- Email: [email protected]
Tire coliquefaction using an iron sulfide catalyst impregnated in situ in the coal
07 The wind of change blows through energy 96100627 Fenwick, K. Resource, Jul.-Aug. i995, 3, (S), 27-36. -_ Discusses how the UK has been directed towards grid-connected wind farms, operating in remote areas through the Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation and the Scottish Renewable Obligation. The author argues that there is an increasingly strong feeling that smaller wind farms, operating on or near the sites they supply, should become viable.
Others, Including
Development,
Economics
Another perspective 96100626 Larson, R. W. and West, R. E. Solar Today, Nov.-Dec. 19959, (6), p. 32. The authors offer an ‘optimistic’ perspective on the costs of rencwables, based in part on information they have gathered in preparing the 1992 ASES economics white paper. 96100629
Barriers to dissemination of renewable energy technologies for cooking Quadir, S. A. et al., Energy Convers. Mgmr., Dec. 1995, 36, (12), 1129-1132. Discusses the preliminary effort to identify the barriers to dissemination of renewable energy technologies in developing countries.
Buildings for a sustainable America: Case studies 96100630 Thayer, B. M. American Solar Energy Society, 2400 Central Ave., Suite G-l, Boulder, Co.80301, USA, $12.00, 1995, 32pp. The book contains a series of articles, which first appeared in SOLAR TODAY, illustates a variety of passive solar energy and energy efficient strategies. Covers small commercial buildings, tract homes, and custom homes as examples of sucessful sustainable buildings throughout the USA. 96lOO631
Coal/Tire coliquefsction using an iron sulfide cataivst impregnated In situ in the coal
Liu, Z. ‘et A.., Energy Fuels, 1995, 9, (4), 673-679. Describes the liquefaction of coal with discarded tyre rubber. The emphasis is put on advantages of impregnation of coal with iron sulphide catalyst and commercial aspects of the progress.
Energy appllcatlons In Botswana 96100632 Oladiran, M. T. Energy Convers. Mgmt., Mar. 1995, 36, (3). 191-195. Botswana depends heavily on imported petroleum products for all premium applications. However, there is an abundant reserve of coal and other alternative sources of energy. The paper presents the energy trends and the various options for harnessing the resources. The importance of energy conservation is also discussed.
Alternative energy sources (others, including development, economics) 96100636
Liquefaction of ceiiuloelc waete. V. Water formation and eveiuation of pyrolytic char ae a byproduct of pyrolysis reaction
Gharieb, H. K. et al., Fuel Sci. Technol. Int., 1995, 13, (7), 895909. Liquid hydrocarbon oil and water have been produced from the liquefaction of cellulosic matter present in municipal solid wastes. Gases and residual char have also been produced as byproducts resulting from the pyrolysis reaction of cellulose. Quantities of water and pyrolytic char were estimated at different conditions of the orocess. From the results obtained. it was suggested that the formation of *water seems to be sensitive to the operational conditions which enhance a water-gas shift reaction (in which water molecules are consumed to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen). Decreasing the undesired chary byproduct could be achieved by increasing the concentration of boric acid that catalyzes the liquefaction reaction. 96100637
Liquefaction of hazelnut seed coat by supercrlticai gse extraction
Kucuk, M. M. Energy Convers. Mgmt., Feb. 1995, 36, (2), 145-148. Supercritical fluid extracts of hazelnut seed coat were obtained using solvents (methanol? ethanol and acetone) and methanol and ethanol containing sodium hydroxide (10%) catalyst. The yields of supercritical methanol, ethanol and acetone extractions were 41.9,52.3 and 60.9%, respectively, at 563 K. The yield of supercritical acetone extraction has been increased from 44.0 to 60.9% as the temperature increased from 523 to 563 K. The yield of supercritical methanol extraction has been increased from 41.9 to 60.0% in the catalytic run. 96100636
Modeiilng of the energy distribution within e gridconnected wind-solar-CHP- battery system
Child, D. and Smith, I. R. In?. J. Amb. Energy, Jul. 1995, 16, (3), 147-154. Reports that the recent modelling work of the energy distribution throughout a local small-scale combined energy generation system has been based on the Dutch SOMES code. Loughborough University is currently revising the system to reflect more closely the operating conditions of the combined energy generation system and to facilitate overall control optimisation. Presents the operational characteristics of the combined energy generation system and discusses progress with the system modelling. 96100639
The NASA LeRC regenerative fuel ceil system testbed program for government and commercial applications
Maloney,-T. M. er al., AIP Conf Proc., 1995, (325), 221-225. The Electrochemical Technology Branch of the NASA Lewis Research Center (LcRC) has initiated a programme to develop a renewable energy system testbed to evaluate, characterize, and demonstrate fully integrated regenerative fuel cell systems -for space, military, and commercial applications 96100640
Photovoitaic, wlnd and diesel. A cost comparative study of water pumping optlono In Jordan
Thyagarajan, K. er al., Applied Energy, 199.5, 52, (2), 255-263. The paper presents the design of control strategies, their effectiveness and energy enhancement potential for solar/wind/diesel integrated energy systems, solar thermal-biomass air heaters and solar thermal heat-pump hybrid water heaters. Use of control systems for optimising the usage of renewable energy sources with conventional energy systems is discussed.
Hammad, M. Energy Policy, Aug. 1995, 23, (8), 723-726. In the present study, the economics of water pumping by different methods are discussed. The methods investigated are the diesel generation system, the uhotovoltaic eeneration svstem (PVGSI. the mechanical wind oumoine systkm and the electrical wind pumping system. The results from’the kites studied revealed lower costs for both the photovoltaic and mechanical wind pumping systems than diesel generation, while higher costs are noted for the electrical wind pumping system. The results of this stud also showed that at low capacities it is more economical to use PV 8 S than other methods.
96100634
96100641
96100633
Enhancing energy generation by use of efficient control for hybrid energy systems
Federal tax incentives and dislncentlves for the adoption of wood-fuel electric-generating technologies
Hill, L. J. and Hadley, S. W. Bioresource Technology, 1995, 53, (2), 173-178. The authors estimate the effects of current federal tax policy on the financial criteria that investor-owned electric utilities (IOUs) and non-utility electricity generators (NUGs) use to evaluate wood-fuel eiectric-generating technologies, distinguishing between dedicated-plantation and wood-waste fuels. The results indicate that the US federal tax laws have significantly different effects on the evaluation criteria, depending on the plant’s ownership (IOU vs NUG) and type of fuel (dedicated-plantation vs wood-waste).
Prellmlnary investigations of combustion of puiverized coconut shell-based fuel slurries in an oil-fired foundry furnace
is photovoitaic hydrogen in Italy competltlve with 96100635 trsdltlonai fossil fuels? Cuoco,A. et al., Energy, Dec. 1995, 20, (12), 1303-1309.
Shankapal, S. R. and Sriramulu, V. Int. .I. Energy Rex, Nov. 1995, 19, (8). 687-691. The paper reports the development effort of using coconut shell-based fuel slurrtes in an oil-fired foundary furnace. Solid fuel fines were dispersed in a liquid medium and the resultant fuel slurry was burnt like a liquid fuel. Light diesel oil, furnace oil and water served as the liquid media. The solid fuels burnt were pulverized coal and pulverized coconut shell. The solid fuel was directly mixed with the liquid medium and was burnt in an oilfired foundry furnace. No chemicals were used for the stabilization of slurries. Pulverized coal was found to settle down and was often blocking the fuel atomizer. But no such problems were encountered when pulverized coconut shell-light diesel oil and pulverized coconut shell-water slurries were burnt.
The authors have performed an evaluation of the end-use price of photovoltaically produced hydrogen. The evaluation is optimistic as current estimates of photovoltaic energy costs by other authors generally correspond to higher figures, and evaluations of process and transportation costs have usuallv, taken into account onlv the main comoonents. Hvdroeen I , is considered to be tax-free. A more realiitic evaluation should be based-on a fractional tax reduction over the short term, followed by full taxation in later years. Under these conditions, photovoltaic hydrogen as a fuel has proved to be non-competitive except in the transport sector.
Solid fuel and Its combustion 96100642 Benson, P. H. and Wickersham, W. S. US Pat. US.5,429,645, Jul. 1995. The fuel contains a recvcled residue from anaerobic fermentation or anaerobic digestion of an organic material, and can also contain a voltatile solid fossil fuel. The residue is preferably derived for an anaerobic digestion process of municipal solid waste, raw sewage sludge, biomass feedstock, industrial waste, and/or agricultural waste.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1996
39
Others, Including
Development,
Economics
Another perspective 96100626 Larson, R. W. and West, R. E. Solar Today, Nov.-Dec. 19959, (6), p. 32. The authors offer an ‘optimistic’ perspective on the costs of rencwables, based in part on information they have gathered in preparing the 1992 ASES economics white paper. 96100629
Barriers to dissemination of renewable energy technologies for cooking Quadir, S. A. et al., Energy Convers. Mgmr., Dec. 1995, 36, (12), 1129-1132. Discusses the preliminary effort to identify the barriers to dissemination of renewable energy technologies in developing countries.
Buildings for a sustainable America: Case studies 96100630 Thayer, B. M. American Solar Energy Society, 2400 Central Ave., Suite G-l, Boulder, Co.80301, USA, $12.00, 1995, 32pp. The book contains a series of articles, which first appeared in SOLAR TODAY, illustates a variety of passive solar energy and energy efficient strategies. Covers small commercial buildings, tract homes, and custom homes as examples of sucessful sustainable buildings throughout the USA. 96lOO631
Coal/Tire coliquefsction using an iron sulfide cataivst impregnated In situ in the coal
Liu, Z. ‘et A.., Energy Fuels, 1995, 9, (4), 673-679. Describes the liquefaction of coal with discarded tyre rubber. The emphasis is put on advantages of impregnation of coal with iron sulphide catalyst and commercial aspects of the progress.
Energy appllcatlons In Botswana 96100632 Oladiran, M. T. Energy Convers. Mgmt., Mar. 1995, 36, (3). 191-195. Botswana depends heavily on imported petroleum products for all premium applications. However, there is an abundant reserve of coal and other alternative sources of energy. The paper presents the energy trends and the various options for harnessing the resources. The importance of energy conservation is also discussed.
Alternative energy sources (others, including development, economics) 96100636
Liquefaction of ceiiuloelc waete. V. Water formation and eveiuation of pyrolytic char ae a byproduct of pyrolysis reaction
Gharieb, H. K. et al., Fuel Sci. Technol. Int., 1995, 13, (7), 895909. Liquid hydrocarbon oil and water have been produced from the liquefaction of cellulosic matter present in municipal solid wastes. Gases and residual char have also been produced as byproducts resulting from the pyrolysis reaction of cellulose. Quantities of water and pyrolytic char were estimated at different conditions of the orocess. From the results obtained. it was suggested that the formation of *water seems to be sensitive to the operational conditions which enhance a water-gas shift reaction (in which water molecules are consumed to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen). Decreasing the undesired chary byproduct could be achieved by increasing the concentration of boric acid that catalyzes the liquefaction reaction. 96100637
Liquefaction of hazelnut seed coat by supercrlticai gse extraction
Kucuk, M. M. Energy Convers. Mgmt., Feb. 1995, 36, (2), 145-148. Supercritical fluid extracts of hazelnut seed coat were obtained using solvents (methanol? ethanol and acetone) and methanol and ethanol containing sodium hydroxide (10%) catalyst. The yields of supercritical methanol, ethanol and acetone extractions were 41.9,52.3 and 60.9%, respectively, at 563 K. The yield of supercritical acetone extraction has been increased from 44.0 to 60.9% as the temperature increased from 523 to 563 K. The yield of supercritical methanol extraction has been increased from 41.9 to 60.0% in the catalytic run. 96100636
Modeiilng of the energy distribution within e gridconnected wind-solar-CHP- battery system
Child, D. and Smith, I. R. In?. J. Amb. Energy, Jul. 1995, 16, (3), 147-154. Reports that the recent modelling work of the energy distribution throughout a local small-scale combined energy generation system has been based on the Dutch SOMES code. Loughborough University is currently revising the system to reflect more closely the operating conditions of the combined energy generation system and to facilitate overall control optimisation. Presents the operational characteristics of the combined energy generation system and discusses progress with the system modelling. 96100639
The NASA LeRC regenerative fuel ceil system testbed program for government and commercial applications
Maloney,-T. M. er al., AIP Conf Proc., 1995, (325), 221-225. The Electrochemical Technology Branch of the NASA Lewis Research Center (LcRC) has initiated a programme to develop a renewable energy system testbed to evaluate, characterize, and demonstrate fully integrated regenerative fuel cell systems -for space, military, and commercial applications 96100640
Photovoitaic, wlnd and diesel. A cost comparative study of water pumping optlono In Jordan
Thyagarajan, K. er al., Applied Energy, 199.5, 52, (2), 255-263. The paper presents the design of control strategies, their effectiveness and energy enhancement potential for solar/wind/diesel integrated energy systems, solar thermal-biomass air heaters and solar thermal heat-pump hybrid water heaters. Use of control systems for optimising the usage of renewable energy sources with conventional energy systems is discussed.
Hammad, M. Energy Policy, Aug. 1995, 23, (8), 723-726. In the present study, the economics of water pumping by different methods are discussed. The methods investigated are the diesel generation system, the uhotovoltaic eeneration svstem (PVGSI. the mechanical wind oumoine systkm and the electrical wind pumping system. The results from’the kites studied revealed lower costs for both the photovoltaic and mechanical wind pumping systems than diesel generation, while higher costs are noted for the electrical wind pumping system. The results of this stud also showed that at low capacities it is more economical to use PV 8 S than other methods.
96100634
96100641
96100633
Enhancing energy generation by use of efficient control for hybrid energy systems
Federal tax incentives and dislncentlves for the adoption of wood-fuel electric-generating technologies
Hill, L. J. and Hadley, S. W. Bioresource Technology, 1995, 53, (2), 173-178. The authors estimate the effects of current federal tax policy on the financial criteria that investor-owned electric utilities (IOUs) and non-utility electricity generators (NUGs) use to evaluate wood-fuel eiectric-generating technologies, distinguishing between dedicated-plantation and wood-waste fuels. The results indicate that the US federal tax laws have significantly different effects on the evaluation criteria, depending on the plant’s ownership (IOU vs NUG) and type of fuel (dedicated-plantation vs wood-waste).
Prellmlnary investigations of combustion of puiverized coconut shell-based fuel slurries in an oil-fired foundry furnace
is photovoitaic hydrogen in Italy competltlve with 96100635 trsdltlonai fossil fuels? Cuoco,A. et al., Energy, Dec. 1995, 20, (12), 1303-1309.
Shankapal, S. R. and Sriramulu, V. Int. .I. Energy Rex, Nov. 1995, 19, (8). 687-691. The paper reports the development effort of using coconut shell-based fuel slurrtes in an oil-fired foundary furnace. Solid fuel fines were dispersed in a liquid medium and the resultant fuel slurry was burnt like a liquid fuel. Light diesel oil, furnace oil and water served as the liquid media. The solid fuels burnt were pulverized coal and pulverized coconut shell. The solid fuel was directly mixed with the liquid medium and was burnt in an oilfired foundry furnace. No chemicals were used for the stabilization of slurries. Pulverized coal was found to settle down and was often blocking the fuel atomizer. But no such problems were encountered when pulverized coconut shell-light diesel oil and pulverized coconut shell-water slurries were burnt.
The authors have performed an evaluation of the end-use price of photovoltaically produced hydrogen. The evaluation is optimistic as current estimates of photovoltaic energy costs by other authors generally correspond to higher figures, and evaluations of process and transportation costs have usuallv, taken into account onlv the main comoonents. Hvdroeen I , is considered to be tax-free. A more realiitic evaluation should be based-on a fractional tax reduction over the short term, followed by full taxation in later years. Under these conditions, photovoltaic hydrogen as a fuel has proved to be non-competitive except in the transport sector.
Solid fuel and Its combustion 96100642 Benson, P. H. and Wickersham, W. S. US Pat. US.5,429,645, Jul. 1995. The fuel contains a recvcled residue from anaerobic fermentation or anaerobic digestion of an organic material, and can also contain a voltatile solid fossil fuel. The residue is preferably derived for an anaerobic digestion process of municipal solid waste, raw sewage sludge, biomass feedstock, industrial waste, and/or agricultural waste.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1996
39