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1348. Corn oil implicated
PROCESSING AIDS, AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
577
21 days the incidence and severity of the kidney lesions varied considerably among the four strains. Hydropic degeneration of the proximal convoluted tubules was minimal in Marshall rats, moderate in Buffalo rats and very severe, with disruption of the epithelial cells, in Fischer and ACI rats. The last strain also showed regeneration of epithelial cells of the renal tubules. The authors suggest that the observed differences in nephrotoxicity may be related to genetically-determined factors, e.g. hormones. [These noticeable strain variations serve to re-emphasize the advisability of using pure inbred strains of rats in toxicity studies rather than random-bred animals. A 10-fold factor is allowed for such strain variations in the 100-fold margin of safety used in extrapolating animal data to human experience.] 1347. Benzo[a]pyrene in vegetable oils Howard, J. W., Turicchi, Elizabeth W., White, R. H. & Fazio, T. (1966). Extraction and estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vegetable oils. J. Ass. off. analyt. Chem. 49, 1236. Improved methods for determining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds in smoked foods have been reported (Cited in F.C.T. 1966, 4, 113). When used to estimate PAH in vegetable oils, the method can be simplified still further, by omitting the saponification step. The average recovery of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and other PAH compounds added at 2 ppb (b=109) to 200 g samples of various oils ranged from 71 to I00~o. When put to the test, trace amounts of BP and other PAH compounds were detected in some samples of all but one (safflower oil) of the refined vegetable oils analysed--soya-bean, cottonseed, corn, olive and peanut oils. The highest concentration of.BP (1.5 ppb) was found in soya-bean oil and the highest total PAH concentration in peanut oil. Although the sources of these PAH contaminants remain as yet unknown, preliminary analyses indicate that the solvents used in the processing of oils are not responsible. The possibility that they may be present in the crude oils is being studied. 1348. Corn oil implicated Patek, A. J., Jr., Kendall, F. E., de Fritsch, Nancy M. & Hirsch, R. L. (1966). Cirrhosisenhancing effect of corn oil. Protection by choline. Archs Path. 82, 596. It is well known that rats fed diets deficient in protein and specifically in choline (I) develop fatty livers and cirrhosis. There is also evidence that cirrhosis is accentuated by feeding polyunsaturated fats such as corn oil (II) but not by saturated fats. The results of a recent study show that II may exert this effect by interfering with the metabolism of I. Rats fed a cirrhosis-producing diet (low in protein and I) containing I0 ~o fat in the form of 1I developed very severe hepatic fibrosis and necrosis, but when II was replaced by hydrogenated II only minimal fibrosis and no necrosis occurred. Cirrhosis was completely prevented by supplementing the diet with 0.1 ~o I and the fatty infiltration of the liver occurring with both diets was substantially reduced. A marked fall in hepatic triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol and a rise in serum cholesterol was also noted. I was much more effective in preventing the rise in hepatic TG in animals receiving hydrogenated II than in those fed II, suggesting either that II may interfere in some way with the effectiveness of I, or that I may block a possible hepatotoxic effect of II.
AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS 1349. A toxicological study on a fungicide-slimieide Smyth, H. F., Jr., Carpenter, C. P. & Weil, C. S. (1966). Toxicologic studies on 3,5-di-
577
21 days the incidence and severity of the kidney lesions varied considerably among the four strains. Hydropic degeneration of the proximal convoluted tubules was minimal in Marshall rats, moderate in Buffalo rats and very severe, with disruption of the epithelial cells, in Fischer and ACI rats. The last strain also showed regeneration of epithelial cells of the renal tubules. The authors suggest that the observed differences in nephrotoxicity may be related to genetically-determined factors, e.g. hormones. [These noticeable strain variations serve to re-emphasize the advisability of using pure inbred strains of rats in toxicity studies rather than random-bred animals. A 10-fold factor is allowed for such strain variations in the 100-fold margin of safety used in extrapolating animal data to human experience.] 1347. Benzo[a]pyrene in vegetable oils Howard, J. W., Turicchi, Elizabeth W., White, R. H. & Fazio, T. (1966). Extraction and estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vegetable oils. J. Ass. off. analyt. Chem. 49, 1236. Improved methods for determining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds in smoked foods have been reported (Cited in F.C.T. 1966, 4, 113). When used to estimate PAH in vegetable oils, the method can be simplified still further, by omitting the saponification step. The average recovery of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and other PAH compounds added at 2 ppb (b=109) to 200 g samples of various oils ranged from 71 to I00~o. When put to the test, trace amounts of BP and other PAH compounds were detected in some samples of all but one (safflower oil) of the refined vegetable oils analysed--soya-bean, cottonseed, corn, olive and peanut oils. The highest concentration of.BP (1.5 ppb) was found in soya-bean oil and the highest total PAH concentration in peanut oil. Although the sources of these PAH contaminants remain as yet unknown, preliminary analyses indicate that the solvents used in the processing of oils are not responsible. The possibility that they may be present in the crude oils is being studied. 1348. Corn oil implicated Patek, A. J., Jr., Kendall, F. E., de Fritsch, Nancy M. & Hirsch, R. L. (1966). Cirrhosisenhancing effect of corn oil. Protection by choline. Archs Path. 82, 596. It is well known that rats fed diets deficient in protein and specifically in choline (I) develop fatty livers and cirrhosis. There is also evidence that cirrhosis is accentuated by feeding polyunsaturated fats such as corn oil (II) but not by saturated fats. The results of a recent study show that II may exert this effect by interfering with the metabolism of I. Rats fed a cirrhosis-producing diet (low in protein and I) containing I0 ~o fat in the form of 1I developed very severe hepatic fibrosis and necrosis, but when II was replaced by hydrogenated II only minimal fibrosis and no necrosis occurred. Cirrhosis was completely prevented by supplementing the diet with 0.1 ~o I and the fatty infiltration of the liver occurring with both diets was substantially reduced. A marked fall in hepatic triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol and a rise in serum cholesterol was also noted. I was much more effective in preventing the rise in hepatic TG in animals receiving hydrogenated II than in those fed II, suggesting either that II may interfere in some way with the effectiveness of I, or that I may block a possible hepatotoxic effect of II.
AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS 1349. A toxicological study on a fungicide-slimieide Smyth, H. F., Jr., Carpenter, C. P. & Weil, C. S. (1966). Toxicologic studies on 3,5-di-