- Email: [email protected]
03526 Underground fixation of carbon dioxide and recovery of methane from coal seams
04 H S removal from coal gas et elevated temperature and pressure k fluidized bed with zinc titanate sorbents. 1, Cyc-
95103514 lic tests
Mojtahedi, W. and Abbasian, J. Energy & Fiels, May-Jun. 1995, 9, (3), 429434. Simplified integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) processes are considered lo be among the most efficient and environmentally acceptable technologies for power generation from coal. In such processes the coal is gasified at pressure and the coal gas is cleaned and combusted in a gas turbine. Coal gas cleanup at elevated pressure and temperature in the IGCC processes offers advantages in higher power generation efficiency and simpler plant configuration. Regenerable mixed metal oxide sorbents are the prime candidates for removal of hydrogen sulphide (the main pollutant) from the hot coal gas in the simplified IGCC processes. In the paper, the results of cyclic suiphidation/regeneration tests conducted with two zinc titanate sorbents are presented and discussed. Influence of coal oxidation upon char gasification 95103515 reactivity Alvarez, T. et al., Fuel, May 1995,74, (5), 729-735. The objective of this work was to study the effect of coal air oxidation on char gasification reactivity.Three bituminous coals with different rank, from a low volatile bituminous coal lo a high volatile C bituminous coal, were used. Isothermal runs were carried out in air, using particle sizes ranging between 48 and 855 urn. The experimental results showed that char reactivity increases with degree of the coal oxidation. The dependence of the rate constant on temperature exhibits an activation energy in the range 105-130 kJ moi-‘. A slight increase in activation energy with coal oxidation extent was also detected. The changes in char textural development as a consequence of coal preoxidation explain the modification of char reactivity. Good correlations were found between char reactivity, total surface area (TS) and active surface area (ASA). inhibiting effect of coexisting gas on CO, gasifica95103516 tion of Ca-loaded coal char I Kyotani, T. er al., Nippon Enerugi Gakkaishi, 1994, 73, (ll), 1005-112. (In Japanese) Describes the CO, gasification of Ca-loaded brown coal char in the presence of H, or CO with a thermal balance. The chemical form of Ca catalyst was in situ analyzed with a high-temperature X-ray diffraction. The international directory of hydrogen energy 95103517 Peter Hoffman, The Hydrogen Letterpress, 4104 Jefferson St., Hyattsville, MD.20781, USA, $45.00 (USA) $52.00 (Overseas), 80 pp. The directory contains 650 entries, from the Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois lo ZSW (Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research) in Germany. Iron-catalyzed gasification of coal char under com95103516 position modulation Zhang, Z. G. et al., Energy & Fuels, May&m. 1995, 9, (3), 479-483. Experiments are d’escried which attempt lo exploit the redox or oxygen transfer mechanism of iron-catalyzed coal gasification by periodically alternating between an oxidizing and a reducing gas environment A lowrank, Canadian coal was used and carbon dioxide was the oxidizing gas. A 15% increase in yield of CO based on CO, supplied compared to the steady-state operation of the gasifier was observed at 800°C for a coal loaded with 3 wt% Fe using a cycle period of 60 s. The advantage for the modulation operation decreased with increasing temperature and became negligible at 900°C. Kinetic studies on high temperature desulfurization 95103519 of synthesis gas with zinc ferrite Karlegaerd, A. and Bjerle, 1. Chem. Eng. Technol., 1994, 17, (l), 21-29. Describes the study of desulphuriztion of synthesis gas with zinc ferrite in a laboratory-scale fiked-bed reactor. Desulphurization efficiency of 9799% was obtained. The inlet hydrogen sulphide concentration was about 2600 ppm. 95103520 Method of quenching synthesis gas Clomburg, L. A. er al., (Assigned to) Shell Oil Co., PCT. Int. W0.94,26,850, Nov. 1994. The process is used for quenching a first synthesis gas mixture containing synthesis gas, molten fly ash, water, and carbon dioxide and producing additional synthesis gas. Modeling the underground storage facility at 95103521 Germigny-sous-Coulombs Khodri, D. and De Moegen, H. Gaz d’aujourd’hui, Apr. 1995, 119, (4), 195-198. (In French) Germigny-sous-Coulombs is an aquifer storage facility that is in the process of development. Its current volume is 2.2 billion cubic meters and it is planned lo increase its working gas capacity. For this purpose simulation work was necessary. The article reprints the main points of the related thesis written by D. Khodri in 1994 who was awarded the gas engineering ‘Mastere’ degree with distinction for his work.
By-products related to Iuels
95103522 Optlmiration of regimes of intrac cle fuel gasificetion as applied to steam-gas energy units oY thermal electric power plants Soiyakov, Russian)
V. K. et a/., Tebloenergetika (Moscow), 1994, (6), 47-51. (In
Exergy efficiency coefficients were calculated for a gas generator unit used for coal gasification in an electric power plant. The calculations were performed on the basis of data on mass and heat balances obtained by using the E.E. Gudymov et al. mathematical model (1986).
95103523
Prevention
of ash deposit in coal gasifier
Tokuda, K. and Ooguri, M. (Assigned to) Mitsubishi Heavy Ind. Ltd.; Choryo Eng., JAP. pat. JP.O6,271,873, Sep. 1994. Describes an injection-bed coal gasifier which includes a combustor with slag tape on the bottom; a reductor above the combustor, having watercooling walls surrounded with a plurality of gas chambers for slugging prevention, and holes on the fin of the wails for injecting inert gas to the reductor for blowing away the ashes deposited on the inner wails.
95103524 Reactlvlty of catal sts Effects of gases formed on react Yvlty
for
coal
gasification
-
Nishiyama, Y. and Terada, K. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1994,20, (6), 793-798. (In Japanese) Steam gasification/pyrolysis of three different ranks of coal with or without catalysts was conducted using a vertical quartz tube reactor. For Taiheiyo coal without added catalyst, carbon conversion per unit wt. of coal decreased with increasing bed height, indicating the suppressive effect of the products. With Na catalyst, deactivation was almost negligible. With Ca, Fe, or Ni catalysts, deactivation was intermediate between the Naloaded and non-catalytic cases.
95103525 Thermodynamic ification of coal fuels Warowny,
W.
calculations
of the process of gas-
Car. Woda Tech. Sanit., 1994, 68, (l), 221-225. (In Polish)
Thermodynamic data were utilized for deriving an algorithm for calculation of the process of coal gasification using coals of any composition, ail kinds of gasification medium, temperatures of the industrial region, and wide range of pressures. A system of nonlinear equations was derived for calculating the amount of reactants lo be used, the amount of heat necessary, and composition of the gas mixture.
95103526 Underground fixation of carbon dioxide and recovery of methane from coal seams Katayama, Y. and Shimoyama, T. (Assigned to) Mirsui Mining Co.Ltd., JAP. Pat. JP.O6,288,171, OCI. 1994. The underground fixation of carbon dioxide and recovery of methane from coal seams is carried out by pressurizing CO,-containing gases or liquids into underground coal seams via injection holes to replace adsorbed methane for recovery, and adsorption of CO, in seams.
04 BY-PRODUCTSRELATEDTO FUELS About using fly ash as raw material for cellular95103527 expanded concrete Dragoi, I. and Todinca, A. S. Mafer. Constr. (Bucharest), 1994, 24, (2), 95-97. The paper investigates the grain size fractions, chemical composition, crystalline phase composition and hydraulic activity of fly ash from a thermoelectric power station. Examines the use of the fly ash in cellular-expanded concrete.
95103526 The anticorrosive effect of fly ash, slag and a Greek pozrolan in reinforced concreta Kouloumbi, N. er al., Cem. Concr. Conipos., 1994, 16, (4), 253-160. Describes the influence of the addition of 15% and 30% fly ash, 15% and 30% of a Greek natural pozzolan and 50% granulated blast-furnace slag lo ordinary portland cement on the corrosion resistance of the reinforcing bars in a programme of long-term exposure to seawater.
A binder used in coal briquets for gasification in 95103529 ammonia synthesis process Luo, H. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingsku, CN.1,081,462, Feb. 1994.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1995
257
95103514 lic tests
Mojtahedi, W. and Abbasian, J. Energy & Fiels, May-Jun. 1995, 9, (3), 429434. Simplified integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) processes are considered lo be among the most efficient and environmentally acceptable technologies for power generation from coal. In such processes the coal is gasified at pressure and the coal gas is cleaned and combusted in a gas turbine. Coal gas cleanup at elevated pressure and temperature in the IGCC processes offers advantages in higher power generation efficiency and simpler plant configuration. Regenerable mixed metal oxide sorbents are the prime candidates for removal of hydrogen sulphide (the main pollutant) from the hot coal gas in the simplified IGCC processes. In the paper, the results of cyclic suiphidation/regeneration tests conducted with two zinc titanate sorbents are presented and discussed. Influence of coal oxidation upon char gasification 95103515 reactivity Alvarez, T. et al., Fuel, May 1995,74, (5), 729-735. The objective of this work was to study the effect of coal air oxidation on char gasification reactivity.Three bituminous coals with different rank, from a low volatile bituminous coal lo a high volatile C bituminous coal, were used. Isothermal runs were carried out in air, using particle sizes ranging between 48 and 855 urn. The experimental results showed that char reactivity increases with degree of the coal oxidation. The dependence of the rate constant on temperature exhibits an activation energy in the range 105-130 kJ moi-‘. A slight increase in activation energy with coal oxidation extent was also detected. The changes in char textural development as a consequence of coal preoxidation explain the modification of char reactivity. Good correlations were found between char reactivity, total surface area (TS) and active surface area (ASA). inhibiting effect of coexisting gas on CO, gasifica95103516 tion of Ca-loaded coal char I Kyotani, T. er al., Nippon Enerugi Gakkaishi, 1994, 73, (ll), 1005-112. (In Japanese) Describes the CO, gasification of Ca-loaded brown coal char in the presence of H, or CO with a thermal balance. The chemical form of Ca catalyst was in situ analyzed with a high-temperature X-ray diffraction. The international directory of hydrogen energy 95103517 Peter Hoffman, The Hydrogen Letterpress, 4104 Jefferson St., Hyattsville, MD.20781, USA, $45.00 (USA) $52.00 (Overseas), 80 pp. The directory contains 650 entries, from the Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois lo ZSW (Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research) in Germany. Iron-catalyzed gasification of coal char under com95103516 position modulation Zhang, Z. G. et al., Energy & Fuels, May&m. 1995, 9, (3), 479-483. Experiments are d’escried which attempt lo exploit the redox or oxygen transfer mechanism of iron-catalyzed coal gasification by periodically alternating between an oxidizing and a reducing gas environment A lowrank, Canadian coal was used and carbon dioxide was the oxidizing gas. A 15% increase in yield of CO based on CO, supplied compared to the steady-state operation of the gasifier was observed at 800°C for a coal loaded with 3 wt% Fe using a cycle period of 60 s. The advantage for the modulation operation decreased with increasing temperature and became negligible at 900°C. Kinetic studies on high temperature desulfurization 95103519 of synthesis gas with zinc ferrite Karlegaerd, A. and Bjerle, 1. Chem. Eng. Technol., 1994, 17, (l), 21-29. Describes the study of desulphuriztion of synthesis gas with zinc ferrite in a laboratory-scale fiked-bed reactor. Desulphurization efficiency of 9799% was obtained. The inlet hydrogen sulphide concentration was about 2600 ppm. 95103520 Method of quenching synthesis gas Clomburg, L. A. er al., (Assigned to) Shell Oil Co., PCT. Int. W0.94,26,850, Nov. 1994. The process is used for quenching a first synthesis gas mixture containing synthesis gas, molten fly ash, water, and carbon dioxide and producing additional synthesis gas. Modeling the underground storage facility at 95103521 Germigny-sous-Coulombs Khodri, D. and De Moegen, H. Gaz d’aujourd’hui, Apr. 1995, 119, (4), 195-198. (In French) Germigny-sous-Coulombs is an aquifer storage facility that is in the process of development. Its current volume is 2.2 billion cubic meters and it is planned lo increase its working gas capacity. For this purpose simulation work was necessary. The article reprints the main points of the related thesis written by D. Khodri in 1994 who was awarded the gas engineering ‘Mastere’ degree with distinction for his work.
By-products related to Iuels
95103522 Optlmiration of regimes of intrac cle fuel gasificetion as applied to steam-gas energy units oY thermal electric power plants Soiyakov, Russian)
V. K. et a/., Tebloenergetika (Moscow), 1994, (6), 47-51. (In
Exergy efficiency coefficients were calculated for a gas generator unit used for coal gasification in an electric power plant. The calculations were performed on the basis of data on mass and heat balances obtained by using the E.E. Gudymov et al. mathematical model (1986).
95103523
Prevention
of ash deposit in coal gasifier
Tokuda, K. and Ooguri, M. (Assigned to) Mitsubishi Heavy Ind. Ltd.; Choryo Eng., JAP. pat. JP.O6,271,873, Sep. 1994. Describes an injection-bed coal gasifier which includes a combustor with slag tape on the bottom; a reductor above the combustor, having watercooling walls surrounded with a plurality of gas chambers for slugging prevention, and holes on the fin of the wails for injecting inert gas to the reductor for blowing away the ashes deposited on the inner wails.
95103524 Reactlvlty of catal sts Effects of gases formed on react Yvlty
for
coal
gasification
-
Nishiyama, Y. and Terada, K. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1994,20, (6), 793-798. (In Japanese) Steam gasification/pyrolysis of three different ranks of coal with or without catalysts was conducted using a vertical quartz tube reactor. For Taiheiyo coal without added catalyst, carbon conversion per unit wt. of coal decreased with increasing bed height, indicating the suppressive effect of the products. With Na catalyst, deactivation was almost negligible. With Ca, Fe, or Ni catalysts, deactivation was intermediate between the Naloaded and non-catalytic cases.
95103525 Thermodynamic ification of coal fuels Warowny,
W.
calculations
of the process of gas-
Car. Woda Tech. Sanit., 1994, 68, (l), 221-225. (In Polish)
Thermodynamic data were utilized for deriving an algorithm for calculation of the process of coal gasification using coals of any composition, ail kinds of gasification medium, temperatures of the industrial region, and wide range of pressures. A system of nonlinear equations was derived for calculating the amount of reactants lo be used, the amount of heat necessary, and composition of the gas mixture.
95103526 Underground fixation of carbon dioxide and recovery of methane from coal seams Katayama, Y. and Shimoyama, T. (Assigned to) Mirsui Mining Co.Ltd., JAP. Pat. JP.O6,288,171, OCI. 1994. The underground fixation of carbon dioxide and recovery of methane from coal seams is carried out by pressurizing CO,-containing gases or liquids into underground coal seams via injection holes to replace adsorbed methane for recovery, and adsorption of CO, in seams.
04 BY-PRODUCTSRELATEDTO FUELS About using fly ash as raw material for cellular95103527 expanded concrete Dragoi, I. and Todinca, A. S. Mafer. Constr. (Bucharest), 1994, 24, (2), 95-97. The paper investigates the grain size fractions, chemical composition, crystalline phase composition and hydraulic activity of fly ash from a thermoelectric power station. Examines the use of the fly ash in cellular-expanded concrete.
95103526 The anticorrosive effect of fly ash, slag and a Greek pozrolan in reinforced concreta Kouloumbi, N. er al., Cem. Concr. Conipos., 1994, 16, (4), 253-160. Describes the influence of the addition of 15% and 30% fly ash, 15% and 30% of a Greek natural pozzolan and 50% granulated blast-furnace slag lo ordinary portland cement on the corrosion resistance of the reinforcing bars in a programme of long-term exposure to seawater.
A binder used in coal briquets for gasification in 95103529 ammonia synthesis process Luo, H. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingsku, CN.1,081,462, Feb. 1994.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1995
257