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05582 Chemometric studies of distribution of trace elements in seven Chinese coals
01
Solid fuels (sources, winning, properties) 95105584
Determination of rulfur groups rank coal by atmospheric-pressure t.p.r.
In pyrolysed
low-
Yperrnan, J. et al., Fuel, Sep. 1995, 74, (9), 1261-1266.
Atmospheric-pressure temperature-programmed reduction (t.p.r.) was used to follow in pyrolysed sub-bituminous coal the changes in amount of pyrite and in organic sulphur groups as a function of temperature. At higher pyrolysis temperatures, ovrite and aliohatic and mixed aliohatic-aromatic iilptides disappeared &tematically’ and more complex’ sulphur cornpounds such as aromatic sulphides and simple thiophenic structures were formed.
01 SOLID FUELS Sources, Winning, Properties 95105576 Advance8 In face productlvlty Chadwick, J. Mintig Magazine, Sep. 1995, 173, (3), 138-145. Discusses the developments in longwall and continuous mining.
95/05585
E.p.r. HFS spectral characterlrtlcs ions in Argonne and Aiberia coais
An analysir of the bearing capacit of coal seam 95lQ5577 8,n,“,;;; mining efficiency for the deslgn of mrc Kanized mining
Hong, K. P. er al., Han’guk Chawon Konghak Hoechi 1994, 31, (4), 325-332. (In Korean) Presents field tests of mechanized coal mining method using chock supports in longwall mining face. 95105570 Carbonization behavior of some Turkish Iignites. Effect of mineral matter Sentorun, C. et ai., Erdoei Kohle, Erdgas, Perrochem., 1995, 48, (l),
39-42. Discusses the investigation of carbonization behaviour of original and demineralized lignites from different parts of Turkey by thennogravimetry (TG). Experiements were conducted in N2 at a constant heating rate of 40 K/min. The TG and DTG curves of original and demineralized lignites obtained under identical conditions were compared and discussed. cm,n~c’)t3 Wi),“ili)#
1
r*s.sraarls,b.~
YII~I~~,IIIO,I~P
r‘
“I
rrl.lrr
runllly
alA
-la”
Ias”
1oa11
rrlarr
runllly
..*als t.vm,a
r, “I
vitrinltic composition
Eremin, I. V. and Bronovets, T. M. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1995, (2), 3-11. (In Russian) Coking and lean coking coals of the Neryungrinsk deposits are characterized according to Russian standards and compared with Donets and Kuznetsk coali. Some changes in their classificaiion are recommended.
of Mn’+ impurity
Zhang, Y. P. et al., Fuel, Sep. 1995, 74, (9), 1307-1312. The presence of transition-metal ions influences the chemical behaviour of coal. In particular, these ions lay a significant role in coal oxidation, liquefaction and hydrogenation. %I e combined presence of water and these ions plays an important role in the low-temperature oxidation of coal and spontaneous combustion processes. Manganese is a common transitionmetal impurity in coal. Some of the manganese ions are present in the mineral components calcite or calcium carbonate and the ferrous carbonates siderite-and ferrite; the remainder are probably present in the coal macerals. The paper reports the results of a new, more comprehensive 9.2 and 33.3 GHz continuous-wave e.o.r. study of the allowed and forbidden HFS transitions for Mn*’impurity’ions in the eight Argonne samples and two Alberta h. v. bituminous coal samples.
95105586 The efficiencies of cast blasting In wide pits Martin, R. L. and King, M. G. Coal, Jun. 1995, 100, (6), 33-34. The article discusses how blasting activities in all four its at Thunder . With Basin’s Black Thunder mine (USA) are focused on cast eR.1ctence.s. widths varying from 190 ft to 265 ft and bench heights varying from 90 to 175 ft, casting efficiencies vary with differing geometry. For example, the percent cast to final in the 200-ft pit is on the average higher than the 270ft pit. The powder factors are somewhat higher in the narrower pits, thus increasing the cost of blasting. This leads to a very detailed look at the acutal benefit of cast blasting and the associated costs.
95105560
95105587 Gas outburst tendency of impregnated Impregnated coal during relaxation drilling
Kussian) Presents characteristics of humic acids from lake sapropels. Their content is sapropels of various type lakes depends on flow-through and structure of lake biocenosis during sediment formation. The condensation degree of the humic acids is determined by intensity of oxidation processes in reservoir and age of sediment.
Froehlich, S. Glueckauf-Forschungsh., 1995, 56, (I), 8-12. (In German) n:..,..,-a- ?? La ‘ L-1. ,.F “‘lll,,l~-rnuucsu A-:,,:..,. Z..rl..^_A5ll.J ^^_ ““l”UlJL ,...,L..-. uu,,,rg .I..-..,. ‘ -_l”..“r:,... A.:,, YlJCUJJCJ ,I,= Ian “I ~,~*~.I,“,,u1111ing in intact coal which was observed only in anthracite under high pressure and constant high mechanical stresses in the coal by the DTM Research and Testing company, Germany. Progressively larger drillings are generally regarded as a sign of increasing mechanical stresses in the coal. The type of coal and gas pressure influences the scale of drillings, all other conditions being equal.
Characteristics of humic acids from lake sapropels of various age8 L. P. et al., K&n. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1995, (l), 3-14. (In -Sen’kevich, . .
and non-
95/Q5501
Characteristic8 of the mechanism of stress relief of fossil coal by carbon dioxide Dzhigrin, A. V. et al., K&m. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1995, (2), 18-21. (In
Russian) An IR spectroscopic study of CO adsorption at 28 MPA on coal indicates that adsorbed CO, is fixed to coaI surface in the form of a ‘carbonite’ ion CO,“. This process is activated at the expense of overstrained skeleton bonds during coal macromolecular deformation. 95105582
Chemometrlc studies of distribution ments in seven Chinese coals Lu, X. et al., Fuel, Sep. 1995, 74, (9), 1382-1386.
of trace ele-
Factor analysis and cluster analysis were applied to the distribution characteristics of ten trace elements in seven Chinese coals. The factor analysis showed that a three-factor model interprets reasonably the correlations of these trace elements. The results of Q- and R-cluster analysis showed that the seven samples and ten trace elements clustered reasonably into different groups. The results can be interpreted by reference to the geochemical properties of these elements. 95to55a3
Comparative analysis of extractable8 and steam products from hlgh-volatile bituminous coal Razvigorova, M. et al,, Fuel, Sep. 1995, 74, (9), 1333-1342.
95/055ee Heat capacity of Shubarkol coal In. the range 323440 K Ordabaeva, A. T. et al., Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1995, (l), 44-46. (In Russian) Presents a calorimetric study of heat capacity of Shubarkol coal. 95/05589 Hi h chromium contents in tertiary coal de osits of northwestern a aehington - A key to their deposltiona P hlstory
Brownfield, M. E. et al., Inr. J. Coal Geol., 1995, 27, (2), 153-169. Chromium contents obtained from 20 coal and 5 associated rock samples collected from the basal Dart of the Eocene Chuckanut Formation. in Skaeit and Whatcom counties,‘northwest Washington, were 30-300 ppm (me& 120 ppm whole-coal basis). Although associated primarily with the inorganic-fraction of the coai, concentrations of chiomium-in the samples showed no statistically significant correlation with ash content. Scattered bodies of source rock, random distribution of chromium-bearing minerals within the coal, and sample heterogeneity account for the variation in Cr contents of the samples.
pyrolyel8
Samples of high-volatile bituminous coal were Soxhlet extracted and thermally treated in the resence of water vapour in two steps - up to 3OO’C and from 300 to 50ocp C. The extractables and the two oils were investigated by several chemical methods. n-Alkanes isoprenoids, pentacyclic triterpenoids and n-alkenes were identified in the saturated fractions. Some sesquiterpenoid and diterpenoid biomarkers were found in the aromatic fractions from the extractables and the 300°C oil. No polycondensed aromatic hydrocarbons were present in any of the fractions dxamined. Large quantities of aliphatic structures were found in both the molecular and macromolecular parts of the coal organic matter. The components of the 300°C fraction are comparable to those obtained by ethanol-benzene extraction.
402
Fuel and Energy Abstract8
November
1995
96/05690
Inorganic nitrogen In Australian 8emLanthracltes; Implications for determining organic nitrogen functionality In bituminous coal8 by X-ray photoelectron 8pectrorcopy
Buckley, A. N. et al., Fuel Process. Technol., 1995, 43, (I), 47-60. Inorganic nitrogen in the form of ammonium-bearing clay material has been identified in an Australian (Bowen Basin) semi-anthracite by means of chemical analysis and XPS. Such an occurrence is similar to the previously reported presence of ammonium-bearing illite in anthracite from eastern Pennsylvania, and consistent with the recently presented X-ray diffraction evidence for ammonium-bearing illite in another Bowen Basin coal of similar rank.
Solid fuels (sources, winning, properties) 95105584
Determination of rulfur groups rank coal by atmospheric-pressure t.p.r.
In pyrolysed
low-
Yperrnan, J. et al., Fuel, Sep. 1995, 74, (9), 1261-1266.
Atmospheric-pressure temperature-programmed reduction (t.p.r.) was used to follow in pyrolysed sub-bituminous coal the changes in amount of pyrite and in organic sulphur groups as a function of temperature. At higher pyrolysis temperatures, ovrite and aliohatic and mixed aliohatic-aromatic iilptides disappeared &tematically’ and more complex’ sulphur cornpounds such as aromatic sulphides and simple thiophenic structures were formed.
01 SOLID FUELS Sources, Winning, Properties 95105576 Advance8 In face productlvlty Chadwick, J. Mintig Magazine, Sep. 1995, 173, (3), 138-145. Discusses the developments in longwall and continuous mining.
95/05585
E.p.r. HFS spectral characterlrtlcs ions in Argonne and Aiberia coais
An analysir of the bearing capacit of coal seam 95lQ5577 8,n,“,;;; mining efficiency for the deslgn of mrc Kanized mining
Hong, K. P. er al., Han’guk Chawon Konghak Hoechi 1994, 31, (4), 325-332. (In Korean) Presents field tests of mechanized coal mining method using chock supports in longwall mining face. 95105570 Carbonization behavior of some Turkish Iignites. Effect of mineral matter Sentorun, C. et ai., Erdoei Kohle, Erdgas, Perrochem., 1995, 48, (l),
39-42. Discusses the investigation of carbonization behaviour of original and demineralized lignites from different parts of Turkey by thennogravimetry (TG). Experiements were conducted in N2 at a constant heating rate of 40 K/min. The TG and DTG curves of original and demineralized lignites obtained under identical conditions were compared and discussed. cm,n~c’)t3 Wi),“ili)#
1
r*s.sraarls,b.~
YII~I~~,IIIO,I~P
r‘
“I
rrl.lrr
runllly
alA
-la”
Ias”
1oa11
rrlarr
runllly
..*als t.vm,a
r, “I
vitrinltic composition
Eremin, I. V. and Bronovets, T. M. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1995, (2), 3-11. (In Russian) Coking and lean coking coals of the Neryungrinsk deposits are characterized according to Russian standards and compared with Donets and Kuznetsk coali. Some changes in their classificaiion are recommended.
of Mn’+ impurity
Zhang, Y. P. et al., Fuel, Sep. 1995, 74, (9), 1307-1312. The presence of transition-metal ions influences the chemical behaviour of coal. In particular, these ions lay a significant role in coal oxidation, liquefaction and hydrogenation. %I e combined presence of water and these ions plays an important role in the low-temperature oxidation of coal and spontaneous combustion processes. Manganese is a common transitionmetal impurity in coal. Some of the manganese ions are present in the mineral components calcite or calcium carbonate and the ferrous carbonates siderite-and ferrite; the remainder are probably present in the coal macerals. The paper reports the results of a new, more comprehensive 9.2 and 33.3 GHz continuous-wave e.o.r. study of the allowed and forbidden HFS transitions for Mn*’impurity’ions in the eight Argonne samples and two Alberta h. v. bituminous coal samples.
95105586 The efficiencies of cast blasting In wide pits Martin, R. L. and King, M. G. Coal, Jun. 1995, 100, (6), 33-34. The article discusses how blasting activities in all four its at Thunder . With Basin’s Black Thunder mine (USA) are focused on cast eR.1ctence.s. widths varying from 190 ft to 265 ft and bench heights varying from 90 to 175 ft, casting efficiencies vary with differing geometry. For example, the percent cast to final in the 200-ft pit is on the average higher than the 270ft pit. The powder factors are somewhat higher in the narrower pits, thus increasing the cost of blasting. This leads to a very detailed look at the acutal benefit of cast blasting and the associated costs.
95105560
95105587 Gas outburst tendency of impregnated Impregnated coal during relaxation drilling
Kussian) Presents characteristics of humic acids from lake sapropels. Their content is sapropels of various type lakes depends on flow-through and structure of lake biocenosis during sediment formation. The condensation degree of the humic acids is determined by intensity of oxidation processes in reservoir and age of sediment.
Froehlich, S. Glueckauf-Forschungsh., 1995, 56, (I), 8-12. (In German) n:..,..,-a- ?? La ‘ L-1. ,.F “‘lll,,l~-rnuucsu A-:,,:..,. Z..rl..^_A5ll.J ^^_ ““l”UlJL ,...,L..-. uu,,,rg .I..-..,. ‘ -_l”..“r:,... A.:,, YlJCUJJCJ ,I,= Ian “I ~,~*~.I,“,,u1111ing in intact coal which was observed only in anthracite under high pressure and constant high mechanical stresses in the coal by the DTM Research and Testing company, Germany. Progressively larger drillings are generally regarded as a sign of increasing mechanical stresses in the coal. The type of coal and gas pressure influences the scale of drillings, all other conditions being equal.
Characteristics of humic acids from lake sapropels of various age8 L. P. et al., K&n. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1995, (l), 3-14. (In -Sen’kevich, . .
and non-
95/Q5501
Characteristic8 of the mechanism of stress relief of fossil coal by carbon dioxide Dzhigrin, A. V. et al., K&m. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1995, (2), 18-21. (In
Russian) An IR spectroscopic study of CO adsorption at 28 MPA on coal indicates that adsorbed CO, is fixed to coaI surface in the form of a ‘carbonite’ ion CO,“. This process is activated at the expense of overstrained skeleton bonds during coal macromolecular deformation. 95105582
Chemometrlc studies of distribution ments in seven Chinese coals Lu, X. et al., Fuel, Sep. 1995, 74, (9), 1382-1386.
of trace ele-
Factor analysis and cluster analysis were applied to the distribution characteristics of ten trace elements in seven Chinese coals. The factor analysis showed that a three-factor model interprets reasonably the correlations of these trace elements. The results of Q- and R-cluster analysis showed that the seven samples and ten trace elements clustered reasonably into different groups. The results can be interpreted by reference to the geochemical properties of these elements. 95to55a3
Comparative analysis of extractable8 and steam products from hlgh-volatile bituminous coal Razvigorova, M. et al,, Fuel, Sep. 1995, 74, (9), 1333-1342.
95/055ee Heat capacity of Shubarkol coal In. the range 323440 K Ordabaeva, A. T. et al., Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1995, (l), 44-46. (In Russian) Presents a calorimetric study of heat capacity of Shubarkol coal. 95/05589 Hi h chromium contents in tertiary coal de osits of northwestern a aehington - A key to their deposltiona P hlstory
Brownfield, M. E. et al., Inr. J. Coal Geol., 1995, 27, (2), 153-169. Chromium contents obtained from 20 coal and 5 associated rock samples collected from the basal Dart of the Eocene Chuckanut Formation. in Skaeit and Whatcom counties,‘northwest Washington, were 30-300 ppm (me& 120 ppm whole-coal basis). Although associated primarily with the inorganic-fraction of the coai, concentrations of chiomium-in the samples showed no statistically significant correlation with ash content. Scattered bodies of source rock, random distribution of chromium-bearing minerals within the coal, and sample heterogeneity account for the variation in Cr contents of the samples.
pyrolyel8
Samples of high-volatile bituminous coal were Soxhlet extracted and thermally treated in the resence of water vapour in two steps - up to 3OO’C and from 300 to 50ocp C. The extractables and the two oils were investigated by several chemical methods. n-Alkanes isoprenoids, pentacyclic triterpenoids and n-alkenes were identified in the saturated fractions. Some sesquiterpenoid and diterpenoid biomarkers were found in the aromatic fractions from the extractables and the 300°C oil. No polycondensed aromatic hydrocarbons were present in any of the fractions dxamined. Large quantities of aliphatic structures were found in both the molecular and macromolecular parts of the coal organic matter. The components of the 300°C fraction are comparable to those obtained by ethanol-benzene extraction.
402
Fuel and Energy Abstract8
November
1995
96/05690
Inorganic nitrogen In Australian 8emLanthracltes; Implications for determining organic nitrogen functionality In bituminous coal8 by X-ray photoelectron 8pectrorcopy
Buckley, A. N. et al., Fuel Process. Technol., 1995, 43, (I), 47-60. Inorganic nitrogen in the form of ammonium-bearing clay material has been identified in an Australian (Bowen Basin) semi-anthracite by means of chemical analysis and XPS. Such an occurrence is similar to the previously reported presence of ammonium-bearing illite in anthracite from eastern Pennsylvania, and consistent with the recently presented X-ray diffraction evidence for ammonium-bearing illite in another Bowen Basin coal of similar rank.