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04774 Decarboxylation and coupling reactions of aromatic acids under coal-liquefaction conditions
02
Derived
Liquid Fuels
Aspects of catalyzed coal llquefactlon 96104762 Weller, S. W. Combust. Efic. Air Qual., Plenum, New York, N.Y., USA, 1995, 151-164. Discusses background, catalyst studies, kinetics and mechanism, and environmental aspects of catalyzed coal liquefaction. Batch vs. continuous experlments In coal 96104763 hvdroaenatlon &obecB. 0. Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (2), 1351-1354. Discusses the issue of correlation of results from batch reactors with those of continuous mode of operation.
Catalytic actlvlty of NI-MO sulfide supported on a 96tO4764 particular carbon black of hollow mlcrosphere In the Ilquefactlon of a subbltumlnous coal Sakanishi, K. er al., Energy Fuels, 1996, 10, (l), 216-219. The liquefaction of Wyoming subbituminous coal was investigated with an autoclave of 50 mL capacity, using a carbon black (KB)-suported Ki-Mo catalyst. KB-supported Ni-Mo catalyst gave the oil and oil plus asphaltene yield of 54 and 69% under reaction conditions of 440°C, 60 min, and 13 MPa. These yields were much higher than those of a commercial NiMo/A120, and synthesized FeS, ca&lysts. 96104765 Cataiytlc coal hydrollquefactlon Kanek, T. er al., (Assigned to) Nippon Brown Coal Liquefaction, JAP. Pat. JP.O8,41,463, Feb. 2 996. 96104766 Characterlzatlon of coal hydropyrolysls products Mastral, A. M. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (2), 1443-1446. Describes the hydropyrolysis of a low-rank coal carried but in a fixed-bed reactor with downward flowing H, at 40 kc/cm* H,. 400-600” (final temperature), and 0.5 or 2 L/min &s 6ow for TO and 36 minutes hold time at the final temperature. Semicoke yield decreased from 59% to 47% with increasing process severity, whereas the relative mineral matter content in the semicoke increased from 44 to 64%. 96104767 CharacFprizna&m c~~lsllqu$actlon~~lublllzatlon mechanisms of Isolated mlcroorganlsms Laborda, F. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (2), 1387-1390. The paper describes how fungi and bacteria1 strains were successfully grown on lignite, subbituminous, and bituminous coals, optionally with the addition of culture supplements. The chemical composltlon of a jet fuel sediment 96104766 formed by mlcroblologlcal actlon Pardede, R. and Batts, B. D. Fuel, Jul. 1996, 75, (9), 1132-1138. Aluminium citrate has been identified as the major component of a sediment formed as a result of microbial degradation of a jet fuel at the fuelwater interface. The structure of the sediment was determined using a combination of wet chemistry, elemental analysis, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. The sediment sample was insoluble in organic solvents, but soluble in water and dilute base. The methylated derivatives of the sediment were organic solvent soluble and amenable to study using standard techniques. Citric acid and related carboxylic acid compounds were shown to be the principal organic compounds present. 96104769 characterlzatlon Chromatographlc of preasphaltenes In llquefled products from Vlctorlan brown coal Masuda, K. er a[., Fuel, Jul. 1996, 75, (9), 1065-1070. Gel permeation chromatography was applied to the measurement of molecular weight distribution of the preasphaltenes in liquefied products from Victorian brown coal. When -pola; solvents such’ as N:methyl-2-pyrrolidone were used as elution solvents, two major peaks were separately observed at different retention times, reflecting the polarity of their components. By applying a new calibration method to the polar and non-polar components in the preasphaltenes, using a novolak phenol resin and polystyrenes reseectivelv. the molecular weights of both comoonents were estimated to be distributed around 10’. According to the present evaluation, a high liquefaction temperature was found to be effective in reducing the polar components in ihe preasphaltenes I
,
96104770 Coal converslon with selected model comoounds under noncatalytlc, low solvent:coal ratlo condltlons Tomic, J. and Schobert, H. H. Energy Fuels, 1996, 10, (3), 709-717. The paper investigated the interaction between coal and model compounds at relatively mild conditions to explore effects of coal, solvent, and reaction conditions at low coal conversion. 96104771 Composltlon of the mlneral part of solld resldues from llquefactlon of Kansk-Achlnsk Basin coal Zekel, L. A. et al., Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1995, (5). 78-81. (In Russian) The composition of solid residues from catalytic liquefaction of the coal was studied by using chemical and X-ray analysis.
Liquid fuels (derived liquid fuels)
96104772 Coprocesslng of coal and oil sand bitumen Yoshida, R. et al., Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1995, (12), 1013-1017. (In Japanese) Co-processing of coal (Battle River) and oil sand bitumen (Cold Lake) was carried out over Ni-Mo, CO-MO and red-mud/sulphur catalysts at 40045O”C, 22-23 MPa H, and lo-121 min in a 500 mL shaking-type autoclave. The conversion of the coal was 97.1 wt.% (daf) at 450°C for 121 min with Ni-Mo catalyst, and > 95.7 wt.% (daf) at 450°C for 120 min with redmudisulphur catalyst and anthracene oil. The oil sand bitumen was an excellent solvent for liquefaction of the coal compared with anthracene oil.
96104773 Dammar resin: A chemical model for reactlons of Utah reslnlte Dutta, R. and Schobert, H. H. ACS Symp. Ser., 1995, (617), 263-278. The hydrogenation, dehydrogenation and cracking reactions of resinite found in Utah coal are of importance if a coal liquefaction process is to be fully optimized. Dammar resin is very similar in structural composition to Utah resinite, and was used in this study. A series of reactions of various temperatures and times was undertaken and product distributions were analyzed. The polymeric fraction and dammar was deploymered, and dealkylated to naphthalenes and benzenes.
96104774 Decarboxylatlon and coupling reactlons of aromatlc acids under coal-llquefactlon condltlons Manion, .I. A. et ai., Energy Fuels, 1996, 10, (3), 776-788. The paper discusses the decarboxylation of a series of monomeric benzoic acid systems under liquefaction-relevant.
96/04775 Development of a secondary hydrogenation catalyst for brown coal llquefactlon - Effect of preasphaltene and ash content on catalyst deactlvatlon Kaneko, T. et al., Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1995, 21, (6), 1110-l 119. (In Japanese) The paper discusses the effects of preasphaltene and ash content on catalyst deactivation with a Ca-Ni-Mo/AlzO, developed for secondary hydrogenation in two-stage brown coal liquefaction.
96104776 Effect of coal characterlstlcs and molybdenum sulfide catalyst on converslons and yields of heavy products from llquefactlon In phenanthrene Burgess, C. E. and Schobert, H. H. Energy Fuels, 1996, 10, (3), 718-725. Eight coals, ranging in rank from subbituminous B to high-volatile A bituminous, were reacted in microautoclave reactors in a hydrogen atmosphere and with the nondonor solvent phenanthrene. Reactions were conducted at 360” for 1 hour. Both noncatalytic and catalytic reactions were investigated.
96104777 Effect of heating rate on normal and catalytic flxedbed hydropyrolysls Baoqing, L.‘ hr al, Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (2), 1367-1370. Describes the fixed-bedihvdropvrolvsis tests conducted on a UK bituminous coal (Gedling), the *yodik Aigonne Premium Coal Sample and the high-sulphur Mequinenza lignite at a pressure of 150 bar. The tar yields and overall conversions increased markedly bv ca 5-20% daf coal as the heat rates was decreased from 300 to 5°C min”, both with and without a sulphided molybdenum catalyst, demonstrating the value of slow heating in analysis applications of hydropyrolysis which include the determination of organic sulphur forms in coals.
96104776 Effect of low-temperature tar upgradlng condltlons on chemical composltlon of fuel fractlons Sliwka, E. and Surygala, J. Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (2), 1471-1474. Tar from low-temperature pyrolysis of low-rank coal was hydrogenated at 340-400”, 4-14 MPa H?, and 0.5-2.0 h“ liquid space velocity over CoMo/AI,O, and Ni-Mo/A1,03 catalysts, for the manufacture of naphtha and middle distillates.
96104779 Effect of mlneral matter on the propertles of coal water slurry Xie, Y. X. er al.. Coal Sci. Tech&., 1995. 24, (21, 1593-1596. Describes how the viscosity of aqueous coal ;I&ries is significantly increased by demineralization with acids. The addition of electrolyte can improve the rheology of aqueous coal slurries.
96104760 Effect of preparatlon condltlons zatlon and actlvlty of aerosol-generated ferric alysts for direct coal llquefactlon Sharma, R. K. et al., Energy Fuels, 1996, 10, (3). Describes a study of the direct liquefaction of coal based catalysts generated in an aerosol reactor.
Fuel and Energy
Abstracts
on the characterlsulfide-based cat757-765. using ferric sulphide-
September
1996
339
Derived
Liquid Fuels
Aspects of catalyzed coal llquefactlon 96104762 Weller, S. W. Combust. Efic. Air Qual., Plenum, New York, N.Y., USA, 1995, 151-164. Discusses background, catalyst studies, kinetics and mechanism, and environmental aspects of catalyzed coal liquefaction. Batch vs. continuous experlments In coal 96104763 hvdroaenatlon &obecB. 0. Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (2), 1351-1354. Discusses the issue of correlation of results from batch reactors with those of continuous mode of operation.
Catalytic actlvlty of NI-MO sulfide supported on a 96tO4764 particular carbon black of hollow mlcrosphere In the Ilquefactlon of a subbltumlnous coal Sakanishi, K. er al., Energy Fuels, 1996, 10, (l), 216-219. The liquefaction of Wyoming subbituminous coal was investigated with an autoclave of 50 mL capacity, using a carbon black (KB)-suported Ki-Mo catalyst. KB-supported Ni-Mo catalyst gave the oil and oil plus asphaltene yield of 54 and 69% under reaction conditions of 440°C, 60 min, and 13 MPa. These yields were much higher than those of a commercial NiMo/A120, and synthesized FeS, ca&lysts. 96104765 Cataiytlc coal hydrollquefactlon Kanek, T. er al., (Assigned to) Nippon Brown Coal Liquefaction, JAP. Pat. JP.O8,41,463, Feb. 2 996. 96104766 Characterlzatlon of coal hydropyrolysls products Mastral, A. M. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (2), 1443-1446. Describes the hydropyrolysis of a low-rank coal carried but in a fixed-bed reactor with downward flowing H, at 40 kc/cm* H,. 400-600” (final temperature), and 0.5 or 2 L/min &s 6ow for TO and 36 minutes hold time at the final temperature. Semicoke yield decreased from 59% to 47% with increasing process severity, whereas the relative mineral matter content in the semicoke increased from 44 to 64%. 96104767 CharacFprizna&m c~~lsllqu$actlon~~lublllzatlon mechanisms of Isolated mlcroorganlsms Laborda, F. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (2), 1387-1390. The paper describes how fungi and bacteria1 strains were successfully grown on lignite, subbituminous, and bituminous coals, optionally with the addition of culture supplements. The chemical composltlon of a jet fuel sediment 96104766 formed by mlcroblologlcal actlon Pardede, R. and Batts, B. D. Fuel, Jul. 1996, 75, (9), 1132-1138. Aluminium citrate has been identified as the major component of a sediment formed as a result of microbial degradation of a jet fuel at the fuelwater interface. The structure of the sediment was determined using a combination of wet chemistry, elemental analysis, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. The sediment sample was insoluble in organic solvents, but soluble in water and dilute base. The methylated derivatives of the sediment were organic solvent soluble and amenable to study using standard techniques. Citric acid and related carboxylic acid compounds were shown to be the principal organic compounds present. 96104769 characterlzatlon Chromatographlc of preasphaltenes In llquefled products from Vlctorlan brown coal Masuda, K. er a[., Fuel, Jul. 1996, 75, (9), 1065-1070. Gel permeation chromatography was applied to the measurement of molecular weight distribution of the preasphaltenes in liquefied products from Victorian brown coal. When -pola; solvents such’ as N:methyl-2-pyrrolidone were used as elution solvents, two major peaks were separately observed at different retention times, reflecting the polarity of their components. By applying a new calibration method to the polar and non-polar components in the preasphaltenes, using a novolak phenol resin and polystyrenes reseectivelv. the molecular weights of both comoonents were estimated to be distributed around 10’. According to the present evaluation, a high liquefaction temperature was found to be effective in reducing the polar components in ihe preasphaltenes I
,
96104770 Coal converslon with selected model comoounds under noncatalytlc, low solvent:coal ratlo condltlons Tomic, J. and Schobert, H. H. Energy Fuels, 1996, 10, (3), 709-717. The paper investigated the interaction between coal and model compounds at relatively mild conditions to explore effects of coal, solvent, and reaction conditions at low coal conversion. 96104771 Composltlon of the mlneral part of solld resldues from llquefactlon of Kansk-Achlnsk Basin coal Zekel, L. A. et al., Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1995, (5). 78-81. (In Russian) The composition of solid residues from catalytic liquefaction of the coal was studied by using chemical and X-ray analysis.
Liquid fuels (derived liquid fuels)
96104772 Coprocesslng of coal and oil sand bitumen Yoshida, R. et al., Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1995, (12), 1013-1017. (In Japanese) Co-processing of coal (Battle River) and oil sand bitumen (Cold Lake) was carried out over Ni-Mo, CO-MO and red-mud/sulphur catalysts at 40045O”C, 22-23 MPa H, and lo-121 min in a 500 mL shaking-type autoclave. The conversion of the coal was 97.1 wt.% (daf) at 450°C for 121 min with Ni-Mo catalyst, and > 95.7 wt.% (daf) at 450°C for 120 min with redmudisulphur catalyst and anthracene oil. The oil sand bitumen was an excellent solvent for liquefaction of the coal compared with anthracene oil.
96104773 Dammar resin: A chemical model for reactlons of Utah reslnlte Dutta, R. and Schobert, H. H. ACS Symp. Ser., 1995, (617), 263-278. The hydrogenation, dehydrogenation and cracking reactions of resinite found in Utah coal are of importance if a coal liquefaction process is to be fully optimized. Dammar resin is very similar in structural composition to Utah resinite, and was used in this study. A series of reactions of various temperatures and times was undertaken and product distributions were analyzed. The polymeric fraction and dammar was deploymered, and dealkylated to naphthalenes and benzenes.
96104774 Decarboxylatlon and coupling reactlons of aromatlc acids under coal-llquefactlon condltlons Manion, .I. A. et ai., Energy Fuels, 1996, 10, (3), 776-788. The paper discusses the decarboxylation of a series of monomeric benzoic acid systems under liquefaction-relevant.
96/04775 Development of a secondary hydrogenation catalyst for brown coal llquefactlon - Effect of preasphaltene and ash content on catalyst deactlvatlon Kaneko, T. et al., Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1995, 21, (6), 1110-l 119. (In Japanese) The paper discusses the effects of preasphaltene and ash content on catalyst deactivation with a Ca-Ni-Mo/AlzO, developed for secondary hydrogenation in two-stage brown coal liquefaction.
96104776 Effect of coal characterlstlcs and molybdenum sulfide catalyst on converslons and yields of heavy products from llquefactlon In phenanthrene Burgess, C. E. and Schobert, H. H. Energy Fuels, 1996, 10, (3), 718-725. Eight coals, ranging in rank from subbituminous B to high-volatile A bituminous, were reacted in microautoclave reactors in a hydrogen atmosphere and with the nondonor solvent phenanthrene. Reactions were conducted at 360” for 1 hour. Both noncatalytic and catalytic reactions were investigated.
96104777 Effect of heating rate on normal and catalytic flxedbed hydropyrolysls Baoqing, L.‘ hr al, Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (2), 1367-1370. Describes the fixed-bedihvdropvrolvsis tests conducted on a UK bituminous coal (Gedling), the *yodik Aigonne Premium Coal Sample and the high-sulphur Mequinenza lignite at a pressure of 150 bar. The tar yields and overall conversions increased markedly bv ca 5-20% daf coal as the heat rates was decreased from 300 to 5°C min”, both with and without a sulphided molybdenum catalyst, demonstrating the value of slow heating in analysis applications of hydropyrolysis which include the determination of organic sulphur forms in coals.
96104776 Effect of low-temperature tar upgradlng condltlons on chemical composltlon of fuel fractlons Sliwka, E. and Surygala, J. Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (2), 1471-1474. Tar from low-temperature pyrolysis of low-rank coal was hydrogenated at 340-400”, 4-14 MPa H?, and 0.5-2.0 h“ liquid space velocity over CoMo/AI,O, and Ni-Mo/A1,03 catalysts, for the manufacture of naphtha and middle distillates.
96104779 Effect of mlneral matter on the propertles of coal water slurry Xie, Y. X. er al.. Coal Sci. Tech&., 1995. 24, (21, 1593-1596. Describes how the viscosity of aqueous coal ;I&ries is significantly increased by demineralization with acids. The addition of electrolyte can improve the rheology of aqueous coal slurries.
96104760 Effect of preparatlon condltlons zatlon and actlvlty of aerosol-generated ferric alysts for direct coal llquefactlon Sharma, R. K. et al., Energy Fuels, 1996, 10, (3). Describes a study of the direct liquefaction of coal based catalysts generated in an aerosol reactor.
Fuel and Energy
Abstracts
on the characterlsulfide-based cat757-765. using ferric sulphide-
September
1996
339