213. Carbonization and graphitization processes of the extract from ortho-coking coal. part ii. graphitization process of cokes from ortho-coking coal extract and its group components

148

Abstracts

coke were examined before and after etching with chromic acid by optical microscopy and SEM. Optically distinct interfaces between pitch- and coal-cokes are physically discontinuous and poorly bonded. Formation of a continuous diffuse interface of various sizes of mosaics results in a mechanically strong interface between the cokes. 209. Co-carbonization of American coals with Ashland petroleumpitch S. Regan and H. Marsh (Northern Carbon Research Laboratories, School of Chemistry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RV, England) and W. Hibbart and A. M. Squires (Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061). Cokes from oxidised U.S. caking coals have

smaller optical texture than cokes from fresh coals as a result of the oxidation, Co-carbonization of the oxidised coals with Ashland A240 removed the effects of oxidation. Coking coal co-operates with pitch in modifying the optical textures of cokes from the caking coals.

during carbonization process, specially in the range of temperature of mesophase formation, were examined. Characteristic changes of the mesophase formation are related to changes of the elemental composition, helium density and structural ordering. 213. Carbonization and graphitization processes of the extract from ortho-eoking coal. Part II. GraphItIzatfon process of cokes from ortho-coking coal extract and its group components Urszula Swietlik and Stefan Jasienko (Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum and Coal Technical University of WrocAaw, WrocAaw, ul. Gdanska 7/9, Poland). The properties and structure of cokes from

ortho-coking coal extract and its group components and graphitization products obtained from them at 3273K were examined. Cokes from the extract and its group components belong to the graphitizing substances; graphitizability increases in the following way: BI, BS, extract cokes. X. CARBON AND GRAPHITE

FIBERS

AND THEIR COMPOSITES

210. The role of mesophase in upgrading inert-rich oxidied coal for combustion B. N. Nandi, J. A. MacPhee and L. A. Ciavaglia

214. Preparation, structural and physical propertfes of CVD carbon composites P. Delhaes and M. Trinquecoste (Centre de recherche

(Energy Research Laboratories, Ottowa, Ontario KIA OGl, Canada) and E. Chornet and R. Arsenault (Department of Chemical Engineering, Sherbrooke Vniversity, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada). Oxidized and in-

Paul Pascal, Domaine France). Carbon-carbon

ert maceral rich coals are very uneconomical for the generation of thermal power because a very high proportion of unburnt carbon is left over in the fly ash and residue after combustion. Initial development of mesophase during the treatment of low grade coals with carbon monoxide under certain conditions restores the combustion propensities by reducing unburnt carbon during combustion thereby allowing efficient utilization of these coals. 211. Carbonization of solvent refined coal Yoshio Yamada, Robert G. Jenkins and Philip L. Walker, Jr. (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Vniversity Park, PA 16802). An investigation has been made

into the carbonization of solvent refined coals (SRC) by use of hydrothermally pressurized gold tubes. Kinetics of pyridine insolubles production have been measured for an Illinois No. 6 SRC in the presence/absence of tetralin. Propensity for coking of other SRC’s, SRC component fractions and mixtures has also been examined. 212. Carbonization and graphitixatfon processes of the extract from ortho-cokfngcoal. Part I. Carbonization process of the ortho-cokhtgcoal extract Stefan Jasienko and Urszula Swietlik (Znstitut of Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum and Coal, Technical University of WrocIaw, Wroc.kaw, ul. Gdariska 7/9, Poland). Changes of the properties and structure of

the ortho-coking coal extract obtained by anthracene oil

Vniversitaire,

33405 Talence,

composites are prepared by carbon vapour phase deposition on a carbon cloth. The deposition technique is analyzed, the different microstructures and their physical properties are presented in relation with the experimental constraints. 215. Structure of matrix carbon in carbon/carbon fibre composites H. Marsh and M. Forrest (Northern Carbon Research Laboratories, School of Chemistry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RV, England). The structure and orientation of the basal

planes of the matrix carbon in carbon/carbon fibre composites is investigated using techniques of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy before and after oxidation in chromic acid respectively. The effects of CVD coatings on fibres when used in composites upon the orientation of basal planes of matrix carbon is also investigated. 216. Aspects of formation of carbon/carbon fibre composites by co-carbonizationof PAN fibres and matric precursor V. Markovic and S. Marinkovic (Boris Kidric Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Vinca, Materials Science Department, P.O. Box 522, I1001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia) and H. Marsh (Northern Carbon Research Laboratories, School of Chemistry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RV, England). Unidirec-

tional composites prepared from oxidised PAN fibres and phenolic resin, carbonized to 1173K and etched in chromic acid solution, using SEM to monitor the etching, show the identity of materials. Etching occurs at the curved interfaces of the two carbons. There is a