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00219 Iron sulfide catalysts for coal liquefaction prepared using a micellar technique
02
liquid
fuels (derived liquid fuels)
(selectivity times conversion) obtained was 3.8% at 55 MPa and 800 K. Methanol selectivity increased with increasing pressure and decreased with incresing temperature, residence time and 02 concentration. The combined selectivity to partial oxidation products (CO, CH20H, CHZO) was almost constant at 86%.
Improvement of coal liquefaction solvent. Applica97/00214 tion of heavy fraction as recycling solvent to produce light oil Okuyama, N. er al., Sekitan Kagaktc Kaigi Happyo Ronhrrn.shu. 1995, 32. 21-24. (In Japanese) The paper studies the effect of boiling point range of solvent on light oil fraction yield in coal liquefaction. The use of coal liquefaction bottoms improved the balance between the content of the light fraction in distillate and the amount of the recycle fraction.
Improvement of oil yield and catalyst recovery by 97100215 coal pretreatment and two stage liquefaction using Ni-Mo supported on carbon black Sekitan Kagaktr Kutgi Happyo ffonhunshu, 1995, 32. 11% Hasuo, H. ef al., 116.(In Japanese) Liquefaction of Wyoming subbituminous and Yallourn brown coals using the catalyst with a hollow support was studied, and the data is discussed in this article. Oil yields of 67 and 68 wt% were reported for the liquefaction of Wyoming and Yallourn coal, respectively. Hydrogenation at a lower temperature appears to accelerate the conversion of asphaltenes to oil in the successive stage at higher temperature.
Investigations on the processing of oil vacuum 97100216 residue and its mixtures with coal and coal tars. Part 1. Primary conversion of crude materials Tokarska, A., Fuel, 1996. 75, (9), 1094-I 100. This paper examines the investigations into the possibility of extending the basis for crude materials for liquid fuels to petroleum vacuum residues. Mixtures of the residues with coal and coal tars were also tested. The raw materials were processed by rapid pyrolysis or delayed coking to obtain liquids originating from coal and petroleum. Physical, chemistry and structural analyses of these liquids were undertaken. The resulting materials have been upgraded by hydrogenation to components of engine fuels. as reported in Part 2.
Investigation of zinc additives in coliquefaction 97lOO217 waste lubricating oil and a bituminous coal
of
Kinetic models of hydrogenation 97100221 ment of coal
and thermal
treat-
Gyul’maliev, A. M. et al., K&m. T~%?rd.Top/. (Moscow). 1996, (2), 73-79. (In Russian) Describes the development and comparison of general kinetic models of coal hydroliquefaction and coking with known models. An autonomic program package for use of these models was developed.
Liquefaction 97100222 ties of products
activities
of iron catalysts
and proper-
Sate, K. et al., Sekitnn Kagaku Kaigi Happyo Rcmhwrshu. 1995, 32. 77-M. (In Japanese) This paper discusses the effects of catalyst type on products yield and coal properties. (Several types of iron compound are used with sulfur as disposable catalysts in the coal liquefaction process). It was found that an iron oxyhydroxide was superior for increasing the distillate yield and the extent of hydrogenation of aromatic rings.
Liquefaction 97100223 iron based catalyst
of Taiheiyo
coal impregnated
with an
Kotanigawa, T. et al., Sekrtan Kuguku Kaigi Happvo Ronhunshu, 1994, 31. 265-268. (In Japanese) Presents the results of an experiment in which coal liquefaction over a sulfate-promoted iron oxide catalyst obtained by impregnation was significantly higher than that obtained with conventional mixing. Addition of sulfur did not influence the reaction in terms of coal conversion. It suggests that the active state of the catalyst differs from the pyritic catalyst.
Liquefaction of Victorian brown coal. (13). Influ97100224 ence of the thermal treatment in solvent to the liquefaction yields Okuyama, N. et a/., Sekitcrrt Kagcrku Kuigi Hoppyo Ro~thttmhu, 1994. 31. 123-126. (In Japanese) In this papr the thermal treatment that decomposes carhoxylic groups of brown coal in the process solvent is concluded to hc effective to suppress the formation of carbonate scale in the latter liquefaction section. The process reliability is expected to be further improved with the pretreatment. The influence of pretreatment temperature and solvent species to liquefaction yield is also discussed.
97100225 Liquefaction of Victorian brown coal. (15). Effect of hydrothermal treatment of Victorian brown coal
Huggins, F. E.. J Environ. Sci. Health. Part A: Environ. Sci. Eng. TOXIC Hazard. Suhst. Control. 1996, A31, (7), 1755-1766. This article presents the results of an investigation into the behavior and fate of a zinc additive to lubricating oil in the coprocessing of waste lubricating oil and a bituminous coal. The investigation was carried out by means of X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. The article suggests that similar behaviour may be shown by most other environmentally important elements.
Komeizi, A. et al., Sekitarl Kagaku Kaigi Happyo Rorthtrrdtu, 1994, 3 I. 131-134. (In Japanese) This article discusses an experiemnt in which hydrothermal treatment was applied to VictorIan brown coal as a pretreatment for liquefaction tu remove metal carboxylates in the coal. The presence of metal carboxylatea can result in scale deposits during liquefaction. The high-temperature treatment resulted in a decreased reactivity during liquefaction. The article concludes that it was preferable that hydrothermal treatment be carried out at -300” to maintain coal reactivity.
Iron sulfate/sulfur-catalyzed 97100216 syngas-water as a hydrogen source
97100226 Liquefaction of Victorian faction activities of iron catalysts
coal liquefaction
using
brown
coal.
(16). Lique-
Hata, H-a. et al., Sekitart Kagaku Kuigi Happ)o Ror~hunshrr, 1945. 32, 5356. (In Japanese) The results in this paper show that iron sulfate/sulfur was an excellent precursor for coal liquefaction catalyst. Wandoan coal gave 46.2% oil at 90.1% conversion in a two-step liquefaction in combination with the pretreatment at lower temperature.
Sate, K. et ul.. Sekitan Kagaku Koigi Happy0 Ronhwtshtr, 1994, 3 I, X0272. (In Japanese) Several types of iron oxide are used with sulfur as dispoaahle catalyst in the primary hydrogenation sectIon of brown coal liquefaction Process. This article discusses the effects of catalyst type and the activities of recovered catalysts on the liquefaction of brown coal.
97/00219 Iron sulfide catalysts using a micellar technique
97100227
for coal liquefaction
prepared
Chadha, A. ef al., Ind. Eng. Chcm. Res., 1996, 35. (9), 29 I h-2919. This study examines synthesized nanometer-size iron sulfide catalysts using a reverse micellar system. These particles are 40-70 nm in size and were used in laboratory-scale coal-liquefaction experiments. The catalyst particles were impregnated in situ on coal particles. The catalyst loading was 1.67% with respect to coal. The liquefaction run was carried out at 4OO’C for 30 min. at a pressure of 1000 psia HZ (g) measured at ambient temperature (corresponding to approximately 2000 psia at reaction conditions), in the absence of any solvent or hydrogen donor. The total conversion, as well as the yields of asphaltene plus preasphaltene and oil plus gas, increased after the run. relative to a thermal (non-catalytic) run. The activity of the micellar catalyst is slightly less than that ot a nonmicellar catalyst. However, a slightly higher selectivity to oil plus gas is observed with the micellar catalyst.
97100220 gas-water
Iron/sulfur-catalyzed as a hydrogen source
coal
liquefaction
using
syn-
Watanabe, Y. e/ al., Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Hnppyo Ronhtot.shrr, 1993, 30, 27-30. (In Japanese) Investigates the activities of iron-sulfur mixtures as catalyst precursors in the liquefaction of various coals using syngas-water. Both synthetic pyrite and Fe(CO)$S precursors were extremely effective. Especially, synthetic pyrite was the best catalyst precursor for Wandoan coal, which achieved a high oil yield (48.7%, at 92.0% conversion) in two-step liquefaction (at 375°C for 60 min. followed by 425°C for 60 min).
16
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 1997
Liquid chromatographic separation of isomeric mono-aromatic ring hydrocarbons in coal-derived oils by carbon packed column
Maeda. M. et al., Sekitnn Kagaku Kaigi Hoppyo Ronbunsht~, 1993, 30, l29132. (In Japanese) In this paper mono-aromatic ring fractions in coal-derived oils were separated into several fractions by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a carbon-packed column (Carhonex. Tonen). All obtained fractions had a wide molecular weight distribution with same molecular weight compounds. This showed that the carbon-packed column separation was attributed to structural differences of isomers for the alkylaromatic hydrocarbons. Using HPLC equipped with carbon-packed columns as a separation method for coal-derived oils would be suitable for an analysis of isomeric aromatic components.
97100228 and water
A low-viscosity
synfuel
composed
of light oil, coal
Fu, X-a, et al., Fuel, NW 1996, 75, (l4), lh29-1632. A new type of synfuel composed of light oil, fine coal powder and water (OCWF) has been demonstrated as a promising clean fuel for replacement of light liquid fuel. This kind of fuel can offer several advantages over existing alternative fuels to oil such as coal-water mixture and coal-oil mixture in many respects, for example safety in transportation, lower ignition point than coal-water mixture, improved combustion efficiency due to microexplosion and water-gas process occurring during combustion, and low viscosity for fuel atomization through a nozzle. Coal powder used in this work was < 20 ,!rn in size. Water- and oil-based OCWF with light oil
liquid
fuels (derived liquid fuels)
(selectivity times conversion) obtained was 3.8% at 55 MPa and 800 K. Methanol selectivity increased with increasing pressure and decreased with incresing temperature, residence time and 02 concentration. The combined selectivity to partial oxidation products (CO, CH20H, CHZO) was almost constant at 86%.
Improvement of coal liquefaction solvent. Applica97/00214 tion of heavy fraction as recycling solvent to produce light oil Okuyama, N. er al., Sekitan Kagaktc Kaigi Happyo Ronhrrn.shu. 1995, 32. 21-24. (In Japanese) The paper studies the effect of boiling point range of solvent on light oil fraction yield in coal liquefaction. The use of coal liquefaction bottoms improved the balance between the content of the light fraction in distillate and the amount of the recycle fraction.
Improvement of oil yield and catalyst recovery by 97100215 coal pretreatment and two stage liquefaction using Ni-Mo supported on carbon black Sekitan Kagaktr Kutgi Happyo ffonhunshu, 1995, 32. 11% Hasuo, H. ef al., 116.(In Japanese) Liquefaction of Wyoming subbituminous and Yallourn brown coals using the catalyst with a hollow support was studied, and the data is discussed in this article. Oil yields of 67 and 68 wt% were reported for the liquefaction of Wyoming and Yallourn coal, respectively. Hydrogenation at a lower temperature appears to accelerate the conversion of asphaltenes to oil in the successive stage at higher temperature.
Investigations on the processing of oil vacuum 97100216 residue and its mixtures with coal and coal tars. Part 1. Primary conversion of crude materials Tokarska, A., Fuel, 1996. 75, (9), 1094-I 100. This paper examines the investigations into the possibility of extending the basis for crude materials for liquid fuels to petroleum vacuum residues. Mixtures of the residues with coal and coal tars were also tested. The raw materials were processed by rapid pyrolysis or delayed coking to obtain liquids originating from coal and petroleum. Physical, chemistry and structural analyses of these liquids were undertaken. The resulting materials have been upgraded by hydrogenation to components of engine fuels. as reported in Part 2.
Investigation of zinc additives in coliquefaction 97lOO217 waste lubricating oil and a bituminous coal
of
Kinetic models of hydrogenation 97100221 ment of coal
and thermal
treat-
Gyul’maliev, A. M. et al., K&m. T~%?rd.Top/. (Moscow). 1996, (2), 73-79. (In Russian) Describes the development and comparison of general kinetic models of coal hydroliquefaction and coking with known models. An autonomic program package for use of these models was developed.
Liquefaction 97100222 ties of products
activities
of iron catalysts
and proper-
Sate, K. et al., Sekitnn Kagaku Kaigi Happyo Rcmhwrshu. 1995, 32. 77-M. (In Japanese) This paper discusses the effects of catalyst type on products yield and coal properties. (Several types of iron compound are used with sulfur as disposable catalysts in the coal liquefaction process). It was found that an iron oxyhydroxide was superior for increasing the distillate yield and the extent of hydrogenation of aromatic rings.
Liquefaction 97100223 iron based catalyst
of Taiheiyo
coal impregnated
with an
Kotanigawa, T. et al., Sekrtan Kuguku Kaigi Happvo Ronhunshu, 1994, 31. 265-268. (In Japanese) Presents the results of an experiment in which coal liquefaction over a sulfate-promoted iron oxide catalyst obtained by impregnation was significantly higher than that obtained with conventional mixing. Addition of sulfur did not influence the reaction in terms of coal conversion. It suggests that the active state of the catalyst differs from the pyritic catalyst.
Liquefaction of Victorian brown coal. (13). Influ97100224 ence of the thermal treatment in solvent to the liquefaction yields Okuyama, N. et a/., Sekitcrrt Kagcrku Kuigi Hoppyo Ro~thttmhu, 1994. 31. 123-126. (In Japanese) In this papr the thermal treatment that decomposes carhoxylic groups of brown coal in the process solvent is concluded to hc effective to suppress the formation of carbonate scale in the latter liquefaction section. The process reliability is expected to be further improved with the pretreatment. The influence of pretreatment temperature and solvent species to liquefaction yield is also discussed.
97100225 Liquefaction of Victorian brown coal. (15). Effect of hydrothermal treatment of Victorian brown coal
Huggins, F. E.. J Environ. Sci. Health. Part A: Environ. Sci. Eng. TOXIC Hazard. Suhst. Control. 1996, A31, (7), 1755-1766. This article presents the results of an investigation into the behavior and fate of a zinc additive to lubricating oil in the coprocessing of waste lubricating oil and a bituminous coal. The investigation was carried out by means of X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. The article suggests that similar behaviour may be shown by most other environmentally important elements.
Komeizi, A. et al., Sekitarl Kagaku Kaigi Happyo Rorthtrrdtu, 1994, 3 I. 131-134. (In Japanese) This article discusses an experiemnt in which hydrothermal treatment was applied to VictorIan brown coal as a pretreatment for liquefaction tu remove metal carboxylates in the coal. The presence of metal carboxylatea can result in scale deposits during liquefaction. The high-temperature treatment resulted in a decreased reactivity during liquefaction. The article concludes that it was preferable that hydrothermal treatment be carried out at -300” to maintain coal reactivity.
Iron sulfate/sulfur-catalyzed 97100216 syngas-water as a hydrogen source
97100226 Liquefaction of Victorian faction activities of iron catalysts
coal liquefaction
using
brown
coal.
(16). Lique-
Hata, H-a. et al., Sekitart Kagaku Kuigi Happ)o Ror~hunshrr, 1945. 32, 5356. (In Japanese) The results in this paper show that iron sulfate/sulfur was an excellent precursor for coal liquefaction catalyst. Wandoan coal gave 46.2% oil at 90.1% conversion in a two-step liquefaction in combination with the pretreatment at lower temperature.
Sate, K. et ul.. Sekitan Kagaku Koigi Happy0 Ronhwtshtr, 1994, 3 I, X0272. (In Japanese) Several types of iron oxide are used with sulfur as dispoaahle catalyst in the primary hydrogenation sectIon of brown coal liquefaction Process. This article discusses the effects of catalyst type and the activities of recovered catalysts on the liquefaction of brown coal.
97/00219 Iron sulfide catalysts using a micellar technique
97100227
for coal liquefaction
prepared
Chadha, A. ef al., Ind. Eng. Chcm. Res., 1996, 35. (9), 29 I h-2919. This study examines synthesized nanometer-size iron sulfide catalysts using a reverse micellar system. These particles are 40-70 nm in size and were used in laboratory-scale coal-liquefaction experiments. The catalyst particles were impregnated in situ on coal particles. The catalyst loading was 1.67% with respect to coal. The liquefaction run was carried out at 4OO’C for 30 min. at a pressure of 1000 psia HZ (g) measured at ambient temperature (corresponding to approximately 2000 psia at reaction conditions), in the absence of any solvent or hydrogen donor. The total conversion, as well as the yields of asphaltene plus preasphaltene and oil plus gas, increased after the run. relative to a thermal (non-catalytic) run. The activity of the micellar catalyst is slightly less than that ot a nonmicellar catalyst. However, a slightly higher selectivity to oil plus gas is observed with the micellar catalyst.
97100220 gas-water
Iron/sulfur-catalyzed as a hydrogen source
coal
liquefaction
using
syn-
Watanabe, Y. e/ al., Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Hnppyo Ronhtot.shrr, 1993, 30, 27-30. (In Japanese) Investigates the activities of iron-sulfur mixtures as catalyst precursors in the liquefaction of various coals using syngas-water. Both synthetic pyrite and Fe(CO)$S precursors were extremely effective. Especially, synthetic pyrite was the best catalyst precursor for Wandoan coal, which achieved a high oil yield (48.7%, at 92.0% conversion) in two-step liquefaction (at 375°C for 60 min. followed by 425°C for 60 min).
16
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 1997
Liquid chromatographic separation of isomeric mono-aromatic ring hydrocarbons in coal-derived oils by carbon packed column
Maeda. M. et al., Sekitnn Kagaku Kaigi Hoppyo Ronbunsht~, 1993, 30, l29132. (In Japanese) In this paper mono-aromatic ring fractions in coal-derived oils were separated into several fractions by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a carbon-packed column (Carhonex. Tonen). All obtained fractions had a wide molecular weight distribution with same molecular weight compounds. This showed that the carbon-packed column separation was attributed to structural differences of isomers for the alkylaromatic hydrocarbons. Using HPLC equipped with carbon-packed columns as a separation method for coal-derived oils would be suitable for an analysis of isomeric aromatic components.
97100228 and water
A low-viscosity
synfuel
composed
of light oil, coal
Fu, X-a, et al., Fuel, NW 1996, 75, (l4), lh29-1632. A new type of synfuel composed of light oil, fine coal powder and water (OCWF) has been demonstrated as a promising clean fuel for replacement of light liquid fuel. This kind of fuel can offer several advantages over existing alternative fuels to oil such as coal-water mixture and coal-oil mixture in many respects, for example safety in transportation, lower ignition point than coal-water mixture, improved combustion efficiency due to microexplosion and water-gas process occurring during combustion, and low viscosity for fuel atomization through a nozzle. Coal powder used in this work was < 20 ,!rn in size. Water- and oil-based OCWF with light oil