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01291 South China. Xijiang makes ready for first soil
02 05/01262 Oil and money. Economic thaory and the Brant Syatam Banks, F. E. Energy Policy, Dec. 1994, 22, (12), 993-1001. The world’s largest oil trading forum is the Brent System, consisting of two so-called 15 day markets - for ‘ per’and ‘real’ oil; and the Intemational Petroleum Exchange (IPE) in E ndon. The problem is that this systern’s progress toward an efficient and transparent pricing mechanism has not been trouble free, althou recent innovative deparhrres from convcntlnal futures market practice $ vc reduced the capacity of large oil companits and trading firms to manipulate this market. It also seems likely that the progress bcin made in combining various derivatives will open up new possibilities fbr commodity risk management. 011 gaopolltlca coma of age: ma naw dllammaa 95101259 Ternpeat. P. Energy Policy, Dec. 1994, q, (12), 990-991. Discusses how exactly 21 years ago., steep nscs in the ‘cc of oil imposed by OPEC governments seemed to signal an ab~pt en8”to an abundance of suppl and a major shiff to other forms of energy. Within less than 21 years - an(r nossiblv within 5 - we mav well be back in the same wsition of acute dependence on the Middle l&t. The author discusses ge&olitics in the oil industry. Oil production and macroaconomlc adjuatmant In 95/01290 tha lndonaalan aoonom Harvie, C. and Thaha, A. 2 nervy Economics, Oct. 1994,16, (4), 253-270. The paper is concerned with identifying and modelling the macroeconomic contribution of the oil sector to the Indonesian economy. A brief overview of macroeconomic developments for Indonesia is conducted for the period 1970-91, focusin upon the contribution of oil revenues to GDP, the current account an d government revenue. In addition a simple theoretical macroecon?mic model, incorporating oil, is presented and used for numeriscs, to identify and analyst potential macroeconomic cal devclooments simulahonpurpo or ndoncsia arlsinn from oil related shocks. The overview su e& that oil price shocks are-of particular interest in the context of Inl!g one&, as arc, therefore, the simulation results derived from this case. Consideration is also given to the effects u n macroeconomic outcomes, arisingfrom various policy responses to o ip”related shocks. %I01 291 South Chlna. Xljlang maker raady for flrat oil Offshore Engineer, Nov. 1994, p. 25. Rvrts that the final major component in the initial production scheme for Chma’s Xljian project arrived at the field and oil could well start to flow during Novem 6 er 1994. %lQl292 Vlatnam oil and gaa update Update, Knon Associates, UK FAX +44 (0) 932 863263, f85.00 + _p&p, 03. 1994, 90 pp. The standalone supplement of Update provides a comprehensive new business report on events in the country’s fast developing oil industry. With hvdrocarbon discoveries increasing in frwuencv and US oil and service &m anics entering the marke la&, interriatiod corn etition is growing in alP sectors of the industry. lX t report provides a gui*Be to all companies with an interest in Vietnam’s emerging oil and gas business.
Derived Liquid Fuels %/01293 Appllcatlon of patrolaum prucaaalng tachnology to tha upgradlng of coal ayncruda Fernandez, I. et a& Fuel, Jan. 1995, 74, (1 , 32-36. The feasibility of producing distillate fuels ?gasoline, diesel and aviation fuels) from coal syncrude was determined. A syncrudc from direct liqucfaction of subbituminous coal was first deaspbalted by ultrasonic disaggregation in n-hexane, to reduce the hctcroatom content. The oil was then catalytically hydrogenated in a continuous hydroprocessing unit at 45oOC and 10 MPa hydrogen pressure. The hydro mccsscd oil was fractionated by vacuum distillation and the cuts obtam *u! were characterized. The high aromaticity of the hydroproccsscd oil necessitated a second hydmtrcatment under conditions suitable for hydro enation of aromatic structures. Dcasphalting removed 39% of the N, 4J 46 of the S and 47% of the 0. The tirst hydrotrcatmcnt removed 99% of the S, 87% of the N and 37% of the 0, and increased the H/C ratio. 95101294 Catalytic hydrocracklng raactlon pathwaya, klnatIca and machanlaina ofn-alkylbanranaa Russell, C. L. et al.. Enerm & F&s, Nov.-Dec. 1994.8. (6). 1394-1400. The hydmcracking &actio~pthways.and kinetics of &i ‘a;dmatic structural elements present in typical petroleum feedstocks were probed through experiments at 35@C and loo0 psig of hydrogen pressure with a Shell NiW/USY zcolitc catalyst. Experimental results for C4-Cl5 alkylbenzencs provided insight into their rcspectie &me-like and aromatic-hke character, as well as the effect of side-chain length on the kinetics and roduct selectivities. Initial product selectivities indicated that the expect el! prototypical ring dcalkylation to benzene was accompanied by other significant reactions. Reactions in the side chain produced various shorter-chain alkylbcnzenes, lncludlng tolucnc. Rint.closyc of the side chain was also significant, producing hydroaromatic lcychc compounds.
Liquid fuels (derived liquid fuel6)
ttlaa of sulfur-baaring compound8
Changaa In organic aultur compounda In coal 96/012% macarala during II uafactlon Wmans, R. E. et of., 1 repr. Pap.-Am Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (2), 434-437. D&&&es the preliminary speciation of sulphur compounds in the asphaltene fraction of the liquefaction products from coal mace&. Several general trends were observed in the reactivity patterns of sulphur compounds in mace&. Sulphur is reduced in the asphaltene fraction compared to the initial maceral. Charactarlzatlon of ?? uccaaaiva extract fractlona 95lOl297 ralaaaad from a aampla of coal durlna- llquafactlon In a flowing. ?? olvant raactor _ Xu, B. et al., Energy & Fuels, Nov.-Dec. 1994, 8, (6). 1360-1369. Product fractions released from coal during successive temperature and time intervals have been recovered in a flowing-solvent liquefaction w tor. These experiments have been carried out using tctralin, qulnoline, and hexadecane as vehicles; the selection was based on the H-donor ability of tetrslin. the high solvent power of the essentially nondonor solvent moline and the absence of both solvent power and donor ability o9”hexadccane. The successive extract fractions have been characterized using size exclusion and planar chromatography, IT-IR and UV-fluorescence spectroscopy. %iQ1290 Charactarlzatlon of ?? uccaaalva tlma/tamparaturaraaolvad liquafaction extract fractlona ralaaaad from coal In a flowlnf+aolvant raactor Li, C. ?!. et al., Fuel, Jan. 1995, 74, (l), 37-45. The pa r reports the characterization of successive extract fractions collected 8”. urmg the liquefaction in tctralin of a UK low-rank bituminous coal (Llnby), b the use of size exclusion chromate hy and U.V.absorption and U.V.d uorcsccnce spcctroscopics in a close py related manner. Successivc liquefaction product fractions shift progressively to greater molecular masses with increashg extent of rcactlon and lncrcasing intensity of rcaction conditions; parallil increases in relative concentrations of huger aromatic ring systems are observed. 95/01299 Chamlcal and patrographlc claaalflcatlon of karogan/macarala Hutton, A. et aL, Energy & Fuels, Nov.-Dee. 1994, 8, (6), 1478-1488. The use of the term ‘keroecn’. orininallv described as the oraanic matter in oil shale, has been extend&l tb &lude’all nonsoluble solid &ganic matter in scdiientary rocks. Kerogcn is divided into ‘types’ based on elemental composition and potential maturation path. ‘Mac&l’ nomenclature, originally developed to describe the organic components of coal, has also been extended to source rocks and, later, oil shale. The extension and overlap of these two fields creates problems as attested to by the proliferation of vitrinite terminology and the application of the term vitrmlte to organic matter that is not clearly derived from woody tissue. Other problems include the fundamental complex and wide-rangm nature of Type II kerogen which is now acknowledged to be a highly %eterogencous material. %I01 300 Coal llquafactlon by rapld pyrolyala under controlled atmoaphara Sakawa, M. et al., (Assigned to) Nippon Steel Corp., JAP. Pat. JP.O6,179,871. Jun. 1994. 95101301 Convaralon of brown coal block8 to llquld atata during undarground coal gaalflcatlon Samoilenko, G. V. et al., Khim nerd Topl. (Moscow), 1994, (2), 27-30. (In Russian) &o&i-Gddissolution in l-4556 aqueous NaOH or KOH at 20” is studied in order to explore the utilization of unconverted blocks of brown coal ln underground gasification. 95lOl302 Daalgn of multi-ataga Ilquafactlon procaaa for cam plata coal convaralon and ?? xtonalva upgradlng Mochida, I. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem Sot., Div. Fuel Chem, 1994, 39, (2), 429-433. Catalytic liquefaction of Australian subbituminous (Wandoan) coal and brown (Monvcll) coal is carried out in an autoclave with 1,2,3,1Obtctrahydrofluoranthenc as the solvent. The products are extracted with THF, benzene, and hexane, and are defined as oil, asphaltcnc, prcasphaltcne, and residue. Examines the effects of dcashing pretreatment on the liquefaction of Wandoan and Morwell coal.
Furl and Enargy Abatracta March 1995 91
Derived Liquid Fuels %/01293 Appllcatlon of patrolaum prucaaalng tachnology to tha upgradlng of coal ayncruda Fernandez, I. et a& Fuel, Jan. 1995, 74, (1 , 32-36. The feasibility of producing distillate fuels ?gasoline, diesel and aviation fuels) from coal syncrude was determined. A syncrudc from direct liqucfaction of subbituminous coal was first deaspbalted by ultrasonic disaggregation in n-hexane, to reduce the hctcroatom content. The oil was then catalytically hydrogenated in a continuous hydroprocessing unit at 45oOC and 10 MPa hydrogen pressure. The hydro mccsscd oil was fractionated by vacuum distillation and the cuts obtam *u! were characterized. The high aromaticity of the hydroproccsscd oil necessitated a second hydmtrcatment under conditions suitable for hydro enation of aromatic structures. Dcasphalting removed 39% of the N, 4J 46 of the S and 47% of the 0. The tirst hydrotrcatmcnt removed 99% of the S, 87% of the N and 37% of the 0, and increased the H/C ratio. 95101294 Catalytic hydrocracklng raactlon pathwaya, klnatIca and machanlaina ofn-alkylbanranaa Russell, C. L. et al.. Enerm & F&s, Nov.-Dec. 1994.8. (6). 1394-1400. The hydmcracking &actio~pthways.and kinetics of &i ‘a;dmatic structural elements present in typical petroleum feedstocks were probed through experiments at 35@C and loo0 psig of hydrogen pressure with a Shell NiW/USY zcolitc catalyst. Experimental results for C4-Cl5 alkylbenzencs provided insight into their rcspectie &me-like and aromatic-hke character, as well as the effect of side-chain length on the kinetics and roduct selectivities. Initial product selectivities indicated that the expect el! prototypical ring dcalkylation to benzene was accompanied by other significant reactions. Reactions in the side chain produced various shorter-chain alkylbcnzenes, lncludlng tolucnc. Rint.closyc of the side chain was also significant, producing hydroaromatic lcychc compounds.
Liquid fuels (derived liquid fuel6)
ttlaa of sulfur-baaring compound8
Changaa In organic aultur compounda In coal 96/012% macarala during II uafactlon Wmans, R. E. et of., 1 repr. Pap.-Am Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (2), 434-437. D&&&es the preliminary speciation of sulphur compounds in the asphaltene fraction of the liquefaction products from coal mace&. Several general trends were observed in the reactivity patterns of sulphur compounds in mace&. Sulphur is reduced in the asphaltene fraction compared to the initial maceral. Charactarlzatlon of ?? uccaaaiva extract fractlona 95lOl297 ralaaaad from a aampla of coal durlna- llquafactlon In a flowing. ?? olvant raactor _ Xu, B. et al., Energy & Fuels, Nov.-Dec. 1994, 8, (6). 1360-1369. Product fractions released from coal during successive temperature and time intervals have been recovered in a flowing-solvent liquefaction w tor. These experiments have been carried out using tctralin, qulnoline, and hexadecane as vehicles; the selection was based on the H-donor ability of tetrslin. the high solvent power of the essentially nondonor solvent moline and the absence of both solvent power and donor ability o9”hexadccane. The successive extract fractions have been characterized using size exclusion and planar chromatography, IT-IR and UV-fluorescence spectroscopy. %iQ1290 Charactarlzatlon of ?? uccaaalva tlma/tamparaturaraaolvad liquafaction extract fractlona ralaaaad from coal In a flowlnf+aolvant raactor Li, C. ?!. et al., Fuel, Jan. 1995, 74, (l), 37-45. The pa r reports the characterization of successive extract fractions collected 8”. urmg the liquefaction in tctralin of a UK low-rank bituminous coal (Llnby), b the use of size exclusion chromate hy and U.V.absorption and U.V.d uorcsccnce spcctroscopics in a close py related manner. Successivc liquefaction product fractions shift progressively to greater molecular masses with increashg extent of rcactlon and lncrcasing intensity of rcaction conditions; parallil increases in relative concentrations of huger aromatic ring systems are observed. 95/01299 Chamlcal and patrographlc claaalflcatlon of karogan/macarala Hutton, A. et aL, Energy & Fuels, Nov.-Dee. 1994, 8, (6), 1478-1488. The use of the term ‘keroecn’. orininallv described as the oraanic matter in oil shale, has been extend&l tb &lude’all nonsoluble solid &ganic matter in scdiientary rocks. Kerogcn is divided into ‘types’ based on elemental composition and potential maturation path. ‘Mac&l’ nomenclature, originally developed to describe the organic components of coal, has also been extended to source rocks and, later, oil shale. The extension and overlap of these two fields creates problems as attested to by the proliferation of vitrinite terminology and the application of the term vitrmlte to organic matter that is not clearly derived from woody tissue. Other problems include the fundamental complex and wide-rangm nature of Type II kerogen which is now acknowledged to be a highly %eterogencous material. %I01 300 Coal llquafactlon by rapld pyrolyala under controlled atmoaphara Sakawa, M. et al., (Assigned to) Nippon Steel Corp., JAP. Pat. JP.O6,179,871. Jun. 1994. 95101301 Convaralon of brown coal block8 to llquld atata during undarground coal gaalflcatlon Samoilenko, G. V. et al., Khim nerd Topl. (Moscow), 1994, (2), 27-30. (In Russian) &o&i-Gddissolution in l-4556 aqueous NaOH or KOH at 20” is studied in order to explore the utilization of unconverted blocks of brown coal ln underground gasification. 95lOl302 Daalgn of multi-ataga Ilquafactlon procaaa for cam plata coal convaralon and ?? xtonalva upgradlng Mochida, I. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem Sot., Div. Fuel Chem, 1994, 39, (2), 429-433. Catalytic liquefaction of Australian subbituminous (Wandoan) coal and brown (Monvcll) coal is carried out in an autoclave with 1,2,3,1Obtctrahydrofluoranthenc as the solvent. The products are extracted with THF, benzene, and hexane, and are defined as oil, asphaltcnc, prcasphaltcne, and residue. Examines the effects of dcashing pretreatment on the liquefaction of Wandoan and Morwell coal.
Furl and Enargy Abatracta March 1995 91