecan Politekh Inst, Radiotekh i Elektron, No. I, 1974, 77-78.
33. GENERAL
PHYSICS
AND ELECTRONICS
34 1389. The influence of thermal energy and of energy distribution of electrons on measurements by electronic impact. (Canada) The influence of thermal energy of atoms and molecules and of the energy distribution of electrons on results obtained from electronic impact experiments are analysed. Special attention is devoted to the width of the peaks found in the spectra of elastically and inelastically scattered electrons. Results are presented in the convenient form of tables, graphs, and a nomogram in order that they may be easily accessible to researchers in the field of electronic collisions. The method used to calculate the influences of the experimental factors has also been used in the case of resonant elastic scattering of elec532
trons in helium. These experimental factors are the thertnal energy of the particles of the target and the spread of the electron energy. A Delage et al, Can J Phys, 53 (6), 1975, 628-636 (in French).
34. HIGH
ALTITUDE
AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
34 1390. Thermal decoupling of a detachable ball journal bearing in high vacuum. (Germany) A detachable ball journal bearing, which is thermally decoupled from the shaft by two radial and one axial ball race, is tested in the stationary and in the non-stationary state for the temperature gradient between the inner and the outer ring of the detachable ball journal bearing. The ambient pressure amounts to IOdh torr. The temperature limits for the shaft are in the stationary state between -10°C and 6O”C, in the non-stationary state they are between 3’-C and I 33’C. Besides other problems the connection between the initial stressing force in the assembly state (+2O”C) and the tolerance changes as a function of temperature will be investigated. With the aid of an analytical relation the total thermal conduction resistance for the decoupled ball bearing system is presented as a function of temperature. W Hallmann, Vakuum-Tech, 24 (3), 1975, 65-74 (in German).
37. METALLURGY, INORGANIC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY,
37 1391. Surface characterization of nickel-copper alloy displaying poor wettability during brazing. (USA) Auger electron spectroscopy is used to study the surfaces of nickelcopper alloys. The alloy containing 0.153 wt% carbon shows a graphite surface layer. The alloy with 0.109 wt % carbon had very little carbon in the surface layer and had good wetting characteristics. D T Larson and F W Korbitz, J Vat Sci Technol, 12 (3), 1975, 721722. 37 1392. Mass spectrometric evaluation of the volatile substance contents of solids. (GB) A mass spectrometric method for the routine evaluation of the volatile substance contents of elastomers and plastics has been established. Samples 0.6 x 0.6 x 5 mm3 are completely outgassed at various temperatures in the unmodified ion source of a high resolution (organic) mass spectrometer, the sensitivity of which is monitored by a constant influx of argon gas. Quantitative evaluation of evolved volatile substances is done by time integration of discrete or mass integrated spectra, followed by comparison with calibration runs on known quantities of (preferably) the evolved substances, or on a standard substance (n-hexatriacontan). The reproducibility of the method is about IO%, and the minimum measurable amounts are 10-9-10-“’ g (l-0.1 ppm). Quantitative mass spectral data for the volatile substance contents of some common elastomers and plastics are presented. It is shown that usually these substances are not due to the polymer itself but to additives which differ for different makes of the same basic polymer. (Norway) T Sigmond, Vacuum, 25 (6), 1975, 239-264. 37 1393. Spectra in the period between copper and bromine produced with the aid of a 4 GW laser. (USA) Spectroscopic observations of plasmas produced when the output of a 4 GW neodymium laser was focused onto solid targets of elements in the period between copper and molybdenum have led to line classifications of spectra of higher ionized atoms from copper through to bromine. Identifications include lines of ions up to the twenty-fifth stage of ionization. Information of astrophysical interest regarding the 3p6 3d”-’ 4J”configurations is also reported. (GB) B C Fawcett and R W Hayes, J Opt Sot Am, 65 (6), 1975, 623-627. 37 1394. Glow discharge optical spectroscopy for microvolume elemental analysis. (USA) Glow discharge optical spectroscppy (GDOS) is an analytical technique whereby neutral sample atoms are sputtered into a glow discharge, excited by inelastic electron collisions, and decay emitting a characteristic luminescence which is monitored. We have shown that