- Email: [email protected]
20th International SAMPE Technical Conference
'New material forms for manufacture of thermoplastic composites' M. Heym, M. Winkler and E. D. Western, (BASFAG,
'Factors affecting the automation of a resin transfer moulding line - a simulation approach' A. W. Melton and K. D Potter (BP
Advanced Materials Ltd, Avonmouth, UK)
Ludwigshaven, West Germany) 'Wetting of graphite particles by aluminium melts' A. N. Abd El Azim, T. A. EI-Bassyouni, A. M. El-Sheikh and S. F. Moustafa
(Central Metallurgical Research & Development Institute, Cairo, Egypt) 'An historical look at adhesion and assessment of future technological trends in mould release' P. Raymond (Dexter Hysol,
Manchester, UI0 'Cold-jet: the cryogenic cleaning system' N. Crane (Del Crane Corporation, Milford Ohio, USA) Given by G. Boyce, PERA 'Understanding the factors controlling pultrusion' A. G. Gibson, D. W. Lamb and C. J. Lo (Department of Metallurgy & Materials Science, Universityof Liverpool, UK) and J. A. Quinn (Fibreforce
'Materials behaviour in resins moulding (RTM) for volume manufacture' M. J. Owen, V. Middleton, C. D. Rudd, F. N. Scott and K. F. Hutcheon (University of Nottingham, UK) 'Development of a volume production technique for the manufacture of complex shaped components in continuous fibre composites' M. parmar and G. S. Boyce (PERA, Melton Mowbray, UK) 'The conform process for advanced composites' P. M. Coon and H. K. Slater ( UKAEA, Preston, UK) 'Thermoplastic composites: the first steps towards a continuous production method' P. J. Ives (Courtaulds Research, Coventry,
UK) 'Automated manufacture of thermoplastic composites, J. S. Whiting
(Westland PLC, Helicopter Division, Yeovil, UK)
Composites Ltd, Runcorn, UK) 'Laser guidance for pre-preg layup' S. Blake (Assembly Guidance
Systems, Somerville, MA, USA) 'Developments in non-axisymmetric filament winding' V. Middleton, M. J. Owen, D. G. Ellimen and M. Shearing (Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Universityof Nottingham, UK) 'CADFIBRE a software tool for composite engineering' G. Menges and M. Erring (Institutfur Kunststoffverarbeitung, Aachen, West -
Germany) 'Asymmetric filament winding' D. G. Lloyd-Thomas, G. C. Eckold and G. M. Wells (Harwell Laboratory, UK) 'Computer aided filament winding of flat angle-ply test specimens' Aage Lystrup (Metallurgy Department, Riso National Laboratory,
Denmark) 'Tow, tape and broadgoods in automated lay-up' W. Brandt Goldsworthy (Alcoa/Goldsworthy Engineering, USA) 'PuUwinding' D. E. Shaw-Stewart (Pultrex Limited, Clacton-on-Sea,
vto
'Process simulation in filament winding: new insights show the way to cost-effective components development' K. W. Kirberg, W. Michaeli, G. Menges and A. Seifert (IKV, Aachen, West
'Polymeric diaphragm forming of thermoplastic composites' P. J. Mallon, C, M. O'Bradaigh, M. F. Fleming and R. B. Pipes
(University College, Galway, Ireland) 'Thermoplastic composite manufacturing technology for a flight standard tail-plane' G. R. Grifflths, W. D. Hillier and J. A. S. Whiting (Westland PLC, Helicopter Division, Yeovil, UK) 'Recent developments in fibre management in multi live-feed moulding' P. S. Allan and M. J. Bevis (Wolfson Centrefor
Materials Processing, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK) 'Cost effective fabrication of highly loaded carbon fibre composite aircraft structure' J. Klenner (MBB Helicopterand Military
Aircraft, Augsburg, West Germany) 'Sequential moulding - a process for continuous production of reinforced plastic profiles' D. H. Bowen, T. Thorpe, A. J. Hammond and S. Brabon (Harwell Laboratory, UK) 'New possibilities of modified winding systems' F. Capella (Pulsar,
Spain) 'How to build the Mirage 2000 radome' R. F. Carbone (Direction des
Constructions et A rmes Navales de Toulon, France)
Germany)
20th International SAMPE Technical Conference Minneapolis, MN, USA, 27-29 September 1988 This conference was organised by the Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering (SAMPE) USA. It was held at the Hyatt Regency Hotel, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA from 27 to 29 September 1988. The theme of the conference was titled, 'Materials-Processes: The Intercept Point'. Countries represented at the conference included Canada, China, France, Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, Netherlands, Taiwan, UK and USA. Papers were presented in open and closed sessions. In closed sessions the entry was restricted to security cleared personnel. The conference was well attended and many papers reported new and innovative materials/ processes and their applications. The papers were predominently from aircraft and aerospace industry. Opening of the conference was by lectures from a panel of five keynote speakers on the theme 'Aircraft Materials and Processes: Today and Tomorrow'. Primarily the use of fibre reinforced polymeric materials for aircraft structures was discussed. The applications included V-22 Tilt Rotar - Bell Helicopter, Starship 2000 - Beechcraft Corporation, 747/757/767 applications- Boeing, Airbus- MBB manufactured parts and EFA - European Fighter Aircraft Consortium. Future applications were considered to show a moderate increase in the use of polymeric
COMPOSITES. MAY 1989
composites with advanced metallic materials replacing some of the traditional materials. Current materials mentioned for power plant applications were monolithic alloys and polymeric composites, and were expected to be replaced by intermetallics, metal matrix composites, and carbon/carbon and ceramic matrices by the year 2000. Open sessions of the conference consisted of 70 papers on various aspects of materials and processes under the following broad headings: • • • • • •
Fibre Reinforced Composites Adhesives and Bonding Protective Coatings Testing and Evaluation Design and Processing Health andSafety
Three approaches to improving mechanical properties of the polymeric composites were based on using a tougher resin, modification by addition agents and hybridization of thermoplastics with thermosets. Improvements in tensile properties, impact resistance, shear strain and thermal degradation were discussed. A new one component thermosetting adhesive capable of retaining 50-60% of its room temperature strength was mentioned for temperature applications up to 260°C.
285
Repair bonding of rotator blades could be undertaken with a 80°C curing adhesive suitable for vacuum bag technique. Bond strengths obtained by three methods of joining PE~Kwere ranked in the order: vibration welding > resistance welding > adhesive bonding. Replacement of heavy metal pigments with environmentally acceptable alternatives was reported in baked polyesters, vinyl esters, polyurethane and epoxy based protective coatings for corrosion prevention. Current investigations to replace chromate conversion coatings for aluminium were directed towards conversion coatings based on phosphate, silicate, zincate and stannate. A paper also discussed plasma thermal spray coatings for high temperature surface protection of polymeric composites. Various papers discussed non-destructive evaluation of composites by ultrasonics, acousto-ultrasonics, X-ray backscatter imaging, eddy currents and opto-acoustics. Discussion on physico-chemical techniques of testing was confined to infrared transmission and Fourier transform - infrared spectroscopy. Finite element analysis and structural design considerations of aircraft composite material applications were considered with emphasis on advantages offered by the use of composites. New approaches to developing computer models for processing of composites were considered essential for future optimisation of manufacturing processes.
I
III
ULTRASTRUCTURE P R O C E S S I N G OF ADVANCED CERAMICS edited by I.D. Mackenzie, University of California, Los Angeles, USA and D.R. Ulrich, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Washington DC, USA This volume brings together the latest research and developments from the past three years in the processing of glasses, ceramics, and composite materials. The papers are contributed by specialists in their fields and comprise a coherent summation of modern ceramics processing and future prospects in the field. CONTENTS: Precursors and Chemistry for Ultrastructure Processing; Sol-Gel Science and Technology; Powders and Colloids; Advanced Ceramics; Composites, Novel Materials, and Techniques; Miscellaneous Topics. 0471 62416 0
1,048pp
October 1988
£85.0015130.00
INTRODUCTION TO THE PRINCIPLES OF CERAMIC PROCESSING by J.S. Reed, New York State College of Ceramics, Alfred University, Alfred, New York, USA Covering how products are formed from natural and synthetic minerals, techniques of heat treatment, and their inherent characteristics, the book introduces the student and engineer to ceramics such as glass, porcelain, enamels, abrasives, refractories etc. A systematic development of the scientific principles involved in ceramic processing is presented, together with a clear explanation of principles such as packing, mixing, separation, granulation, forming, molding, casting, drying etc. 0471 84554 X
506pp
April 1988
£39.95/$60.00
IWILEY Baffins Lane, Chic~ester, West Sussex PO19 1UD, England I III I
286
I!
Health and safety considerations were focused towards the use of chloro-fluoro-borons, 1-1-1-trichloroethane and chromates within the aerospace industry. Fifteen papers were presented in the closed sessions. Development of metal matrix composites, carbon/ carbon composites and thermoplastic composites was reported with presentation of strength, flexural fatigue and fracture toughness data. New methods of manufacturing these composites were also discussed including the effects of processing parameters on mechanical properties. A. Mahoon
British Aerospace, UK
Book review Composite Materials Science and Engineering K. K. Chawla
Springer- Verlag, 1987 (DM 138) There are some who are of the opinion that the increasing number of books on composite materials is far in excess of market requirements for this information. Although a slightly cynical viewpoint, there is nevertheless a grain of truth in such philosophical meanderings. However, a more realistic argument would be that a rapidly progressing technology must be constantly fuelled by coherent and informative guidance. This is especially so in the case of a technology which has much wider potential than its present relatively limited usage. Admitting that there are a number of good texts on composite materials already available, even though some are getting a bit long in the tooth, it is necessary for any new work to meet a specific need. In this book the author has attempted to produce a readable reference which spans a broad spectrum of composite materials. After a brief introduction the book logically addresses Fibers, Matrix Materials and Interfaces in Part I. Thereafter Part II considers the marriage of fibres and matrix (Polymer Matrix, Metal Matrix, Ceramic Matrix, Carbon Fiber and Multifilamentary Superconductary Composites). Finally Part III describes the Micromechanics and Macromechanics of Composites along with Strength, Fracture, Fatigue and Design aspects. In each case the emphasis is on informative guidance rather than mathematical bewilderment. Bearing in mind earlier comments about possible market saturation, this book is a worthwhile addition to knowledge which is reasonably priced and deserves to find a niche in most technical libraries.
L H. Marshall COMPOSITES. MAY 1989
'Factors affecting the automation of a resin transfer moulding line - a simulation approach' A. W. Melton and K. D Potter (BP
Advanced Materials Ltd, Avonmouth, UK)
Ludwigshaven, West Germany) 'Wetting of graphite particles by aluminium melts' A. N. Abd El Azim, T. A. EI-Bassyouni, A. M. El-Sheikh and S. F. Moustafa
(Central Metallurgical Research & Development Institute, Cairo, Egypt) 'An historical look at adhesion and assessment of future technological trends in mould release' P. Raymond (Dexter Hysol,
Manchester, UI0 'Cold-jet: the cryogenic cleaning system' N. Crane (Del Crane Corporation, Milford Ohio, USA) Given by G. Boyce, PERA 'Understanding the factors controlling pultrusion' A. G. Gibson, D. W. Lamb and C. J. Lo (Department of Metallurgy & Materials Science, Universityof Liverpool, UK) and J. A. Quinn (Fibreforce
'Materials behaviour in resins moulding (RTM) for volume manufacture' M. J. Owen, V. Middleton, C. D. Rudd, F. N. Scott and K. F. Hutcheon (University of Nottingham, UK) 'Development of a volume production technique for the manufacture of complex shaped components in continuous fibre composites' M. parmar and G. S. Boyce (PERA, Melton Mowbray, UK) 'The conform process for advanced composites' P. M. Coon and H. K. Slater ( UKAEA, Preston, UK) 'Thermoplastic composites: the first steps towards a continuous production method' P. J. Ives (Courtaulds Research, Coventry,
UK) 'Automated manufacture of thermoplastic composites, J. S. Whiting
(Westland PLC, Helicopter Division, Yeovil, UK)
Composites Ltd, Runcorn, UK) 'Laser guidance for pre-preg layup' S. Blake (Assembly Guidance
Systems, Somerville, MA, USA) 'Developments in non-axisymmetric filament winding' V. Middleton, M. J. Owen, D. G. Ellimen and M. Shearing (Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Universityof Nottingham, UK) 'CADFIBRE a software tool for composite engineering' G. Menges and M. Erring (Institutfur Kunststoffverarbeitung, Aachen, West -
Germany) 'Asymmetric filament winding' D. G. Lloyd-Thomas, G. C. Eckold and G. M. Wells (Harwell Laboratory, UK) 'Computer aided filament winding of flat angle-ply test specimens' Aage Lystrup (Metallurgy Department, Riso National Laboratory,
Denmark) 'Tow, tape and broadgoods in automated lay-up' W. Brandt Goldsworthy (Alcoa/Goldsworthy Engineering, USA) 'PuUwinding' D. E. Shaw-Stewart (Pultrex Limited, Clacton-on-Sea,
vto
'Process simulation in filament winding: new insights show the way to cost-effective components development' K. W. Kirberg, W. Michaeli, G. Menges and A. Seifert (IKV, Aachen, West
'Polymeric diaphragm forming of thermoplastic composites' P. J. Mallon, C, M. O'Bradaigh, M. F. Fleming and R. B. Pipes
(University College, Galway, Ireland) 'Thermoplastic composite manufacturing technology for a flight standard tail-plane' G. R. Grifflths, W. D. Hillier and J. A. S. Whiting (Westland PLC, Helicopter Division, Yeovil, UK) 'Recent developments in fibre management in multi live-feed moulding' P. S. Allan and M. J. Bevis (Wolfson Centrefor
Materials Processing, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK) 'Cost effective fabrication of highly loaded carbon fibre composite aircraft structure' J. Klenner (MBB Helicopterand Military
Aircraft, Augsburg, West Germany) 'Sequential moulding - a process for continuous production of reinforced plastic profiles' D. H. Bowen, T. Thorpe, A. J. Hammond and S. Brabon (Harwell Laboratory, UK) 'New possibilities of modified winding systems' F. Capella (Pulsar,
Spain) 'How to build the Mirage 2000 radome' R. F. Carbone (Direction des
Constructions et A rmes Navales de Toulon, France)
Germany)
20th International SAMPE Technical Conference Minneapolis, MN, USA, 27-29 September 1988 This conference was organised by the Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering (SAMPE) USA. It was held at the Hyatt Regency Hotel, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA from 27 to 29 September 1988. The theme of the conference was titled, 'Materials-Processes: The Intercept Point'. Countries represented at the conference included Canada, China, France, Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, Netherlands, Taiwan, UK and USA. Papers were presented in open and closed sessions. In closed sessions the entry was restricted to security cleared personnel. The conference was well attended and many papers reported new and innovative materials/ processes and their applications. The papers were predominently from aircraft and aerospace industry. Opening of the conference was by lectures from a panel of five keynote speakers on the theme 'Aircraft Materials and Processes: Today and Tomorrow'. Primarily the use of fibre reinforced polymeric materials for aircraft structures was discussed. The applications included V-22 Tilt Rotar - Bell Helicopter, Starship 2000 - Beechcraft Corporation, 747/757/767 applications- Boeing, Airbus- MBB manufactured parts and EFA - European Fighter Aircraft Consortium. Future applications were considered to show a moderate increase in the use of polymeric
COMPOSITES. MAY 1989
composites with advanced metallic materials replacing some of the traditional materials. Current materials mentioned for power plant applications were monolithic alloys and polymeric composites, and were expected to be replaced by intermetallics, metal matrix composites, and carbon/carbon and ceramic matrices by the year 2000. Open sessions of the conference consisted of 70 papers on various aspects of materials and processes under the following broad headings: • • • • • •
Fibre Reinforced Composites Adhesives and Bonding Protective Coatings Testing and Evaluation Design and Processing Health andSafety
Three approaches to improving mechanical properties of the polymeric composites were based on using a tougher resin, modification by addition agents and hybridization of thermoplastics with thermosets. Improvements in tensile properties, impact resistance, shear strain and thermal degradation were discussed. A new one component thermosetting adhesive capable of retaining 50-60% of its room temperature strength was mentioned for temperature applications up to 260°C.
285
Repair bonding of rotator blades could be undertaken with a 80°C curing adhesive suitable for vacuum bag technique. Bond strengths obtained by three methods of joining PE~Kwere ranked in the order: vibration welding > resistance welding > adhesive bonding. Replacement of heavy metal pigments with environmentally acceptable alternatives was reported in baked polyesters, vinyl esters, polyurethane and epoxy based protective coatings for corrosion prevention. Current investigations to replace chromate conversion coatings for aluminium were directed towards conversion coatings based on phosphate, silicate, zincate and stannate. A paper also discussed plasma thermal spray coatings for high temperature surface protection of polymeric composites. Various papers discussed non-destructive evaluation of composites by ultrasonics, acousto-ultrasonics, X-ray backscatter imaging, eddy currents and opto-acoustics. Discussion on physico-chemical techniques of testing was confined to infrared transmission and Fourier transform - infrared spectroscopy. Finite element analysis and structural design considerations of aircraft composite material applications were considered with emphasis on advantages offered by the use of composites. New approaches to developing computer models for processing of composites were considered essential for future optimisation of manufacturing processes.
I
III
ULTRASTRUCTURE P R O C E S S I N G OF ADVANCED CERAMICS edited by I.D. Mackenzie, University of California, Los Angeles, USA and D.R. Ulrich, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Washington DC, USA This volume brings together the latest research and developments from the past three years in the processing of glasses, ceramics, and composite materials. The papers are contributed by specialists in their fields and comprise a coherent summation of modern ceramics processing and future prospects in the field. CONTENTS: Precursors and Chemistry for Ultrastructure Processing; Sol-Gel Science and Technology; Powders and Colloids; Advanced Ceramics; Composites, Novel Materials, and Techniques; Miscellaneous Topics. 0471 62416 0
1,048pp
October 1988
£85.0015130.00
INTRODUCTION TO THE PRINCIPLES OF CERAMIC PROCESSING by J.S. Reed, New York State College of Ceramics, Alfred University, Alfred, New York, USA Covering how products are formed from natural and synthetic minerals, techniques of heat treatment, and their inherent characteristics, the book introduces the student and engineer to ceramics such as glass, porcelain, enamels, abrasives, refractories etc. A systematic development of the scientific principles involved in ceramic processing is presented, together with a clear explanation of principles such as packing, mixing, separation, granulation, forming, molding, casting, drying etc. 0471 84554 X
506pp
April 1988
£39.95/$60.00
IWILEY Baffins Lane, Chic~ester, West Sussex PO19 1UD, England I III I
286
I!
Health and safety considerations were focused towards the use of chloro-fluoro-borons, 1-1-1-trichloroethane and chromates within the aerospace industry. Fifteen papers were presented in the closed sessions. Development of metal matrix composites, carbon/ carbon composites and thermoplastic composites was reported with presentation of strength, flexural fatigue and fracture toughness data. New methods of manufacturing these composites were also discussed including the effects of processing parameters on mechanical properties. A. Mahoon
British Aerospace, UK
Book review Composite Materials Science and Engineering K. K. Chawla
Springer- Verlag, 1987 (DM 138) There are some who are of the opinion that the increasing number of books on composite materials is far in excess of market requirements for this information. Although a slightly cynical viewpoint, there is nevertheless a grain of truth in such philosophical meanderings. However, a more realistic argument would be that a rapidly progressing technology must be constantly fuelled by coherent and informative guidance. This is especially so in the case of a technology which has much wider potential than its present relatively limited usage. Admitting that there are a number of good texts on composite materials already available, even though some are getting a bit long in the tooth, it is necessary for any new work to meet a specific need. In this book the author has attempted to produce a readable reference which spans a broad spectrum of composite materials. After a brief introduction the book logically addresses Fibers, Matrix Materials and Interfaces in Part I. Thereafter Part II considers the marriage of fibres and matrix (Polymer Matrix, Metal Matrix, Ceramic Matrix, Carbon Fiber and Multifilamentary Superconductary Composites). Finally Part III describes the Micromechanics and Macromechanics of Composites along with Strength, Fracture, Fatigue and Design aspects. In each case the emphasis is on informative guidance rather than mathematical bewilderment. Bearing in mind earlier comments about possible market saturation, this book is a worthwhile addition to knowledge which is reasonably priced and deserves to find a niche in most technical libraries.
L H. Marshall COMPOSITES. MAY 1989