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4384897 Method of treating biomass material
166
PATENT ABSTRACTS
4384956 WASTE
WATER
PURWICATION Arnold Mulder, Apeldoorn, Netherlands, assigned to Gist-Brocades NV
A novel process for the purification of waste water and, or waste water sludge comprising subjecting the waste water and, or waste water sludge to first a methane fermentation step. then a denitri~cation step and finally an oxidation step by aeration. the electron donor in the denitrification step being mainly the sulfide from the methane fermentation step and the remaining reduced compounds in the liquid effluent from the methane fermentation step being oxidized in the aeration step.
Method of treating biomass material wherein it is subjected to two stage hydrolysis in wdhich in first stage, the more easily hydmlyzed polysaccharides, such as hemicelluloses, are depolymerized and in second stage the more difficultly depoiymerizable material, e.g.. cellulose. is depoiymerized. The biomass material is preferably subjected to a sensitization step between the first and second hydrolyzing stages by contact with molecular oxygen. The resulting hydrolysate and remaining solids are variously treated. including recycling of hydrolysate to first stage hydrolysis; countercurrent or co-current flow of recycled hydrolysate is carried out according to the nature of solids; acid is added at appropriate points, preferably nitric acid to provide nutrients for fermentation or to inhibit corrosion of equipment: bases such as calcium carbonate or hydroxide are added to neutralize hydolysate for fermentation: wet oxidation and methanation are carried out to solubilize refractory solids (wet oxidation) and to produce methane (methaI~ation); and ferric and:or aluminum ions are added to flocculate solids in the hydrolysate and such ions are recovered and resolubilized by wet oxidation and are routed to the hydrolysis stages to function as catalysts.
4384897 4384878 METHOD OF TREATING BIOMASS MATERIAL David L. Brink. assigned to The Regents of the University of California
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COMPOSTINC; ~OMPOSTABL~ ORGANIC MATERIALS SUCH AS ORGANIC WASTES AND STRONGLY AQUEOUS FOSSILE MATERIALS ‘fore Nordlund, Lars I.jungkcist. ‘forsh. Sweden. assigned to Armerad &tong Vagforbattringar AR
PATENT ABSTRACTS
4384956 WASTE
WATER
PURWICATION Arnold Mulder, Apeldoorn, Netherlands, assigned to Gist-Brocades NV
A novel process for the purification of waste water and, or waste water sludge comprising subjecting the waste water and, or waste water sludge to first a methane fermentation step. then a denitri~cation step and finally an oxidation step by aeration. the electron donor in the denitrification step being mainly the sulfide from the methane fermentation step and the remaining reduced compounds in the liquid effluent from the methane fermentation step being oxidized in the aeration step.
Method of treating biomass material wherein it is subjected to two stage hydrolysis in wdhich in first stage, the more easily hydmlyzed polysaccharides, such as hemicelluloses, are depolymerized and in second stage the more difficultly depoiymerizable material, e.g.. cellulose. is depoiymerized. The biomass material is preferably subjected to a sensitization step between the first and second hydrolyzing stages by contact with molecular oxygen. The resulting hydrolysate and remaining solids are variously treated. including recycling of hydrolysate to first stage hydrolysis; countercurrent or co-current flow of recycled hydrolysate is carried out according to the nature of solids; acid is added at appropriate points, preferably nitric acid to provide nutrients for fermentation or to inhibit corrosion of equipment: bases such as calcium carbonate or hydroxide are added to neutralize hydolysate for fermentation: wet oxidation and methanation are carried out to solubilize refractory solids (wet oxidation) and to produce methane (methaI~ation); and ferric and:or aluminum ions are added to flocculate solids in the hydrolysate and such ions are recovered and resolubilized by wet oxidation and are routed to the hydrolysis stages to function as catalysts.
4384897 4384878 METHOD OF TREATING BIOMASS MATERIAL David L. Brink. assigned to The Regents of the University of California
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COMPOSTINC; ~OMPOSTABL~ ORGANIC MATERIALS SUCH AS ORGANIC WASTES AND STRONGLY AQUEOUS FOSSILE MATERIALS ‘fore Nordlund, Lars I.jungkcist. ‘forsh. Sweden. assigned to Armerad &tong Vagforbattringar AR