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03474 Armada put to sea
03
Gaseous fuels (sources, propetiies, recovery, treatment)
Solubilization of Taihei o coal under mild condl95103465 Catalysis by hy r!rogen. without tions trlfluoromethanesulf%?aOcUisd Shimizu, K. er al., Fuel, Jun. 1995, 74, (6), 853-859. Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS) was found to convert coal almost completely to pyridine-solubles in the presence of isopentane at 150°C in 3 fessure of 6.0-6.8 MPa. The chemical structure of the h under autogenous fractions varied with benzene-soluble an B THF-insoluble-pyridine-soluble the acid concentration. Lower acid concentrations provided high aromaticgave higher ity and rich H,, and Hslphs, while higher acid concentrations Hbeu and HsBmm..The solubilized coal fractions bore many oxygen functional groups in spite of depolymerization. ‘Ibe ether bonds remained in the pyridine-insoluble fraction, resulting in a high molecular weight. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding of oxygen functional groups appear to be another cause of limited solubility of this fraction. Solvent-induced scission of diarylmethanes In 95103466 dihydroarene donor solvents: An experimental and mechanistic modeling study of hydrogen-transfer pathways Autrev, T. et al.. Enerav & Fuels, Mav-Jun. 1995. 9. (3). 420-428. Mechanistic kinetic models derived from thermochkmicaI.data were utilized to quantify the hydrogen-transfer pathways involved in the scission of benzylarene (PhCH,-Ar) carbon-carbon bonds in a series of dihydroarene/arene solvent mixtures. The model predicts that free hydrogen atoms (HA) play a dominant role in promoting the scission of strong benzylarene carbon-carbon bonds in both 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene solvent-mixtures and cyclic olefins. In 9,10-dihydroanthracene solvent mixtures, the direct transfer of a hydrogen from the dihydroarene to the benzylarene by the reverse radical diproportionation pathway is more important than free hydrogen atom when no diluent is present. Stabilizers for high-concentration coal-water 95103467 slurries (Assigned to) Daicel Chem., JAP. Pat. Nishimura, K. et al., JP.O6,264,075, Sep. 1994. Describes stabilizers which essentially comprise CM-cellulose or its salts of its 1% aqueous solution with viscosity 2000-10,000 CP at 25”. Slurries containing the stabilizers are also claimed, and coal slurries are easily transportable, storage stable, etc. 95103466 Studies.on Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over Fe-CuK catalyst. I. Catalytic performance Liu, 2. T. et al., J. Nat. Gas Chem., 1995, 4, (l), 66-76. The paper discusses the influence of reaction pressure, temperature, space velocity, particle size of catalyst, and H,-CO ratio of feed-gas on the steady-state product distribution, conversion of CO, H,, and synthesis gas, olefin-to-paraffin ratio, and CO,-H,O ratio for the fixed-bed FischerTropsch reaction using a coprecipitated Cu-K-promoted iron catalyst. Studies on Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over Fe-Cu95103469 K catalyst. II. Product distribution and composition Liu, Z. T. et al., J. Nut. Gas Chem., 1995, 4, (l), 77-85. In the Fischer-Tropsch reaction over a Cu-K-promoted Fe catalyst, the molecular weights of oil, wax, and C,, products, and CH, content increased with increasing pressure, and the composition of liquid hydrocarbons and oxygenates (in the water) was affected. The average product molecular weights of oil, wax, and C,, product increased with increasing temperature, but the amount of oxygenates decreased. 95103470 Study on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction over Fe-Mn-K catalyst Liu, Z. W. et al., Hecheng Huaxue, 1994, 2, (4), 343-348. (In Chinese) 95103471 Transfer hydrocracklng of petroleum residue using coal-based catalysts Nakamura, I. and Fuiimoto, K. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1994.20, (6), . 946-951. (In Japanese) Describes a novel type of coal-petroleum residue co-processing method, which consists of vaccum residue cracking with a coal-based catalyst and activation of brown coal for preparation of the cracking catalyst. Petroleum vacuum residue was cracked by using a disposable metal-containing active carbon catalyst in the presence of hydrogen to produce distillation and coke without significant hydrogen consumption. U.S. DOE research and development In slurry 95103472 phase Fischer-Tropsch technology Zhao, Y. Meitan Zhuanhua, 1994, 17, (4), 26-32. (In Chinese) Discusses the development of catalysts, chemical engineering aspects of bubble column slurry reactors. The use of blended coals In direct coal llquefactlon 95103473 Pickering, A. and Cloke, M. IChemE Res. Evenr, Two-Day Symp., Inst. Chemical Engineers, Rugby, UK, 1994, 2, 664-666. Commercial scale urocessine of coal into transuort fuels would reouire the use of coals from more than one source, possibly with differing behaviour during liquefaction lead to different liquid product distribution which would affect further processing. In previous work this has been contradictory and inconclusive as to the effect of coal blends on direct coal liquefaction. In the present work the effect of blending different coals was studied.
254
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1995
03 GASEOUS FUELS Sources, Properties,
Recovery,
Treatment
95103474 Armada put to sea Esau. I. Offshore Eneineer. Aor. 1995. 32-34. Reports thaihree yea; ago,’ Bhtish Gas was, for the first time appointed operator of a UK North Sea field on behalf of a group of co-venturers. The author went to the company’s headquarters to dtscuss the political, economic and technical challenges posed by the Armada gas development. 95103475 Flow modeling In an underground gasifier at great deoth bv the boundarv element method Mithy, B: et al., In Siru: 1994, 18, (4), 399-418. Describes the development of a flow model in an underground gasifier in which the continuity equation and the Darcy law are used. The simultaneous solution of the continuity equation and the Darcy law is carried out using the boundary element method. This method is particularly suitable for solving problems where boundary conditions are of prime importance. With this model, the effects of permeability and gasifier geometry can be demonstrated. 95103476 A new channel model for underground gasification of thin, deep coal seams Van Batenburg, D. W. et al., In Situ, 1994, 18. (4). 419-451. Describes the-development of a new method for calculating product gas composition and coal consumption rate from a ‘channel type’ underground gasification process. The model comprises radiant heat exchange between channel walls and natural-convection-driven mass transfer within a section of the channel. The model is used to demonstrate the influence of operating conditions such as pressure, air injection rate, and water injection rate on product gas composition. Parallel front-end studies keep Trent 61Tyne on fast 95103477 track Morgan, D. Offshore Engineer, May 1995, 23-25. Reports the remaining jigsaw pieces of Arco British’s latest southern North Sea gas venture, the f225 million Trent and Tyne development, came together in a flurry of activity earlier this year. Having first increased its interest in the two fields by buying stakes held by St. Jame’s Oil & Gas, Arco then removed the biggest questionmark over the fields’ development - export -by assuming operatorship of the Esmond pipeline, now renamed the East Anglia gas and liquids evacuation system (Eagles). 95103476 Quantitative analysis of coal type gas and oil type gas In the mixed gas reservoir in the northwest boarder of Junggar basin Wang, Y. T. Shiyou Kanfan Yu Kuifa, 1994, 21, (l), 14-19. (In Chinese) By an analysis of artifically mixed typical coal-type gas and oil-type gas samples obtained from the northwest boarder of Junggar basin, the paper gives the variation of light hydrocarbons and carbon isotopes for the gases mixed at different proportions. Technical progress in coke-gas purification 95103479 Antiprova, V. V. Koks Khim., 1994, (lo), 22-31. (In Russian) Reports on the technical progress in coke oven gas purification. 95103460 Theoretical basis of allothermal solid fuel gaslfication with utilization of heat of blast furnace slaa Nefedov, Y. A. er al., Koks Khim., 1994, (lo), 8-12. TIn Russian.i Describes how theoretical calculations indicate that in coal gast tcatton with steam-oxygen, high efficiency and coal conversion with steam can be attained when blast furnace slag is used as a heat source.
Transport,
Storage
95103461 AMETHYSTE - A new software package to predict rollover Marcel, 0. and Uznanski, D. T. Gaz d’aujourd’hui, Apr. 1995, 119, (4). 191-194. (In French) Reports that following the occurrence of rollover at the liquefied gas tank farms of La Spezia and Fos-sur-Mer, Gaz de France launched a research programm to study and predict rollover. In 1993 the first version of the simple, user-friendly rollover simulation software called AMETHYSTE was made available to the Production and Transmission Division of Gaz de France. The European transmlsslon grld 95103462 Detourne, C. and Carouge, C. Gaz d’oujourd’hui, Apr. 1995, 119, (4), 199-203. IIn French) One of the most remarkable features of the European gas industry is the huge natural gas transmission grid built by European gas companies. The article follows on from the contribution first published in the January issue of Goz de’aujourd’hui and presents the European grid as it stands today and its prospects for fhe future.
Gaseous fuels (sources, propetiies, recovery, treatment)
Solubilization of Taihei o coal under mild condl95103465 Catalysis by hy r!rogen. without tions trlfluoromethanesulf%?aOcUisd Shimizu, K. er al., Fuel, Jun. 1995, 74, (6), 853-859. Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS) was found to convert coal almost completely to pyridine-solubles in the presence of isopentane at 150°C in 3 fessure of 6.0-6.8 MPa. The chemical structure of the h under autogenous fractions varied with benzene-soluble an B THF-insoluble-pyridine-soluble the acid concentration. Lower acid concentrations provided high aromaticgave higher ity and rich H,, and Hslphs, while higher acid concentrations Hbeu and HsBmm..The solubilized coal fractions bore many oxygen functional groups in spite of depolymerization. ‘Ibe ether bonds remained in the pyridine-insoluble fraction, resulting in a high molecular weight. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding of oxygen functional groups appear to be another cause of limited solubility of this fraction. Solvent-induced scission of diarylmethanes In 95103466 dihydroarene donor solvents: An experimental and mechanistic modeling study of hydrogen-transfer pathways Autrev, T. et al.. Enerav & Fuels, Mav-Jun. 1995. 9. (3). 420-428. Mechanistic kinetic models derived from thermochkmicaI.data were utilized to quantify the hydrogen-transfer pathways involved in the scission of benzylarene (PhCH,-Ar) carbon-carbon bonds in a series of dihydroarene/arene solvent mixtures. The model predicts that free hydrogen atoms (HA) play a dominant role in promoting the scission of strong benzylarene carbon-carbon bonds in both 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene solvent-mixtures and cyclic olefins. In 9,10-dihydroanthracene solvent mixtures, the direct transfer of a hydrogen from the dihydroarene to the benzylarene by the reverse radical diproportionation pathway is more important than free hydrogen atom when no diluent is present. Stabilizers for high-concentration coal-water 95103467 slurries (Assigned to) Daicel Chem., JAP. Pat. Nishimura, K. et al., JP.O6,264,075, Sep. 1994. Describes stabilizers which essentially comprise CM-cellulose or its salts of its 1% aqueous solution with viscosity 2000-10,000 CP at 25”. Slurries containing the stabilizers are also claimed, and coal slurries are easily transportable, storage stable, etc. 95103466 Studies.on Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over Fe-CuK catalyst. I. Catalytic performance Liu, 2. T. et al., J. Nat. Gas Chem., 1995, 4, (l), 66-76. The paper discusses the influence of reaction pressure, temperature, space velocity, particle size of catalyst, and H,-CO ratio of feed-gas on the steady-state product distribution, conversion of CO, H,, and synthesis gas, olefin-to-paraffin ratio, and CO,-H,O ratio for the fixed-bed FischerTropsch reaction using a coprecipitated Cu-K-promoted iron catalyst. Studies on Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over Fe-Cu95103469 K catalyst. II. Product distribution and composition Liu, Z. T. et al., J. Nut. Gas Chem., 1995, 4, (l), 77-85. In the Fischer-Tropsch reaction over a Cu-K-promoted Fe catalyst, the molecular weights of oil, wax, and C,, products, and CH, content increased with increasing pressure, and the composition of liquid hydrocarbons and oxygenates (in the water) was affected. The average product molecular weights of oil, wax, and C,, product increased with increasing temperature, but the amount of oxygenates decreased. 95103470 Study on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction over Fe-Mn-K catalyst Liu, Z. W. et al., Hecheng Huaxue, 1994, 2, (4), 343-348. (In Chinese) 95103471 Transfer hydrocracklng of petroleum residue using coal-based catalysts Nakamura, I. and Fuiimoto, K. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1994.20, (6), . 946-951. (In Japanese) Describes a novel type of coal-petroleum residue co-processing method, which consists of vaccum residue cracking with a coal-based catalyst and activation of brown coal for preparation of the cracking catalyst. Petroleum vacuum residue was cracked by using a disposable metal-containing active carbon catalyst in the presence of hydrogen to produce distillation and coke without significant hydrogen consumption. U.S. DOE research and development In slurry 95103472 phase Fischer-Tropsch technology Zhao, Y. Meitan Zhuanhua, 1994, 17, (4), 26-32. (In Chinese) Discusses the development of catalysts, chemical engineering aspects of bubble column slurry reactors. The use of blended coals In direct coal llquefactlon 95103473 Pickering, A. and Cloke, M. IChemE Res. Evenr, Two-Day Symp., Inst. Chemical Engineers, Rugby, UK, 1994, 2, 664-666. Commercial scale urocessine of coal into transuort fuels would reouire the use of coals from more than one source, possibly with differing behaviour during liquefaction lead to different liquid product distribution which would affect further processing. In previous work this has been contradictory and inconclusive as to the effect of coal blends on direct coal liquefaction. In the present work the effect of blending different coals was studied.
254
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1995
03 GASEOUS FUELS Sources, Properties,
Recovery,
Treatment
95103474 Armada put to sea Esau. I. Offshore Eneineer. Aor. 1995. 32-34. Reports thaihree yea; ago,’ Bhtish Gas was, for the first time appointed operator of a UK North Sea field on behalf of a group of co-venturers. The author went to the company’s headquarters to dtscuss the political, economic and technical challenges posed by the Armada gas development. 95103475 Flow modeling In an underground gasifier at great deoth bv the boundarv element method Mithy, B: et al., In Siru: 1994, 18, (4), 399-418. Describes the development of a flow model in an underground gasifier in which the continuity equation and the Darcy law are used. The simultaneous solution of the continuity equation and the Darcy law is carried out using the boundary element method. This method is particularly suitable for solving problems where boundary conditions are of prime importance. With this model, the effects of permeability and gasifier geometry can be demonstrated. 95103476 A new channel model for underground gasification of thin, deep coal seams Van Batenburg, D. W. et al., In Situ, 1994, 18. (4). 419-451. Describes the-development of a new method for calculating product gas composition and coal consumption rate from a ‘channel type’ underground gasification process. The model comprises radiant heat exchange between channel walls and natural-convection-driven mass transfer within a section of the channel. The model is used to demonstrate the influence of operating conditions such as pressure, air injection rate, and water injection rate on product gas composition. Parallel front-end studies keep Trent 61Tyne on fast 95103477 track Morgan, D. Offshore Engineer, May 1995, 23-25. Reports the remaining jigsaw pieces of Arco British’s latest southern North Sea gas venture, the f225 million Trent and Tyne development, came together in a flurry of activity earlier this year. Having first increased its interest in the two fields by buying stakes held by St. Jame’s Oil & Gas, Arco then removed the biggest questionmark over the fields’ development - export -by assuming operatorship of the Esmond pipeline, now renamed the East Anglia gas and liquids evacuation system (Eagles). 95103476 Quantitative analysis of coal type gas and oil type gas In the mixed gas reservoir in the northwest boarder of Junggar basin Wang, Y. T. Shiyou Kanfan Yu Kuifa, 1994, 21, (l), 14-19. (In Chinese) By an analysis of artifically mixed typical coal-type gas and oil-type gas samples obtained from the northwest boarder of Junggar basin, the paper gives the variation of light hydrocarbons and carbon isotopes for the gases mixed at different proportions. Technical progress in coke-gas purification 95103479 Antiprova, V. V. Koks Khim., 1994, (lo), 22-31. (In Russian) Reports on the technical progress in coke oven gas purification. 95103460 Theoretical basis of allothermal solid fuel gaslfication with utilization of heat of blast furnace slaa Nefedov, Y. A. er al., Koks Khim., 1994, (lo), 8-12. TIn Russian.i Describes how theoretical calculations indicate that in coal gast tcatton with steam-oxygen, high efficiency and coal conversion with steam can be attained when blast furnace slag is used as a heat source.
Transport,
Storage
95103461 AMETHYSTE - A new software package to predict rollover Marcel, 0. and Uznanski, D. T. Gaz d’aujourd’hui, Apr. 1995, 119, (4). 191-194. (In French) Reports that following the occurrence of rollover at the liquefied gas tank farms of La Spezia and Fos-sur-Mer, Gaz de France launched a research programm to study and predict rollover. In 1993 the first version of the simple, user-friendly rollover simulation software called AMETHYSTE was made available to the Production and Transmission Division of Gaz de France. The European transmlsslon grld 95103462 Detourne, C. and Carouge, C. Gaz d’oujourd’hui, Apr. 1995, 119, (4), 199-203. IIn French) One of the most remarkable features of the European gas industry is the huge natural gas transmission grid built by European gas companies. The article follows on from the contribution first published in the January issue of Goz de’aujourd’hui and presents the European grid as it stands today and its prospects for fhe future.