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204. Calibration of ionization gauge head MRO4 as secondary standard for the pressure region 10−3 to 10−7 torr
Classified
abstracts
200-210
19. RADIATION 19 200. Kinetic energy of laser plasma ions. (USSR)
Using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer with electrostatic analyzer, the composition and energy distribution of ions of plasma, generated by laser radiation interaction with solid targets of different materials placed in a vacuum chamber evacuated to 10m6torr, are investigated. Yu A Bykovskiy et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 42 (3), March 1972, 658-661 (in Russian). 201. Amplification factor of light in a CO,+-N,t ing in a supersonic jet. (USSR)
19 He mixture expand-
The results of experimental and theoretical investigations of the amplification factor of a CO,+N,+He mixture expanding in a supersonic jet, located at the end of a shock tube, are reported. The lowpressure chamber of the shock tube was filled by the mixture to the pressure of 2.2x 10-l atm after evacuation, G V Gemharzhevskiy et al, Zh Eksper Tear Fiz, 62 (3), March 1972, 844847
(in Russian).
I I. Vacuum apparatus and auxiliaries 20. PUMPING
SYSTEMS
20 202. Pumping systems with sputter-ion and titanium sublimation pumps. (Czechoslovakia) Producing high and ultra-high vacua in systems not contaminated by organic vapours of the pump working liquids is becoming more and
more of a problem in vacuum engineering. It is solved very well by means of cryosorption roughing pumps and sputter-ion and titanium sublimation pumps. The working principles of these pumps are described and their general characteristics and the resulting features of their application in oil-free pumping systems are considered from the viewpoints of both the design and the application. A stainless-steel equipment with bell-jar volume of 85 litres working with a pumping speed of hundreds to thousands of litres per set with an ultimate pressure of 10e8 torr is described. Composition of residual gases in the bell jar, as measured with the aid of a quadrupole mass spectrometer, is presented. J Stransky, Slubopr Obzor, 33 (1), Jan 1972, 29-34 (in Czech).
205. Mass-spectrometric
AND PUMP
FLUIDS 21
203. A vapour-jet
vacuum pump. (USSR)
An improved design of vapour-jet vacuum pump containing a Lava1 nozzle arranged coaxially with a diffuser complex is described. A heater wound around the outside of the system evaporates the oil in a specially-designed container; the oil vapour emerges in the form of a supersonic jet and traps residual gas molecules in the space adjacent to the nozzle. The advantages introduced by the Lava1 nozzle arise from the fact that it has a greater evacuation speed than the ejector jets incorporated in existing pumps, and the residual gas molecules are thus removed more efficiently. The oil vapour is condensed and returned to its source by means of a water-cooled jacket. V V Koloskov, 12th Jan 1972.
USSR,
Patent
No 319758, appl28th
Nov 1969, publd
22 with charge storage type AMN-1s.
(USSR) The AMN-1S mass-spectrometric analyzer with charge storage of the farvitron type serves as a head for the panoramic partial-pressure analyzer type APDP-2 and is intended for the analysis of residual gas composition in vacuum systems and electro-vacuum devices. Length of the ion-optical system is 34 mm. The mass range is 2 to 200 amu and pressure range is 1 x lO-9 to 1 x 10m5 torr. Sensitivity for argon is 1 x lo9 uV/torr. The resolving power on the 10 per cent peak height is 20. L V Vaynshteyn et al, Prib Tekh Eksper, No 1, Jan-Feb 1972, 245 (in Russian). 206. Measurement of ultra-high vacuum ionization guages. (Czechoslovakia)
by means
22 of hot cathode
Principles and characteristics of the hot cathode ionization gauge head are considered. Hot cathode ionization gauges enable measurement of pressures in the range 10-l to lo-l3 torr. The lower limit of conventional Bayard-Alpert gauge is approximately lo-lo torr. It is determined by the ion collector current components and is independent of pressure. The factors influencing the components of the ion collector current are discussed. New types of ionization gauges are reviewed. J Neumann, Slabopr Obzor, 33 (1), Jan 1972, 35-39 (in Czech). 23. PLUMBING 23 207. Sealing of cryogenic systems. (USSR) The sealing method and constructional features of sealing combined gaskets are described. These are used for cryogenic systems, glass illuminators of liquid-nitrogen bubble chambers and other systems working in conditions of high vacuum, alternating pressure and temperature and aggressive ambient. The combined gasket consists of a stainless steel ring in combination with two fluoroplastic rings. The described gasket remains vacuum-tight after 20 thermal cycles with the temperature change rate of 30”K/h. V A Beketov et al, Prib Tekh Eksper, No 1, Jan-Feb 1972, 221-222 (in Russian). 23
(USSR) A vacuum-tight electric lead-in for operation in cryogenic liquids is described. Technology of vaccum sealing of the lead-in is presented. The copper rod lead-in is insulated from the body by fluoroplastic sleeves and packing. The described lead-ins with 12 mm diameter copper rods remained vacuum-tight at pressure of 1 x 10m5torr and pressure of liquid N, and 0, of lo5 to lo6 N/m2 for 2.5 years without demounting. A M Maznitsa and V V Tsybulskiy, Prib Tekh Eksper, No 1, Jan-Feb 208. Low-temperature
21. PUMPS
analyzer
vacuum-tight
lead-in.
1972, 123 (in Russian). 23
(USSR) Hermetic rubber gaskets for temperatures below 170°K are described. The gaskets are made of shaped metallic rings and thin rubber packings. B M Kaporovskiy and M V Voevoskaya, Prib Tekh Eksper, No 1, 209. Axial sealing for systems with deep cooling.
Jan-Feb
1972, 224 (in Russian).
22. GAUGES 22 204. Calibration
of ionization gauge head MR04 as secondary ard for the pressure region 10m3 to lo-’ torr. (Germany)
stand-
Possibility of utilization of the ionization gauge head MR04 after its calibration as secondary standard for calibration of other ionization vacuum gauge heads in the pressure range of 10e3 to lo-’ torr is studied. It is shown that with severe setting of operational conditions, high constancy of head parameters (deviation of average value of * 1.5 per cent, uncertainty of measurement of 5 per cent) and a linear relation between the collector current and the pressure are guaranted. Experiments were preformed on a vacuum system with McLeod gauge. The ultimate pressure was lO-8 torr using an oil-free pumping system. Argon was used as test gas. The experiments on linearity of the head were performed on a vacuum system with ultimate pressure of lo-” torr. G Rupschus et al, Exper Tech Phys, 20 (1). 1972, 59-61 (in German). 112
210. Hermetic sealing of fluoride crystal windows to glass envelopes. (USSR) Sealing of fluoride crystal windows to glass envelopes with the aid of a copper ring joined to the glass by an unmatched seal is described which provides vacuum of 10m5torr in sealed devices during heating to 400°C for several hours. Experiments have shown that a BaF, window can be bonded to the copper ring by organic silicate cement or silver chloride. The copper ring is covered with Ni or Ag to prevent oxidation on application of AgCl. This construction of CaF, window may only be heated to 250°C because of the higher thermal expansion of CaF, with respect to Cu. Construction of an LiF window is also described. The transition piece is made of a copper sleeve with wall thickness not greater than 60 urn. The copper sleeve is cemented to both the window and the glass envelope. L P Sbishatskaya, Prib Tekh Eksper, No 1, Jan-Feb 1972, 225-226 (in Russiun).
abstracts
200-210
19. RADIATION 19 200. Kinetic energy of laser plasma ions. (USSR)
Using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer with electrostatic analyzer, the composition and energy distribution of ions of plasma, generated by laser radiation interaction with solid targets of different materials placed in a vacuum chamber evacuated to 10m6torr, are investigated. Yu A Bykovskiy et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 42 (3), March 1972, 658-661 (in Russian). 201. Amplification factor of light in a CO,+-N,t ing in a supersonic jet. (USSR)
19 He mixture expand-
The results of experimental and theoretical investigations of the amplification factor of a CO,+N,+He mixture expanding in a supersonic jet, located at the end of a shock tube, are reported. The lowpressure chamber of the shock tube was filled by the mixture to the pressure of 2.2x 10-l atm after evacuation, G V Gemharzhevskiy et al, Zh Eksper Tear Fiz, 62 (3), March 1972, 844847
(in Russian).
I I. Vacuum apparatus and auxiliaries 20. PUMPING
SYSTEMS
20 202. Pumping systems with sputter-ion and titanium sublimation pumps. (Czechoslovakia) Producing high and ultra-high vacua in systems not contaminated by organic vapours of the pump working liquids is becoming more and
more of a problem in vacuum engineering. It is solved very well by means of cryosorption roughing pumps and sputter-ion and titanium sublimation pumps. The working principles of these pumps are described and their general characteristics and the resulting features of their application in oil-free pumping systems are considered from the viewpoints of both the design and the application. A stainless-steel equipment with bell-jar volume of 85 litres working with a pumping speed of hundreds to thousands of litres per set with an ultimate pressure of 10e8 torr is described. Composition of residual gases in the bell jar, as measured with the aid of a quadrupole mass spectrometer, is presented. J Stransky, Slubopr Obzor, 33 (1), Jan 1972, 29-34 (in Czech).
205. Mass-spectrometric
AND PUMP
FLUIDS 21
203. A vapour-jet
vacuum pump. (USSR)
An improved design of vapour-jet vacuum pump containing a Lava1 nozzle arranged coaxially with a diffuser complex is described. A heater wound around the outside of the system evaporates the oil in a specially-designed container; the oil vapour emerges in the form of a supersonic jet and traps residual gas molecules in the space adjacent to the nozzle. The advantages introduced by the Lava1 nozzle arise from the fact that it has a greater evacuation speed than the ejector jets incorporated in existing pumps, and the residual gas molecules are thus removed more efficiently. The oil vapour is condensed and returned to its source by means of a water-cooled jacket. V V Koloskov, 12th Jan 1972.
USSR,
Patent
No 319758, appl28th
Nov 1969, publd
22 with charge storage type AMN-1s.
(USSR) The AMN-1S mass-spectrometric analyzer with charge storage of the farvitron type serves as a head for the panoramic partial-pressure analyzer type APDP-2 and is intended for the analysis of residual gas composition in vacuum systems and electro-vacuum devices. Length of the ion-optical system is 34 mm. The mass range is 2 to 200 amu and pressure range is 1 x lO-9 to 1 x 10m5 torr. Sensitivity for argon is 1 x lo9 uV/torr. The resolving power on the 10 per cent peak height is 20. L V Vaynshteyn et al, Prib Tekh Eksper, No 1, Jan-Feb 1972, 245 (in Russian). 206. Measurement of ultra-high vacuum ionization guages. (Czechoslovakia)
by means
22 of hot cathode
Principles and characteristics of the hot cathode ionization gauge head are considered. Hot cathode ionization gauges enable measurement of pressures in the range 10-l to lo-l3 torr. The lower limit of conventional Bayard-Alpert gauge is approximately lo-lo torr. It is determined by the ion collector current components and is independent of pressure. The factors influencing the components of the ion collector current are discussed. New types of ionization gauges are reviewed. J Neumann, Slabopr Obzor, 33 (1), Jan 1972, 35-39 (in Czech). 23. PLUMBING 23 207. Sealing of cryogenic systems. (USSR) The sealing method and constructional features of sealing combined gaskets are described. These are used for cryogenic systems, glass illuminators of liquid-nitrogen bubble chambers and other systems working in conditions of high vacuum, alternating pressure and temperature and aggressive ambient. The combined gasket consists of a stainless steel ring in combination with two fluoroplastic rings. The described gasket remains vacuum-tight after 20 thermal cycles with the temperature change rate of 30”K/h. V A Beketov et al, Prib Tekh Eksper, No 1, Jan-Feb 1972, 221-222 (in Russian). 23
(USSR) A vacuum-tight electric lead-in for operation in cryogenic liquids is described. Technology of vaccum sealing of the lead-in is presented. The copper rod lead-in is insulated from the body by fluoroplastic sleeves and packing. The described lead-ins with 12 mm diameter copper rods remained vacuum-tight at pressure of 1 x 10m5torr and pressure of liquid N, and 0, of lo5 to lo6 N/m2 for 2.5 years without demounting. A M Maznitsa and V V Tsybulskiy, Prib Tekh Eksper, No 1, Jan-Feb 208. Low-temperature
21. PUMPS
analyzer
vacuum-tight
lead-in.
1972, 123 (in Russian). 23
(USSR) Hermetic rubber gaskets for temperatures below 170°K are described. The gaskets are made of shaped metallic rings and thin rubber packings. B M Kaporovskiy and M V Voevoskaya, Prib Tekh Eksper, No 1, 209. Axial sealing for systems with deep cooling.
Jan-Feb
1972, 224 (in Russian).
22. GAUGES 22 204. Calibration
of ionization gauge head MR04 as secondary ard for the pressure region 10m3 to lo-’ torr. (Germany)
stand-
Possibility of utilization of the ionization gauge head MR04 after its calibration as secondary standard for calibration of other ionization vacuum gauge heads in the pressure range of 10e3 to lo-’ torr is studied. It is shown that with severe setting of operational conditions, high constancy of head parameters (deviation of average value of * 1.5 per cent, uncertainty of measurement of 5 per cent) and a linear relation between the collector current and the pressure are guaranted. Experiments were preformed on a vacuum system with McLeod gauge. The ultimate pressure was lO-8 torr using an oil-free pumping system. Argon was used as test gas. The experiments on linearity of the head were performed on a vacuum system with ultimate pressure of lo-” torr. G Rupschus et al, Exper Tech Phys, 20 (1). 1972, 59-61 (in German). 112
210. Hermetic sealing of fluoride crystal windows to glass envelopes. (USSR) Sealing of fluoride crystal windows to glass envelopes with the aid of a copper ring joined to the glass by an unmatched seal is described which provides vacuum of 10m5torr in sealed devices during heating to 400°C for several hours. Experiments have shown that a BaF, window can be bonded to the copper ring by organic silicate cement or silver chloride. The copper ring is covered with Ni or Ag to prevent oxidation on application of AgCl. This construction of CaF, window may only be heated to 250°C because of the higher thermal expansion of CaF, with respect to Cu. Construction of an LiF window is also described. The transition piece is made of a copper sleeve with wall thickness not greater than 60 urn. The copper sleeve is cemented to both the window and the glass envelope. L P Sbishatskaya, Prib Tekh Eksper, No 1, Jan-Feb 1972, 225-226 (in Russiun).