00539 Repowering with clean coal technologies

07

97/90528 conjunction tivity

The use of a thermal energy recycle with a basin-type solar still for enhanced

unit in produc-

Ahoabhoud. M. M. CI cl/., Enrre. 1907. 22. (I), X3-01. A recently developed thermal energy recycling unit operating under forced air circulation was attached to a conventional, basin-type solar still to enhance overall still productivity. In this unit. a relatively large fraction of the latent heat of condensation of the distillate is utilized to preheat and evaporate the feedstock. The system performance was tested in the laboratory using a solar simulator. The solar still was double glazed and no condensation was observed on the inner glazing when operating in the thermal energy recycling mode. The overall system productivity was about three times that of a conventional (single-effect) basin-type solar still. The advantages of the proposed system design are the following: (i) the solar still productivity can he enhanced significantly and at a reasonable cost; (ii) on-wetting glazings (e.g. certain plastic glazings) can he utilized. since in this mode of operation the glazing does not function as a condensation surface: (iii) as a result. the thermal losses from the outer surface of the glazing to the amhient can he reduced significantly by the use of double glazings: and (iv) the system is very adaptable to the utilization of an external waste energy source (e.g. wet steam or hot saturated air) for nocturnal distillation, namely operation in the absence of solar radiation. 97100529

still including

Waterfilm cooling over the glass evaporation effects

cover of a solar

Abu-Hijleh, 9. and Mousa, H. A., Energy, 1997. 22, (I). 43-48 The effect of water film cooling of the glass cover on the efficiency of a single-basin still has been investigated numerically. Proper use of the filmcooling parameters may increase the still efficiency by up to 20%. On the other hand, a poor combination of these parameters leads to a significant reduction in efficiency. The presence of the cooling film neutralizes the effect of wind speed on still efficiency. Only a small fraction of the cooling film evaporates as it passes over the glass cover.

Whatever

97100530

happened

to the Building

Energy Code of

Australia? Sale. R., Solar Enera, Dec. 1996, 17, (4), 4-S. The paper looks at the prospect of a Building Energy Code in Australia non-residential buildings and the issues surrounding its introduction.

for

Wind Energy of a wind-turbine-driven

compressor

Abed, K. A., &erg? lYY7, 22, (1). 2l-2h. Energy storage is important for renewable energy systems. Compressed air storage is an attractive alternative to pumped water storage. It is suitable for use with wind-energy systems. We have studied a system consisting of a wind turbine, compressor, storage tank, and air-lift pump. The output power and capacity factor were accurately determined. Characteristics of the air-lift pump were investigated by using a numerical model. Wind turbines with compressed air storage and capacity factors greater than 40% are feasible with air-lift pumps. With air-lift pumps, increases of air-flow rates were accompanied by corresponding increases in water-flow rates, up to maximum outputs. The efficiency of the system reaches 22% when the ratio of water to air flow rate equals 2. I5 and decreases thereafter.

Others, Including Economics 97100532 batteries.

Development,

Determination of an ageing 1. Kinetic aspects

factor

for

lead/acid

Armenta-Deu. C. and Donaire, T., Journal of Power Sources, Feb. 1996, 5X. (2). 12X-133. The capacity of lead/acid batteries decreases with the,number of cycles. This process is known as ageing. The reduction of capacity affects not only the operation time hut also the performance of the accumulator and of the system attached to the battery. One of the main procedures affected by the hattery ageing is the determination of the state-of-charge, In this paper, a parameter called ‘ageing factor’, f.,, which represents the reduction of the available energy in lead/acid batteries, is introduced. A method to calculate this factor and its incidence on battery performance has also been developed. The method is based on the effective reduction in electrolyte specific gravity in a fully charged lead/acid battery computed from the change of the slope of the electrolyte density during charge with the number of cycles, and the subsequent reduction in discharge time. A correlation process between the reduction of the energy delivered by the electrochemical cell, the reduction of the discharge time, and the apparent change of the slope of electrolyte density has been developed, resulting in an analytical expression that may be used to compute the effective reduction in available energy in lead/acid batteries. The results of the experiments have

energy sources (wind energy)

proven the merit of the proposed system: the predicted values are in good agreement with experimental data, the associated error in thef‘, estimation being lower than Y%, a result which has been considered acceptable to validate the proposed method.

Domestic urban ecosystem

97100533

fuel

energy

consumption

in an Indian

Misra. M. K. et al., Biomass and Bioenwgy. 1995. 9. (h), 473-486. Presents a discussion of the use of biofuels as a domestic energy source in Berhampur, Orissa State The domestic sector derives 49% of its energy used for cooking and heating from biomass sources. A number of links are made between economic and cultural factors, and the use of different fuels. The paper concludes that there is scope for enlarging the biomass base hy utilising the available bio-wastes and developing a green belt around the town. This requires some rural features in the urban area using new technologies. 97100534

gasification

Energy recovery technologies

from ‘waste.

The

application

of

Pollesel. P., Chim. IrId. (Milan), 1996. 7X. (S), hO3-607. This review considers the applications of gasification processes to residues and waste materials. and analyses the most important technologies to obtain energy from wastes through gasification,

97100535 Industry? Wells, M., Australia is international ERDC in to

97100536 processing

Is innovation

important

for the Australian

Building

Solar Ener~. Dec. 1906, 17 (4). 12. looking to innovation to provrde a competitive edge in the building market. This article looks at work carried out by the energy innovation.

Procedure and of used tires

apparatus

for

chemical-thermal

Schleicher, H., Ger. Offen. DE 4.447.357 (Cl. ClOBS3/OO). 27 Jun 1996, Appl. 4,447,357, 20 Dee 1994. (In German) Used tyre processing involves pyrolysis, gasification of pyrolysis products. and iron-steam reaction in a shaft reactor. No preliminary separation of the charge (for exmaple the removal of steel wire) is necessary. In all stages. a superheated steam-oxygen mixture is used. liberated thermal energy is obtained, and the resulting (CO + Hz)-containing synthesis gas and Fe-rich slag are continuously withdrawn. Optionally, CaO or Ca(OH)? is added to the charge for slag formation.

97100537 materials Performance 97100531 for lifting water

Alternative

Properties

and possible

uses of nontraditional

fuel

Bendere, R. cf al.. Larr. J. Phys. Tech. Sci.. 199h. (2), 22-31. (In Latvian) This paper reports the results of the characterization study of using lowgrade coal, oil products, peat and wood chips as fuel. The investigation has therefore been conducted on the determination of technical parameters and elementary composition of investigated materials. It is shown that on the basis of these analyses it is possible to estimate characteristics of low-grade fuels in context with the requirements of environmental standards and technical design of common type furnaces.

97100536

Renewable

energy transportation

technologies

Bull, S. R. Renewable Energy, 1996, 9. (l-4. Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and the Environment, Vol. 2). 1019-1024. Finding alternative and renewable transportation fuels is an important issue as substituting these fuels for petroleum can reduce dependence on foreign oil imports, improve air quality. and mitigate greenhouse gases. Renewable fuels are very attractive as they not only offer the same advantages as nonrenewable alternative fuels, but also provide an inexhaustible supply. The largest potential for significant quantities of liquid renewable fuels is from the production of hiofuels from cellulosic biomass such as wastes and energy crops. This paper look at the plans for advanced vehicles and the prospect of combining renewable fuels and high efficiency, advanced vehicles to move towards a sustainable transportation system.

97100539

Repowering

with clean coal technologies

Freier. M. D. et al.. Proc. Am. Power Con)“., 1YYh. .5X, (I), 3.53-358. This paper examines the repowering of existing coal-fired power generation plants with clean coal technologies.

97100540

Sasol: growth through

innovation

Jager, B., Chim. Ind. (Milan), 1096. 78, (4), 451-452. A review of the Sasol process for the production of synthetic fuels (FischerTropsch process) and such products as rr-olefins. anode coke. sulfur and specialty waxes.

97100541 production

Thermal plasma of syngas

pyrolysis

of used

old

tires

for

Chang, J. S. et al.. J Environ. SC;. Health, Part A: Enkon. Sci. Eng. Tok Hazard. Suhst. Control, 199f1, A31. (7) 1781-1799. This paper investigates the thermal plasma pyrolysis of used tires for the production of syngas. A series of experiments have shown that tire waste can be pyrolyzed in a plasma reactor to produce combustible gas. such as ethyne, methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The combustion heat value of the produced gas is about 4-7 MJim’. which is higher than that of

Fuel and Energy Abstracts

January 1997

41