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35. Carbonization and graphitization of Solvent Refined Coal
Abstracts plasticity and modification of optical texture depended primarily on the fluidity developed by the original coals. In addition to coal rank, maceral concentrations and degrees of weathering played important roles in determining co-carbonization behavior. 34. Co-carbonizations of a Solvent-Refined Coal with selected coal types-II. Microstrength and reactivity of cokes produced Ching-Yi Tsai, William Spackman* and Alan W. Scaroni (Fuels and Combustion Laboratory, *Coal Research Section, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.). The addition of an SRC to bituminous coals prior to carbonization improved coke quality as measured by increase in microstrength and decrease in reactivity to CO,. Cokes produced from lower rank bituminous coals showed lower increases in microstrength but larger decreases in coke reactivity than those produced from higher rank bituminous coals. Inert macerals acted as reinforcing agents in cokes produced from highly fluid precursors. 35. Carbonization and graphitization of Solvent Refined Coal John M. Sultzbaugh and Robert G. Jenkins (Department of’ Materials Science and Engineering, Fuel Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University. University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.). An investigation has been made into the nature of cokes and carbons produced from two well-defined Solvent Refined Coals (SRCs). The structural changes of the heat treated (up to 2500°C) SRCs were followed by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and gasification reactivities in air. 36. Production of needle-like carbons from coals via hydrogenation N. Fukuda, K. Yudate and K. Nagasawa (Kawasaki Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.). Carbonization properties of SRC pitches prepared using anthracene oil and tetraline respectively, were compared to reveal how the production procedure influences them. Tetraline produced much better SRC pitch. The structure of pitches were compared to explain the difference in the properties. Further heat-treatment of SRC pitch was examined to improve the properties. 37. Coking and non-coking coals V. A. Weinberg, M. A. Sadeghi, and T. F. Yen (University of Southern Caltfornia, Department of Civil Eng., PCE 201, University Park, Los Angeles, CA 90089, U.S.A.). Four coals of known coking ability were analysed using elemental analysis, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR), solubility parameter spectroscopy, solvent extraction, and optical microscopy. The effects of oxygen functionality and swelling behavior were determined.
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38. Formation of mesophase during hydrogenation of different rank coals B. N. Nandi,? J. A. MacPhee,$ and L. A. Ciavagliag (Energy Research Labs, 555 Booth St., Ottawa, Canada KlA &I). The formation of mesophase as a function of degree of oxidation of coals has been investigated. Hydrogenation results for different ranks of coal and maceral reactivity as a function of oxidation are discused. Supporting evidence from chemical and petrographic analysis as well as spectroscopic data (13C NMR, FT-IR) will be presented. THead, Coal & Coke Constitution. JResearch Scientist. §Physical Scientist, Combustion and Carbonization Research Laboratory, CANMET, Energy Research Laboratories, Energy, Mines and Resources Canada K 1A OGl). 39. Interaction between some coals and pitches during the coking process P. Ehrburger and J. Lahaye (Centre de Recherches sur la Physico-Chemie des Surfaces Solides, C.N.R.S., 68200, Mulhouse, France). F. Bensaid and A. Oberlin (Laboratoire Marcel Mathieu, C.N.R.S. ER 131, 45046 Orleans Cedex, France). Coals of various rank of coalification were mixed with pitch to study their interaction. Raw coals and coals mixed with pitch were pyrolyzed, then examined by means of optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Various types of interaction were found. Some of them only give a good coke for iron industry. 40. Interactions of coals and pitches during cocarbonization J. Lahaye, P. Ehrburger and J. B. Donnet (Centre de Recherches sur la Physico-Chimie des Surfaces Solides C.N.R.S., 68200 Mulhouse, France). Cocarbonization of coals and tars has been followed by optical microscopy and thermogravimetry. The improvement of anisotropy of a coke by adding pitch to the initial coal would results of a chemical stabilization of the system by pitch in the domain of temperature where, in the absence of pitch, crosslinks are formed and hinder the subsequent formation of large organized aromatic units. 41. Anisotropic development in a low rank coal J. M. Rincon, R. Carvajal and J. Diaz (Department of Chemistry, National University Bogota, Colombia). A low rank coal was co-carbonized with a natural heavy oil and anthracene oil as additives. The results show that anisotropic texture can be developed with additive concentration higher than 15%. The heavy oil shows to have better modification activity than anthracene oil. 42. Control of mesophase H. Marsh, C. Atkinson and C. Latham (Northern Carbon Research Laboratories, School of Chemistry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England). The manner of the co-
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38. Formation of mesophase during hydrogenation of different rank coals B. N. Nandi,? J. A. MacPhee,$ and L. A. Ciavagliag (Energy Research Labs, 555 Booth St., Ottawa, Canada KlA &I). The formation of mesophase as a function of degree of oxidation of coals has been investigated. Hydrogenation results for different ranks of coal and maceral reactivity as a function of oxidation are discused. Supporting evidence from chemical and petrographic analysis as well as spectroscopic data (13C NMR, FT-IR) will be presented. THead, Coal & Coke Constitution. JResearch Scientist. §Physical Scientist, Combustion and Carbonization Research Laboratory, CANMET, Energy Research Laboratories, Energy, Mines and Resources Canada K 1A OGl). 39. Interaction between some coals and pitches during the coking process P. Ehrburger and J. Lahaye (Centre de Recherches sur la Physico-Chemie des Surfaces Solides, C.N.R.S., 68200, Mulhouse, France). F. Bensaid and A. Oberlin (Laboratoire Marcel Mathieu, C.N.R.S. ER 131, 45046 Orleans Cedex, France). Coals of various rank of coalification were mixed with pitch to study their interaction. Raw coals and coals mixed with pitch were pyrolyzed, then examined by means of optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Various types of interaction were found. Some of them only give a good coke for iron industry. 40. Interactions of coals and pitches during cocarbonization J. Lahaye, P. Ehrburger and J. B. Donnet (Centre de Recherches sur la Physico-Chimie des Surfaces Solides C.N.R.S., 68200 Mulhouse, France). Cocarbonization of coals and tars has been followed by optical microscopy and thermogravimetry. The improvement of anisotropy of a coke by adding pitch to the initial coal would results of a chemical stabilization of the system by pitch in the domain of temperature where, in the absence of pitch, crosslinks are formed and hinder the subsequent formation of large organized aromatic units. 41. Anisotropic development in a low rank coal J. M. Rincon, R. Carvajal and J. Diaz (Department of Chemistry, National University Bogota, Colombia). A low rank coal was co-carbonized with a natural heavy oil and anthracene oil as additives. The results show that anisotropic texture can be developed with additive concentration higher than 15%. The heavy oil shows to have better modification activity than anthracene oil. 42. Control of mesophase H. Marsh, C. Atkinson and C. Latham (Northern Carbon Research Laboratories, School of Chemistry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England). The manner of the co-