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673. Properties of nickel-rhenium alloys
Classified
abstracts
37. METALLURGY, CHEMISTRY
661-672 INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY,
ANALYTICAI,
37 661. Welding of vacuum-tight constructions in XISNIOT steel and AMg6 alloy. (USSR) A new technique for the welding of thin-wall constructions is presented which is based on diffusion welding in vacuum. Vacuum-tight joints are obtained. The new technique may also be used for the diffusion welding of titanium to aluminium and molybdenum to titanium. L A Dudar et al, Progres Tekhnol Novoe Ohorud Proizv Elekfmr prih, Sura/uv 1970, 81-82 (i/r Russian). 37 (USSR) 662. Apparatus for heat treatment in vacua. An improved form of apparatus for the heat treatment of metal and other parts in vacua is described. This apparatus has the advantage of incorporating a vertical conveyor for moving the parts through the hot zone, and the heating is achieved by means of quartz-iodine lamps. Automatic loading and unloading are also provided, and as soon as the parts under treatment have passed through the furnace the heater and drive mechanism are automatically disconnected, to be started again after a specified interval. B I Ivanov et al, USSR Patent No 268,601, appl 6 Dee 1967, puhltl 3 Aug 1970. 37 663. The ion current characteristics of molybdenum electron beam zone melting. (USSR) Characteristics of the ion current from the melted zone to the insulated metallic vacuum chamber are investigated during the process of molybdenum electron beam melting. The evaporating atoms are ionized by electrons from the cathode section and by thermal and x-ray radiations. It is assumed that the ion current in the equipment is due to the presence of impurities in the refined metal. The ion current has an oscillatory character with two periods of 0.4 second and 1 minute. A relationship between the magnitude of the ion current and its time dependence and quantity of impurities in the sample and the surface of the melted metal is determined. This relation may be used for automatic checking of the process of molybdenum zone melting. I A Brodskiy et al, Morichno Emiss Strr&/rrr-jr Svo,,.vf vu Tvertl Tel, Tushke~~t FAN 1970, 137-141 (01 Rus.ciu~). 37 664. Obtaining oriented single crystals of molybdenum and their properties. (USSR) Single crystal molybdenum rods oriented along crystallographic axes (IOO), (1 IO), (111) and (I 12) were obtained by the method of vacuum container-less zone melting of pressed and sintered rods in a hydrogen atmosphere. Zone melting was performed by electron beam heating in vacuum at 5 x IO-” torr. The mechanical properties of the molybdenum single crystal rods were investigated. G A Kleyn et al, Vtorichno Emi.w Strrrktrm .Svo,~~tva Tvercl Tel. Tashkent FAN 1970, 200-204 (iu Ru.wim).
_4, 665. Electrical conductivity of pyrolysed polyacrylonitrile in the (Germany) temperature range 1.7 to 700°K. Platelets of polyacrylonitrile were heated to temperatures between 750 and 95o’C under vacuum at 5 x IO :I torr. The electrical conductivity of these samples was measured at temperatures from 1.7 to 700 K in vacuum or helium ambient. The experimental results are discussed. H W Helberg and B Wartenberg, Phys Star Sol (a), 3 (2), Ocr 1970, 401-405 (in German). 666. The interaction The interaction of a ampoules 10m3 torr ultrasonic technique. P G Rustamov et al,
37 (Germany) of tin telluride with GaTe. SnTe-GaTe system prepared in evacuated quartz was studied with the aid of a highly sensitive Phys Sfat Sol (a). 3 (2) Ott 1970, Kl39-Kl41.
37 667. Carbon determination in niobium and tantalum by oxidation melting in vacuum. (USSR) A method of oxidation melting in vacuum is used for carbon determination in niobium and tantalum. The apparatus, which attains a sensitivity of 6x 10ml weight per cent is described. K Yu Natanson et al,Zuvot/skLah, 39 (9), 1970, 1033-1036 (Or Russiu~r). 298
37 (USSR) 668. Oxygen determination in titanium hydride. Results of an investigation of the determination of oxygen in titanium hydride, using the vacuum-melting method, arc presented. The basic features of the vacuum arrangement are described. A I Boyko and V A Liskovich, Zavorlsk Lnh. 36 (I I ). 1970, 1327-l 32s (in Rmsiutl). i7 669. The Debye temperature of nickel, with different hydrogen contents, between 20 and 320 ‘K. (Germany) The Debye temperature of nickel with different hydrogen contents was calculated from heat capacity measurements in the temperature range from 20 to 320°K. G Barkleit, Ph,t:v Stut Sol, 42 (2), Drc 1970, K I35 --Kl3h. 37 670. Electron spectroscopy-a new method of material investigation. (USSR) Applications of electron spectroscopy to chemical analysis arc reviewed. The technique is based on observation of the energies and relative intensities of the photoelectrons ejected from molecular systems when irradiated with monoenergetic photons. Analysis ol photoelectron energies provides direct information on the binding energies of the different electron orbitals of the system. Examples of the Is-electron spectrum of carbon, berylium and sulphur in different compounds are given. It is shown that photoelectron spectroscopy can be used for investigation of the chemical bond in combination with Auger electron spectroscopy. The requirements of instruments for photoelectron spectroscopy are considered. It is concluded that photoelectron spectroscopy provides a direct universal means of investigating the forms of atom entering into compounds, and a powerful means of investigating the physics and chemistry of the solid state, on the basis of measurement of the bond energy of electrons in atoms. Photoelectron spectroscopy can also be used to measure the energy levels of free atoms. K I Narbutt, Zavorlsk Luh, 36 (I I), 1970, 1330~1336 (i/r Ruyvirw). 37 (USSR) 671. Spectroscopic determination of oxygen in niobium. The Fassel method is used to determine the oxygen content of niobium. The all-metallic body of the vacuum chamber and electrode holders are water-cooled. This measure, combined with chamber loading, through a special hatch, in a flow of argon, enabled the level of blank test to be lowered considerably to I IO ,’ per cent of oxygen, calculated on a sample weight of 200 mg. The glass window for light outlet is displaced 200 mm from the arc discharge, to prevent contamination of the window by graphite. The lower holder has a disc shape with thirteen holes for electrodes. Melting of the niobium sample and excitation of the oxygen spectrum is performed at an argon pressure of 640 torr in the dc current arc. Purification of the argon is described. The time of carbon oxide release from the niobium sample is 45 seconds. Before beginning the analysis, the clcctrodes are degassed. For calibration, samples are analysed by the VLKULII~ melting method, or samples prepared by saturating niobium with oxygen are used. V N Egorov and Yu N Gryzlov, Zcl~,ocLvXLrrh, 36 (I I ), 1970, I.142 I345 (Or Rmsiu/r). .17 672. Apparatus for fatigue testing of materials under conditions of (USSR) vacuum and low temperature. An apparatus is described in which the joint influence of high VICLILI~I and low temperatures on the fatigue properties of materials may be investigated. An arrangement is included for observation of the sample microstructure during investigations. Initial evacuation of the system is by a mercury diffusion pump. To maintain high vacuum and for room temperature investigations, an adsorption pump with activated charcoal and cooled by liquid nitrogen or hydrogen is used. For low temperature investigations additional pumping is obtained by freezing activated charcoal located on the inner surface of the walls of the vacuum chamber. Pressures of 1\c IO i to I J IO H torr are reached in the working chamber. A window permits observation of the sample microstructure with an optical microscope. Electromagnetic excitation of vibrations in the sample at its resonance frequency is utilized to obtain high stress with minimum power and cooling liquid consumption. The amplitude and frequency of the sample vibrations are measured. 1 A Gindin et al, Zuvotlvh Lrrh. 36 (6). 1970, 743-744 (i,r /
abstracts
37. METALLURGY, CHEMISTRY
661-672 INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY,
ANALYTICAI,
37 661. Welding of vacuum-tight constructions in XISNIOT steel and AMg6 alloy. (USSR) A new technique for the welding of thin-wall constructions is presented which is based on diffusion welding in vacuum. Vacuum-tight joints are obtained. The new technique may also be used for the diffusion welding of titanium to aluminium and molybdenum to titanium. L A Dudar et al, Progres Tekhnol Novoe Ohorud Proizv Elekfmr prih, Sura/uv 1970, 81-82 (i/r Russian). 37 (USSR) 662. Apparatus for heat treatment in vacua. An improved form of apparatus for the heat treatment of metal and other parts in vacua is described. This apparatus has the advantage of incorporating a vertical conveyor for moving the parts through the hot zone, and the heating is achieved by means of quartz-iodine lamps. Automatic loading and unloading are also provided, and as soon as the parts under treatment have passed through the furnace the heater and drive mechanism are automatically disconnected, to be started again after a specified interval. B I Ivanov et al, USSR Patent No 268,601, appl 6 Dee 1967, puhltl 3 Aug 1970. 37 663. The ion current characteristics of molybdenum electron beam zone melting. (USSR) Characteristics of the ion current from the melted zone to the insulated metallic vacuum chamber are investigated during the process of molybdenum electron beam melting. The evaporating atoms are ionized by electrons from the cathode section and by thermal and x-ray radiations. It is assumed that the ion current in the equipment is due to the presence of impurities in the refined metal. The ion current has an oscillatory character with two periods of 0.4 second and 1 minute. A relationship between the magnitude of the ion current and its time dependence and quantity of impurities in the sample and the surface of the melted metal is determined. This relation may be used for automatic checking of the process of molybdenum zone melting. I A Brodskiy et al, Morichno Emiss Strr&/rrr-jr Svo,,.vf vu Tvertl Tel, Tushke~~t FAN 1970, 137-141 (01 Rus.ciu~). 37 664. Obtaining oriented single crystals of molybdenum and their properties. (USSR) Single crystal molybdenum rods oriented along crystallographic axes (IOO), (1 IO), (111) and (I 12) were obtained by the method of vacuum container-less zone melting of pressed and sintered rods in a hydrogen atmosphere. Zone melting was performed by electron beam heating in vacuum at 5 x IO-” torr. The mechanical properties of the molybdenum single crystal rods were investigated. G A Kleyn et al, Vtorichno Emi.w Strrrktrm .Svo,~~tva Tvercl Tel. Tashkent FAN 1970, 200-204 (iu Ru.wim).
_4, 665. Electrical conductivity of pyrolysed polyacrylonitrile in the (Germany) temperature range 1.7 to 700°K. Platelets of polyacrylonitrile were heated to temperatures between 750 and 95o’C under vacuum at 5 x IO :I torr. The electrical conductivity of these samples was measured at temperatures from 1.7 to 700 K in vacuum or helium ambient. The experimental results are discussed. H W Helberg and B Wartenberg, Phys Star Sol (a), 3 (2), Ocr 1970, 401-405 (in German). 666. The interaction The interaction of a ampoules 10m3 torr ultrasonic technique. P G Rustamov et al,
37 (Germany) of tin telluride with GaTe. SnTe-GaTe system prepared in evacuated quartz was studied with the aid of a highly sensitive Phys Sfat Sol (a). 3 (2) Ott 1970, Kl39-Kl41.
37 667. Carbon determination in niobium and tantalum by oxidation melting in vacuum. (USSR) A method of oxidation melting in vacuum is used for carbon determination in niobium and tantalum. The apparatus, which attains a sensitivity of 6x 10ml weight per cent is described. K Yu Natanson et al,Zuvot/skLah, 39 (9), 1970, 1033-1036 (Or Russiu~r). 298
37 (USSR) 668. Oxygen determination in titanium hydride. Results of an investigation of the determination of oxygen in titanium hydride, using the vacuum-melting method, arc presented. The basic features of the vacuum arrangement are described. A I Boyko and V A Liskovich, Zavorlsk Lnh. 36 (I I ). 1970, 1327-l 32s (in Rmsiutl). i7 669. The Debye temperature of nickel, with different hydrogen contents, between 20 and 320 ‘K. (Germany) The Debye temperature of nickel with different hydrogen contents was calculated from heat capacity measurements in the temperature range from 20 to 320°K. G Barkleit, Ph,t:v Stut Sol, 42 (2), Drc 1970, K I35 --Kl3h. 37 670. Electron spectroscopy-a new method of material investigation. (USSR) Applications of electron spectroscopy to chemical analysis arc reviewed. The technique is based on observation of the energies and relative intensities of the photoelectrons ejected from molecular systems when irradiated with monoenergetic photons. Analysis ol photoelectron energies provides direct information on the binding energies of the different electron orbitals of the system. Examples of the Is-electron spectrum of carbon, berylium and sulphur in different compounds are given. It is shown that photoelectron spectroscopy can be used for investigation of the chemical bond in combination with Auger electron spectroscopy. The requirements of instruments for photoelectron spectroscopy are considered. It is concluded that photoelectron spectroscopy provides a direct universal means of investigating the forms of atom entering into compounds, and a powerful means of investigating the physics and chemistry of the solid state, on the basis of measurement of the bond energy of electrons in atoms. Photoelectron spectroscopy can also be used to measure the energy levels of free atoms. K I Narbutt, Zavorlsk Luh, 36 (I I), 1970, 1330~1336 (i/r Ruyvirw). 37 (USSR) 671. Spectroscopic determination of oxygen in niobium. The Fassel method is used to determine the oxygen content of niobium. The all-metallic body of the vacuum chamber and electrode holders are water-cooled. This measure, combined with chamber loading, through a special hatch, in a flow of argon, enabled the level of blank test to be lowered considerably to I IO ,’ per cent of oxygen, calculated on a sample weight of 200 mg. The glass window for light outlet is displaced 200 mm from the arc discharge, to prevent contamination of the window by graphite. The lower holder has a disc shape with thirteen holes for electrodes. Melting of the niobium sample and excitation of the oxygen spectrum is performed at an argon pressure of 640 torr in the dc current arc. Purification of the argon is described. The time of carbon oxide release from the niobium sample is 45 seconds. Before beginning the analysis, the clcctrodes are degassed. For calibration, samples are analysed by the VLKULII~ melting method, or samples prepared by saturating niobium with oxygen are used. V N Egorov and Yu N Gryzlov, Zcl~,ocLvXLrrh, 36 (I I ), 1970, I.142 I345 (Or Rmsiu/r). .17 672. Apparatus for fatigue testing of materials under conditions of (USSR) vacuum and low temperature. An apparatus is described in which the joint influence of high VICLILI~I and low temperatures on the fatigue properties of materials may be investigated. An arrangement is included for observation of the sample microstructure during investigations. Initial evacuation of the system is by a mercury diffusion pump. To maintain high vacuum and for room temperature investigations, an adsorption pump with activated charcoal and cooled by liquid nitrogen or hydrogen is used. For low temperature investigations additional pumping is obtained by freezing activated charcoal located on the inner surface of the walls of the vacuum chamber. Pressures of 1\c IO i to I J IO H torr are reached in the working chamber. A window permits observation of the sample microstructure with an optical microscope. Electromagnetic excitation of vibrations in the sample at its resonance frequency is utilized to obtain high stress with minimum power and cooling liquid consumption. The amplitude and frequency of the sample vibrations are measured. 1 A Gindin et al, Zuvotlvh Lrrh. 36 (6). 1970, 743-744 (i,r /