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01171 Dust filtration in hot coal gas
04
By-products
04
related to fuels
BY-PRODUCTS TO FUELS
97101157 formations
Advanced
coal-fired
combustion gas composition (0:. CO, and NO,) profiles to be measured continuously as the coal is burned under controlled air supply conditions. The operational parameters which influence NO, formation are described. A combustion air supply regime for low NO, emissions in this mode of combustion has been defined and tested.
RELATED and
biomass
ash
and
char
Alvin, M. A. Proc. Anm. Ini. Pmshurgh Coal Conf, 199.5, 12, 7-12. Presents results for materials deposited in pressurized fluidized-bed combustion and biomass gasification applications, in order to characterize the morphology and composition of ash and char formations that collect along high temperature porous ceramic barrier filters. The impact of ash formation on the load bearing capability of the porous ceramic barrier filter elements is also discussed.
97101158 Amine-cured epoxy resin-shale tar sealant containing furfurylacetone monomer and portland cement filler Popov, K. N. el al. Russ. RU 2,054,445 (Cl. COYK3/10), 20 Feb 1996, SU 1996, (5), Appl. 4, 955, 217, 20 Jun 1991. (In Russian) From Izohre&niya, 165.
97101159 systems
Ammonia
and its control
in clean coal technology
Norman, J. S. et cd. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Cmf., 1995, 12. 193198. Discusses how the formation of NH2 and HCN within clean coal technology (CCT) systems can lead to increased gas turbine emissions of NO, if steps are not taken to remove these fuel-N compounds from the fuel gas. The paper explores gas cleaning in a number of situations. The Air Blown Gasification Cycle (ABGC) was studied.
Apparatus lates from gases.
and method
97101160
for separation
of particu-
Takegawa. T. Jpn. Kokal Tokkyo Koho JP 08, 281, 041 [Y6, 281, 0411 (Cl. BOlDSO/Ol~), 29 Ott 1906, Appl. 9518.5, 384, 11 Apr 1995, 4 pp (In Japanese). The apparatus detailed is suitable for the separation of char from gases produced by coal gasification, etc.
97101161 Apparatus with control means
for denitration
of flue gases using urea
Nagai, Y. et al. Jpn. Kokal Tokkyo Koho JP 08, 281, 074 (96, 281, 0741 (Cl. BOID53194). 29 Ott 1996, Appl. 95193, 478, 19 Apr 199.5, 7 pp (In Japanese). The apparatus detailed in this article includes a gasifier for the hydrolysis of urea to generate NH, gas to he contacted with the flue gas containing NO, in a denitration reactor with a control means.
97101162 temperature
Basic coal science. VIII. Characteristics behavior of coal ash Y. Nippon Enenrgi Gakkaishi, 1996, 75, (6),
97101166 COP-removal R2 in airlift bioreactors Yamada,
97101167 melts
H. et al.
Enera,
characteristics
FebiMarch
Desulfurization
of Anacystis
1997. 22. (2/3),
agent for treating
nidulans
349-352.
pig or cast iron
13 Jun Wiesboeck, R. ef al. PCT Int. Appl. WO 96 17, 963 (Cl. C2lCl/O2), 1996, AT Appl. 9412, 299, 9 Dee 1994, 12 pp. (In German) A discussion of a desulfurization agent which contains 15-9.5 wt.“: C‘a(‘: and/or CaO and balance ash (e.g. ash from biomass combustion such ah wood ash. coarse ash, fluidized-bed ash, fly ash). Optionally, the agent contains 5-50 Mg and/or I-IO wt.% carbonaceous substance (e.g. petroleum coke, coal dust, coal, charcoal, coke fines, graphite dust).
Determination of unconverted HDPE in coallplas97101168 tics co-liquefaction stream samples Robbins, G. A. et al. Prepr. Pap. Am. Chem. Sec.. Dil,. Fuel Chcm.. 1996, 41, (3). 1069-1073. Discusses the development of a decalin extraction method for HDPE that can be routinely applied to ashy coal/plastics co-liquefaction stream samples. The method requires -4 h of operator and extraction time, with several hours of additional time needed for solvent removal for recovered fractions. The HPDE extraction method shows little interference from coalderived material. During coal/plastics operations with pressure filtration, little HDPE goes out in the pressure filter cake stream; instead, most of the HDPE is recycled in the pressure filter liquid stream.
97101169 Dissolution rate of liquid COz in pressurized flows and the effect of clathrate films Hirai. S. ef al. Energy, FebiMarch 1997, 22, (2/3), 2X4-293.
water
The distribution of nitrogen between bitumen, 97lO1170 water and residue in hydrous pyrolysis of extracted Messel oil shale Barth, T. el al. Org. Grochem.. 1996. 24, (819). 889-89.5. In this study a series of simulated maturation experiments were performed on a pre-extracted sample of the Messcl oil shale. The nitrogen contents of the generated bitumen. the water phase and the residual organic matter have been determined in order to establish an overview of the distribution of nitrogen between the phases during the maturation process.
and high-
Ninomiya, 433-440 (In Japanese). Presents a discussion on the high-temperature behaviour of coal ash during combustion, gasification, etc., including its formation and transformation, sintering, and migration and deposition onto the heat transfer surface.
97101171 Schreurs,
Dust filtration in hot coal gas Proc. Annu. Irrt. Pittsburgh Coal C’onf.. 191)s. 12. 20h-
H. C. E.
270. This article presents a study into high temperature gas using granular bed and ceramic filters.
dust removal
from coal
The Carnol process for COP mitigation from power 97101163 plants and the transportation sector Steinberg, M. U. S. Environ. Pmt. Agency, Res. Dev., [Rep.] EPA, 1996,
97101172 Effect of properties of Chinese coals on activated carbon characteristics Yoon, H-S. et al. Hwahak Koaghak, 1996, 34. (3), 263-269. (In Korean)
(EPA-600/R-96-072, Proceedings: The 1995 Symposium on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Research), 3/86-31104. Discusses the development of a carbon dioxide mitigation process which converts waste COZ, primarily recovered from coal-fired power plant stack gases with natural gas, to produce methanol as a liquid fuel and coproduct carbon as a materials commodity. The application of COZ mitigation technologies, such as the Carnol process (described), depends to some extent, on how serious the country and the world takes the global greenhouse gas warming problem.
Describes how activated carbon was manufactured from a mixture of anthracite and bituminous coals from China under various experimental conditions using steam as the activation agent in a hatch type rotary kiln. The effects of coal size and the weight ratio of anthracite and bituminous coals on the properties of activated carbon have been determined. The nonisothermal kinetic model was employed to determine the activation energy of the steam-anthracite and bituminous chars. The carbonization temperature does not produce any significant effect on the properties of activated carbon, whereas carbonization time affects the pore structure of activated carbon due to the mild gasification. The range of micro pores increases with increasing reaction time at a given temperature, but the adsorption capacity, porosity of activated carbon decrease and the average pore diameter decrease with increasing reaction temperature at a given reaction time.
97101164 Characteristics of coal liquefaction residue produced at the 1 tonlday PDU Itonaga, M. et al. Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happy0 Ronhunshu, 1995, 32, 4Y52 (In Japanese). Presents a discussion into the characteristics of residue from a coal liquefaction process. To stabilize the discharging of residue from a vacuum column in the PDU, it is important to establish the characteristics of liquefaction residue, e.g. viscosity. This paper studies the influence of ash volume fraction and chemical structure in the organic components of the residue on the viscosity of the residue. An equation to establish the viscosity of liquefaction residue is proposed.
97101165 boilers
The
control
of NO.
emissions
from
stoker-fired
Livingston, W. R. ef al. Inst. Energy’.s Int. Conf. Cornbust. Emiss. Control, Proc. Insr. Enerev. Conf.. 2nd. 1995. 273-283. Presents the fizings of a st;dy into the combustion and NO, formation processes which occur in travelling grate stoker-fired boilers. The pot furnace test facility, used in the study enables the fuel bed temperature and
94
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 1997
97101173 Elimination of harmful organic impurities in synthesis gas produced by gasification of municipal wastes Kiss, G. H. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 726, 307 (Cl. ClOJ3/66), 14 Aug 1996, Appl. 951 101. 914, 13 Feb 1905, 4 pp. (In German) Details a process for the elimination of organic impurities from synthesis gas produced from municipal wastes by charging with additional oxygen. A prepyrolysed carbonaceous waste is charged into a high-temperature gasification reactor to form a loose bed, and the resulting synthesis gas is withdrawn at the top of the reactor. Additional oxygen is injected into the top reactor section by using several axially and/or radially inclined nozzles, and synthesis gas is partially burned to attain a stable temperature of >lOOo” above the gasification bed and to induce complete homogeneous gas mixing. Optionally, extra nozzles are used for injection of additional gaseous or liquid fuels into the top reactor section.
By-products
04
related to fuels
BY-PRODUCTS TO FUELS
97101157 formations
Advanced
coal-fired
combustion gas composition (0:. CO, and NO,) profiles to be measured continuously as the coal is burned under controlled air supply conditions. The operational parameters which influence NO, formation are described. A combustion air supply regime for low NO, emissions in this mode of combustion has been defined and tested.
RELATED and
biomass
ash
and
char
Alvin, M. A. Proc. Anm. Ini. Pmshurgh Coal Conf, 199.5, 12, 7-12. Presents results for materials deposited in pressurized fluidized-bed combustion and biomass gasification applications, in order to characterize the morphology and composition of ash and char formations that collect along high temperature porous ceramic barrier filters. The impact of ash formation on the load bearing capability of the porous ceramic barrier filter elements is also discussed.
97101158 Amine-cured epoxy resin-shale tar sealant containing furfurylacetone monomer and portland cement filler Popov, K. N. el al. Russ. RU 2,054,445 (Cl. COYK3/10), 20 Feb 1996, SU 1996, (5), Appl. 4, 955, 217, 20 Jun 1991. (In Russian) From Izohre&niya, 165.
97101159 systems
Ammonia
and its control
in clean coal technology
Norman, J. S. et cd. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Cmf., 1995, 12. 193198. Discusses how the formation of NH2 and HCN within clean coal technology (CCT) systems can lead to increased gas turbine emissions of NO, if steps are not taken to remove these fuel-N compounds from the fuel gas. The paper explores gas cleaning in a number of situations. The Air Blown Gasification Cycle (ABGC) was studied.
Apparatus lates from gases.
and method
97101160
for separation
of particu-
Takegawa. T. Jpn. Kokal Tokkyo Koho JP 08, 281, 041 [Y6, 281, 0411 (Cl. BOlDSO/Ol~), 29 Ott 1906, Appl. 9518.5, 384, 11 Apr 1995, 4 pp (In Japanese). The apparatus detailed is suitable for the separation of char from gases produced by coal gasification, etc.
97101161 Apparatus with control means
for denitration
of flue gases using urea
Nagai, Y. et al. Jpn. Kokal Tokkyo Koho JP 08, 281, 074 (96, 281, 0741 (Cl. BOID53194). 29 Ott 1996, Appl. 95193, 478, 19 Apr 199.5, 7 pp (In Japanese). The apparatus detailed in this article includes a gasifier for the hydrolysis of urea to generate NH, gas to he contacted with the flue gas containing NO, in a denitration reactor with a control means.
97101162 temperature
Basic coal science. VIII. Characteristics behavior of coal ash Y. Nippon Enenrgi Gakkaishi, 1996, 75, (6),
97101166 COP-removal R2 in airlift bioreactors Yamada,
97101167 melts
H. et al.
Enera,
characteristics
FebiMarch
Desulfurization
of Anacystis
1997. 22. (2/3),
agent for treating
nidulans
349-352.
pig or cast iron
13 Jun Wiesboeck, R. ef al. PCT Int. Appl. WO 96 17, 963 (Cl. C2lCl/O2), 1996, AT Appl. 9412, 299, 9 Dee 1994, 12 pp. (In German) A discussion of a desulfurization agent which contains 15-9.5 wt.“: C‘a(‘: and/or CaO and balance ash (e.g. ash from biomass combustion such ah wood ash. coarse ash, fluidized-bed ash, fly ash). Optionally, the agent contains 5-50 Mg and/or I-IO wt.% carbonaceous substance (e.g. petroleum coke, coal dust, coal, charcoal, coke fines, graphite dust).
Determination of unconverted HDPE in coallplas97101168 tics co-liquefaction stream samples Robbins, G. A. et al. Prepr. Pap. Am. Chem. Sec.. Dil,. Fuel Chcm.. 1996, 41, (3). 1069-1073. Discusses the development of a decalin extraction method for HDPE that can be routinely applied to ashy coal/plastics co-liquefaction stream samples. The method requires -4 h of operator and extraction time, with several hours of additional time needed for solvent removal for recovered fractions. The HPDE extraction method shows little interference from coalderived material. During coal/plastics operations with pressure filtration, little HDPE goes out in the pressure filter cake stream; instead, most of the HDPE is recycled in the pressure filter liquid stream.
97101169 Dissolution rate of liquid COz in pressurized flows and the effect of clathrate films Hirai. S. ef al. Energy, FebiMarch 1997, 22, (2/3), 2X4-293.
water
The distribution of nitrogen between bitumen, 97lO1170 water and residue in hydrous pyrolysis of extracted Messel oil shale Barth, T. el al. Org. Grochem.. 1996. 24, (819). 889-89.5. In this study a series of simulated maturation experiments were performed on a pre-extracted sample of the Messcl oil shale. The nitrogen contents of the generated bitumen. the water phase and the residual organic matter have been determined in order to establish an overview of the distribution of nitrogen between the phases during the maturation process.
and high-
Ninomiya, 433-440 (In Japanese). Presents a discussion on the high-temperature behaviour of coal ash during combustion, gasification, etc., including its formation and transformation, sintering, and migration and deposition onto the heat transfer surface.
97101171 Schreurs,
Dust filtration in hot coal gas Proc. Annu. Irrt. Pittsburgh Coal C’onf.. 191)s. 12. 20h-
H. C. E.
270. This article presents a study into high temperature gas using granular bed and ceramic filters.
dust removal
from coal
The Carnol process for COP mitigation from power 97101163 plants and the transportation sector Steinberg, M. U. S. Environ. Pmt. Agency, Res. Dev., [Rep.] EPA, 1996,
97101172 Effect of properties of Chinese coals on activated carbon characteristics Yoon, H-S. et al. Hwahak Koaghak, 1996, 34. (3), 263-269. (In Korean)
(EPA-600/R-96-072, Proceedings: The 1995 Symposium on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Research), 3/86-31104. Discusses the development of a carbon dioxide mitigation process which converts waste COZ, primarily recovered from coal-fired power plant stack gases with natural gas, to produce methanol as a liquid fuel and coproduct carbon as a materials commodity. The application of COZ mitigation technologies, such as the Carnol process (described), depends to some extent, on how serious the country and the world takes the global greenhouse gas warming problem.
Describes how activated carbon was manufactured from a mixture of anthracite and bituminous coals from China under various experimental conditions using steam as the activation agent in a hatch type rotary kiln. The effects of coal size and the weight ratio of anthracite and bituminous coals on the properties of activated carbon have been determined. The nonisothermal kinetic model was employed to determine the activation energy of the steam-anthracite and bituminous chars. The carbonization temperature does not produce any significant effect on the properties of activated carbon, whereas carbonization time affects the pore structure of activated carbon due to the mild gasification. The range of micro pores increases with increasing reaction time at a given temperature, but the adsorption capacity, porosity of activated carbon decrease and the average pore diameter decrease with increasing reaction temperature at a given reaction time.
97101164 Characteristics of coal liquefaction residue produced at the 1 tonlday PDU Itonaga, M. et al. Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happy0 Ronhunshu, 1995, 32, 4Y52 (In Japanese). Presents a discussion into the characteristics of residue from a coal liquefaction process. To stabilize the discharging of residue from a vacuum column in the PDU, it is important to establish the characteristics of liquefaction residue, e.g. viscosity. This paper studies the influence of ash volume fraction and chemical structure in the organic components of the residue on the viscosity of the residue. An equation to establish the viscosity of liquefaction residue is proposed.
97101165 boilers
The
control
of NO.
emissions
from
stoker-fired
Livingston, W. R. ef al. Inst. Energy’.s Int. Conf. Cornbust. Emiss. Control, Proc. Insr. Enerev. Conf.. 2nd. 1995. 273-283. Presents the fizings of a st;dy into the combustion and NO, formation processes which occur in travelling grate stoker-fired boilers. The pot furnace test facility, used in the study enables the fuel bed temperature and
94
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 1997
97101173 Elimination of harmful organic impurities in synthesis gas produced by gasification of municipal wastes Kiss, G. H. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 726, 307 (Cl. ClOJ3/66), 14 Aug 1996, Appl. 951 101. 914, 13 Feb 1905, 4 pp. (In German) Details a process for the elimination of organic impurities from synthesis gas produced from municipal wastes by charging with additional oxygen. A prepyrolysed carbonaceous waste is charged into a high-temperature gasification reactor to form a loose bed, and the resulting synthesis gas is withdrawn at the top of the reactor. Additional oxygen is injected into the top reactor section by using several axially and/or radially inclined nozzles, and synthesis gas is partially burned to attain a stable temperature of >lOOo” above the gasification bed and to induce complete homogeneous gas mixing. Optionally, extra nozzles are used for injection of additional gaseous or liquid fuels into the top reactor section.