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06329 Influence of the fineness of coal and lignite on the flame formation in rotary cement kilns
09 Flnlte-rate chemistry and transient effects In direct 95109320 numerlcal slmulatlonr of turbulent nonpremlxed flames Mahalingam, S. et al., Combusrion & Flame, Aug. 1995, 102, (3), 285-297. Three-dimensional direct numerical simulafions (DNS) of turbulent nonpremixed flames including finite-rate chemistry and heat release effects were performed. Two chemical reaction modils were considered: (1) a single-step global reaction model in which the heat release and activation energy parameters are typical of combustion applications, and (2) a hvostep reaction model to simulate radical production and consumption and to compare against the single-step model. The model problem consists of the interaction between an initially unstrained laminar diffusion flame and a three-dimensional field of homogeneous turbulence. Conditions ranging from fast chemistry to the pure mixing acting limit were studied by varying a global Damkohler number. Flamrlet structure of radlatlng CH,-air flames 95106321 Chan, S. H. et al., Combustion & Flame, Sep. 1995, 102, (4), 438-446. The structure of radiating laminar flamelets of CH,-air diffusion flames is presented. Radiative heat transfer effects are examined by using the optically thin and full radiation models. The predictions are based on the solution- of a one-dimensional set of conservation equations with the mixture fraction, f, as the independent variable for different fixed values of tbe scalar dissipation rate, X. A reduced three-step c emical kinetic mechanism is used for the whole range of f. The results o% the numerical computations yield values of the temperature and main s ties for different y occurs. Both the values of X until extinction of the flamelet eventual p” adiabatic flamelet and nonadiabatic flamelet with radiative heat loss are studied and their respective flamelet structures are presented. Good agreement is obtained with limited experimental data available. Flammablllty llmlt and limit-temperature of counterflow lean methane-air flames :x_:~: H. and Sohrab, S. H. Combustion & Ffume, 9~1. 1995, 102, (l),
Combustion (burners, combustion systems)
Increased CO productlon by fuel leakage In :::::6 Van Der Meu, T. Gus (Nerherlands), Sep. 1995, 115, (9), 40-41. (In Flemish) In domestic gas appliances .fuel is sometimes spilled by local blowoff of flames or since they are not adequately stabilised on the edge of the burner. These side effects may cause. unwanted extra carbon monoxide and methane emissions. With the use of laser technology Gasunie examined two commercial burners. Increased CO production WIISindeed demonstrated. It was found that raised CO formation does not necessarily imply raised CO emissions. 95106329 Influence of the flnenera of coal snd llgnlte on the flame formatlon In rotaw cement kllnr Seidel, G. ZKG Inr., 1995,:48, (l), 18-21. (In German) Discusses the influences of the fineness of tzrindina of medium- and hi& volatiles pulverized coals for cement rota+ kilns.-Describes a method-of evaluating fuels developed with the aid of a mathematical model which is tailored to the particular requirements of the clinker combustion process. 95106330 Integrating low-NO, burners, overflre air, and relectlve noncatalytic reduction on a utlllty coal-flred holler Hunt, T. er (11.: Environ. Prog., 1995, 14,<2), 115-120. Describes an integrated dry NOdSO, emissions control system which combines low-NO, burners, overfire air, selective noncatalytic reduction and dry sorbent injection with humidification to reduce by up to 70% both NO, and SO, emissions from a 100 MW coal-fired utilitv boiler. The oroiect is being carried out at the Public Service Co. of Colorado’s Ara Denver, Colorado as part of the DOE’s clean coal programme.
95106322
95106323 Fluldlzed-bed apparatus for generating steam In coal combustion (Assigned ro) Fosrer Wheeler Energy Corp., JAP. Par.JP.67,34,074, 1995.
Feb.
96106324 Furnace for carbonlzatlon of waste solids, e.g., woods and tires Maezato, T. (Assigned ro) Maezaro Toshio, JAP. Par. JP.O7,?1,255, Jan. 1995.
95106325 High-tern erature sulfur removal under fluldlzed bed combustion cond Ptlons - A chemical Interpretation Makarytchev,S. V. er al., Chem. Eng. Sci., 1995, 50, (9), 1401-1407. Describes theoretical and exoerimental studies carried out on coal sulnhur nditions, removal under chaotically ihanging oxidizing and reducin which occur in the dense zone of bubbling fluidized beds. p xperimental desulphurization trends were analyzed by comparison with multi-species (50 gas-phase, 7 solid-phase species) equilibrium calculations for &al/sTear&orbent/air system. It was shown, ihat under fluctuating reducing/oxidizing conditions, sulphur capture as CaS in locally reducing zones increased the sulphur retention level of the sorbent. As a chemical interpretation, a time history of sorbent particle calcination-sulphation is proposed, which leads to the formation of a particle structure with a sulphided (CaS) core and a sulphated (CaSO,) shell. 95106326 lgnltlon slmulatlon of methane/hydrogen mlxturer In a supersonlc mlxlng layer Ju, Y. and Niioka. T. Combustion & Flame. Seu. 1995. 10:. (41.462-470. Ignition of methaheihydrogen and air streams in’s supe;sonic .m’ixinglayer was investigated numerically with the C-l chemistrv for interests in aerospace application. Attention-was paid to ignition deiay times and ignition processes with the addition of methane to hydrogen and the addition of hydrogen to methane involving elementary reactions. In the first case, results showed that the addition of methane to hydrogen and a reaction competition stage, were identified. 95106327 The lncorporatlon of nitrogen Into Isotropic carbons and Its release durlna temDerature-DroPrammed combuatlon ‘\ Zhu, Q. er al., CarboQ 1995, 33, (l), 35-46. The environmental impact of coal utilization is a major problem for a variety of reasons, for example, acid rain, emission of ‘greenhouse’ gases, etc. Coal combustion is a major contributor to acid rain due to the emissions of NO, and SO,. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of active sites and the effect of nitrogen functlonalities on nitric oxide release during combustion, using isothermal and temperature-programmed combustion of model carbons.
95106331 lnvlacld Isothermal rwlrllng flow In the expandlng quarl of Industrial burners Yeh, H. M. and Yang, S. C. Energy, Sep. 1995, 20, (9), 889-895. Equations for predictions of stream functions and velocity profiles in isothermal, inviscid swirling flow through .the expanding quarl of industrial burners with a bluff body have been derived with the aid of a correlation equation obtained from experimental data. The loci of zero axial velocit obtained from this correlatron are somewhat different from those observe d, whereas the stream lines have reasonable profiles. Although results derived for inviscid flow cannot be used lo predict the flowfield precisely, the correlation may be helpful in describing the general behaviour of swirling flow. 95106332 Ironmaklng. 10. Prolongatlqn of the Ilfe of blast furnaces and coke ovens Akimoto, E. and Tanino, M. Tersu to Hagane, 1995, 81, (4), 279-282. (In Japanese) Discusses refractories, cooling apparatus, iron skins, and furnace repair techniques in relation to prolonging the life of blast furnaces as well as the diagnosis and repair techniques in prolonging the life of coke ovens. 95106333 lronmakln . 6. Control of burden dlatrlbutlon and realization of oreclae bBast-furnace ooeratlon Inada, T. Ters; to Hugane, 1995, 81, (4), 268-271. (In Japanese) Describes the bell-less burden distribution technique, central loading technique of coke, and distribution control. 95106334 Ironmaklng. 7. Development of pulverlzed coal InjectIon (PCI) technology Inaba, S. ?ers; to HaganeT-1995, 81, (4), 271-273. (In Japanese) Discusses the amount of pulverized coal injection, fine-grained coal injection, and future research problems. 95106335 Klnetlc parameters of composite propellanta from . . thermogravlmetrlc data Rao, V. K. er al., Combustion & Flame, Jul. 1995, 102, (l), 219-225. The paper presents a method of estimating all three global kinetic parameters A, E, and n from the results of a single dynamic (nonisothermal) TG run on a propellant sample. The procedure will also show how satisfactorily pyrolysis of the propellant can be represented by the simple relation of Eq. 4 with constant values of A, E, and n. 95106336 Low-temperature combustion: Automatic generatlon of primary oxldatlon reactlona and lumplna procedurea Ranzi, E. et al., Combusrion & Flame, Jul. 1995,.102, (l), 179-192. The aim of this paper is to present some general rules for the automatic generation of primary oxidation reactions of large hydrocarbon fuels. The proposed approach is applied to n-paraffins for reason of simplicity. Neverthless, the final goal is to feed the tested rules and kinetic parameters into a more general and effective expert system for the generation of primary
mechanisms of real mixtures containing heavier branched hydrocarbons.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1996 447
Combustion (burners, combustion systems)
Increased CO productlon by fuel leakage In :::::6 Van Der Meu, T. Gus (Nerherlands), Sep. 1995, 115, (9), 40-41. (In Flemish) In domestic gas appliances .fuel is sometimes spilled by local blowoff of flames or since they are not adequately stabilised on the edge of the burner. These side effects may cause. unwanted extra carbon monoxide and methane emissions. With the use of laser technology Gasunie examined two commercial burners. Increased CO production WIISindeed demonstrated. It was found that raised CO formation does not necessarily imply raised CO emissions. 95106329 Influence of the flnenera of coal snd llgnlte on the flame formatlon In rotaw cement kllnr Seidel, G. ZKG Inr., 1995,:48, (l), 18-21. (In German) Discusses the influences of the fineness of tzrindina of medium- and hi& volatiles pulverized coals for cement rota+ kilns.-Describes a method-of evaluating fuels developed with the aid of a mathematical model which is tailored to the particular requirements of the clinker combustion process. 95106330 Integrating low-NO, burners, overflre air, and relectlve noncatalytic reduction on a utlllty coal-flred holler Hunt, T. er (11.: Environ. Prog., 1995, 14,<2), 115-120. Describes an integrated dry NOdSO, emissions control system which combines low-NO, burners, overfire air, selective noncatalytic reduction and dry sorbent injection with humidification to reduce by up to 70% both NO, and SO, emissions from a 100 MW coal-fired utilitv boiler. The oroiect is being carried out at the Public Service Co. of Colorado’s Ara Denver, Colorado as part of the DOE’s clean coal programme.
95106322
95106323 Fluldlzed-bed apparatus for generating steam In coal combustion (Assigned ro) Fosrer Wheeler Energy Corp., JAP. Par.JP.67,34,074, 1995.
Feb.
96106324 Furnace for carbonlzatlon of waste solids, e.g., woods and tires Maezato, T. (Assigned ro) Maezaro Toshio, JAP. Par. JP.O7,?1,255, Jan. 1995.
95106325 High-tern erature sulfur removal under fluldlzed bed combustion cond Ptlons - A chemical Interpretation Makarytchev,S. V. er al., Chem. Eng. Sci., 1995, 50, (9), 1401-1407. Describes theoretical and exoerimental studies carried out on coal sulnhur nditions, removal under chaotically ihanging oxidizing and reducin which occur in the dense zone of bubbling fluidized beds. p xperimental desulphurization trends were analyzed by comparison with multi-species (50 gas-phase, 7 solid-phase species) equilibrium calculations for &al/sTear&orbent/air system. It was shown, ihat under fluctuating reducing/oxidizing conditions, sulphur capture as CaS in locally reducing zones increased the sulphur retention level of the sorbent. As a chemical interpretation, a time history of sorbent particle calcination-sulphation is proposed, which leads to the formation of a particle structure with a sulphided (CaS) core and a sulphated (CaSO,) shell. 95106326 lgnltlon slmulatlon of methane/hydrogen mlxturer In a supersonlc mlxlng layer Ju, Y. and Niioka. T. Combustion & Flame. Seu. 1995. 10:. (41.462-470. Ignition of methaheihydrogen and air streams in’s supe;sonic .m’ixinglayer was investigated numerically with the C-l chemistrv for interests in aerospace application. Attention-was paid to ignition deiay times and ignition processes with the addition of methane to hydrogen and the addition of hydrogen to methane involving elementary reactions. In the first case, results showed that the addition of methane to hydrogen and a reaction competition stage, were identified. 95106327 The lncorporatlon of nitrogen Into Isotropic carbons and Its release durlna temDerature-DroPrammed combuatlon ‘\ Zhu, Q. er al., CarboQ 1995, 33, (l), 35-46. The environmental impact of coal utilization is a major problem for a variety of reasons, for example, acid rain, emission of ‘greenhouse’ gases, etc. Coal combustion is a major contributor to acid rain due to the emissions of NO, and SO,. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of active sites and the effect of nitrogen functlonalities on nitric oxide release during combustion, using isothermal and temperature-programmed combustion of model carbons.
95106331 lnvlacld Isothermal rwlrllng flow In the expandlng quarl of Industrial burners Yeh, H. M. and Yang, S. C. Energy, Sep. 1995, 20, (9), 889-895. Equations for predictions of stream functions and velocity profiles in isothermal, inviscid swirling flow through .the expanding quarl of industrial burners with a bluff body have been derived with the aid of a correlation equation obtained from experimental data. The loci of zero axial velocit obtained from this correlatron are somewhat different from those observe d, whereas the stream lines have reasonable profiles. Although results derived for inviscid flow cannot be used lo predict the flowfield precisely, the correlation may be helpful in describing the general behaviour of swirling flow. 95106332 Ironmaklng. 10. Prolongatlqn of the Ilfe of blast furnaces and coke ovens Akimoto, E. and Tanino, M. Tersu to Hagane, 1995, 81, (4), 279-282. (In Japanese) Discusses refractories, cooling apparatus, iron skins, and furnace repair techniques in relation to prolonging the life of blast furnaces as well as the diagnosis and repair techniques in prolonging the life of coke ovens. 95106333 lronmakln . 6. Control of burden dlatrlbutlon and realization of oreclae bBast-furnace ooeratlon Inada, T. Ters; to Hugane, 1995, 81, (4), 268-271. (In Japanese) Describes the bell-less burden distribution technique, central loading technique of coke, and distribution control. 95106334 Ironmaklng. 7. Development of pulverlzed coal InjectIon (PCI) technology Inaba, S. ?ers; to HaganeT-1995, 81, (4), 271-273. (In Japanese) Discusses the amount of pulverized coal injection, fine-grained coal injection, and future research problems. 95106335 Klnetlc parameters of composite propellanta from . . thermogravlmetrlc data Rao, V. K. er al., Combustion & Flame, Jul. 1995, 102, (l), 219-225. The paper presents a method of estimating all three global kinetic parameters A, E, and n from the results of a single dynamic (nonisothermal) TG run on a propellant sample. The procedure will also show how satisfactorily pyrolysis of the propellant can be represented by the simple relation of Eq. 4 with constant values of A, E, and n. 95106336 Low-temperature combustion: Automatic generatlon of primary oxldatlon reactlona and lumplna procedurea Ranzi, E. et al., Combusrion & Flame, Jul. 1995,.102, (l), 179-192. The aim of this paper is to present some general rules for the automatic generation of primary oxidation reactions of large hydrocarbon fuels. The proposed approach is applied to n-paraffins for reason of simplicity. Neverthless, the final goal is to feed the tested rules and kinetic parameters into a more general and effective expert system for the generation of primary
mechanisms of real mixtures containing heavier branched hydrocarbons.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1996 447