01056 Application of infrared spectroscopy to the classification of kerogen types and the thermogravimetrically derived pyrolysis kinetics of oil shales

16 Fuel science and technology (fundamental science, analysis, instrumentation) Toward sustainable product development

96iO1045

Van Weenen, J. C. J. Cleaner Prod., 1995, 3, (I), 95-100. concepts and initiatives which The paper explores some environmental influence the content of the new concept of sustainable product development.

Towards sustainability indicator for production

96101046

systems

Ragas, A. M. er al., J. Cleaner Prod., 1995, 3, (l), 123-129. An important goal of (inter)national environmental policy is to realize a sustainable develooment. However, the implications of sustainability for society are not full) understood. The paper contributes to the interpreiation and elaboration of the concept of sustainability. It outlines a procedure to measure the sustainability of production systems. The method presented in this paper is not an instant recipe to measure sustainability. However, it indicates the social and scientific barriers that are to be overcome in order to understand, elaborate and measure sustainability.

Training for environmental technologies and envlronmental management

96101047

Hale, M. J. Cleaner Prod., 1995, 3, (l), 19-23. During the past five to ten years, increased public and government attention has been drawn to the harmful effects on the environment of business and industry. Consequently, legislation and encouragement in the form of incentives have acted to pressurize industry to review its practices and processes in connection with their effects on the environment. The paper reviews environmental technology and environmental management in relation to sustainable development; describes the basic components of environmental management systems in relation to environmental technology; examines the tools available for monitoring and assessment (e.g. technology assessments, environmental impact analysis, environmental auditing etc.) and their training requirements; access the training requirements of chief executives, management and the workforce. 96101046 Green, B. 45-46. A review 1995. The their own

Under review. Ontario Hydro looks at security J. and Kee, B.

Nuclear Engng. Int., Dec. 1995, 40, (497),

of security at Ontario Hydro Nuclear sites was completed in review process may be useful to utilities who want to review security programme.

Unlted States Postal Services’s environmental 96101049 strategy of leadership and compliance

Bravo, C. J. Cleaner Prod., 1995, 3, (l), 79-82. The United States Postal Service was faced with increased regulatory and organizational pressures caused by increasing environmental requirements and a massive reorganization in 1992. Moreover, states and local governments were grantedauthority to impose fines and penalties on government facilities. The Postal Service responded to these challenges by implementing a new organization with the invironmental function placed in an operations portion of the organization and by placing the environmental responsibility on line management. The paper describes the implementation of a strategy of leadership and compliance which was developed by a cross-function team and endorsed by senior management.

Ways to accelerate lmplementatlon of methane 96/01050 removal from underground workings Nowak, E. Przegl. Corn., 1995, 51, (l), 27-30. (In Polish) Discusses the feasibility of speeding up the process of implementing effective methane drainage of longwall workings, and the methods developed for this purpose are given. Describes the siting and equipment of undernround methane drainaee stations and methane drainane technoloaies for a bngwall retreating syitem with V or Y type ventlation and-also the schemes associated with this for location of drainage boreholes, so as to increase effectiveness of the process.

Wettabllity of porous media after exposure to syn96/01051 thetic gasollnes Powers, S. E. and Tamblin, M. E. J. Contam. Hydrol., 1995, 19, (2), 105-125. Discusses the wettability of a porous medium which plays a critical role in the capillary phenomena governing the migration of a nonaqueous-phase liquid-and subsequent eff&ts to recover thi6 type of pollutan
96iOlO52

A worldwide view of HLW from Las Vegas

Ireland, T. Nuclear Engng. Int., Nov. 1995, 40, (496), 47-48. A report on the 6th HLRWM conference held in Las Vegas earlier this year, which provided a good opportunity to compare the different approaches being taken to radioactive waste storage and disposal around the world.

The zero emlsslon combustion plant. A proposal 96lOlQ53 for detalled conslderatlon Proc. Am. Power Co&. 1995. 57. (11. 280-283. the theory of &o emissi&‘\;;hich is to eliminate nitrogen from the combustion process and greatly minimize NO. emissions. Air separation employed-to enhance the amount of oxygen in the furnace removes most of the nitrogen, and eventually results in a furance with an ambient atmosphere of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Garav. P. N.

Then yapsperdiscusses

16 FUEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Fundamental

Science, Analysis, Instrumentation

‘% NMR, micro-FTIR and fluorescence spectra, and yrolysls-gas chromatograms of coallfled foliage of late cargonlferous medullosan seed ferns, Nova Scotia, Canada: Impllcations for coallflcatlon and chemotaxonomy

96101054

Lyons, P. C. et al., Int. J. Coal Geol., 1995, 27, (2), 227-248. The cuticles and cuticle-free compressions of three carboniferous medullosan seed-fern leaf species were analyzed by elemental ‘“C NMR, microFITR and coal petrography techniques.

Analyzing ash residues 96101055 Grese, R. P. and Edwards, M. D. Environ. Test. Anal., 1995, 4, (l), 36, 18-411. &sciibes the development of a method, slight1 modified from SW-846 Method 8260, to improve the analysis of boiler d y ash for volatile organic compounds in which the quantitation is improved by assigning internal standards on the basis of adsorptivity to the matrix rather than gas chromatography retention time. The method was developed by determining the adsorptive behaviour of specific analytes for a given matrix and then assigning the analytes to internal standards with similar absorptivity. Appllcatlon of Infrared spectroscopy to the classlfl96101056 cation of kerogen types and the thermogravlmetrlcally derived pyrolysis kinetics of oil shales Ballice, L. et al., Fuel, Nov. 1995, 74, (ll), 1618-1623. In this study, the kerogen types of Goynuk, Beypazari oil shale from Turkey and Timahdit oil shale from Morocco were defined by infrared spectroscopy. Aliphatic, carboxyl/carbonyl and aromatic compounds were considered in order to classify the kerogen types. The IR-analysis result shows that the samples can be cIassified in kerogen evaluation path I for Goynuk, Timahdit oil shales and path II for Beyparzari oil shale. The kinetics of thermal decomposition of Goynuk, Beypazari and Timahdit oil shales have been studied by non-isothermal thermogravimetry. The weight loss data have been analyzed by Coats-Redfern and Chen-Nuttall combinations. The kinetic parameters for the decomposition of the samples were determined and discussed.

Characterlzatlon of blnder pitches by proton magnetic resonance thermal analvsls

96101057

Buckley, A. N. et al., Light Met.. (Warrendale, PA), 1995, 567-571. Investigates the H-NMR thermal analysis as a means of characterizing rheology properties of a coal-tar pitch in relation to binder performance. A correlation was observed between intrinsic softenine temoerature. T.. and laboratory past rheology parameters, specifically thi prohuct of ihe’optimum pitch level and the torque associated with mixing the paste at this pitch level.

Characterization of hydropyrolysis chars by TGA, SEM and FT-lr spectroscopy

96101056

Guell, A. V. et al., IChemE Rex Event 1st Eur. Cant Young Res. Chem. Eng., IIISI. Chem. Eng., Rugby, UK, 1995, 1, 210-212. Linby (UK) coal was hydropyrolyzed in a high-pressure wire-mesh reactor under pressures ranging from atmosphere to 150 bar. The chars obtained were characterized by TGA, SEM, and FAIR spectroscopy. Total volatile yields diminished rapidly at l-10 bar and then increased with increasing H, pressure. The downward trend in tar yields was not reversed with increasing H pressure up to 150 bar. Presents the structural characterization of the chars 6 y FTIR from atmospheric to 150 bars.

Characterization of the Goeynuek oil shale-derived 96101059 asphaltenes and pre-asphaltenes by ‘H and ‘% nuclear magnetic resonance and by gas chromatography

Canel, M. et al., Fuel Process Technol., 1995, 43, (2), 111-122. Asphaltenes and preasphaltenes from Goeyneuk (Turkey) oil shale have been studied by gas chromatography and hydrogen and 13C NMR spectroscopy obtained by inverse gated heteronuclear decoupling pulse sequence. The study and quantitative determination of different types of hydrogen and carbon atoms present in the samples have shown that the oil shalederived asphaltenes and preasphaltenes are composed basically of aliphatic hydrocarbons, olefins and a contribution, though less important, of aromatic hydrocarbons.

Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1996 63