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03133 Smelting of oxide fines and steelmaking wastes in a rotary furnace for recovery of iron
12
97103133 Smelting of oxide fines and steelmaking rotary furnace for recovery of iron
wastes in a
Rinker, F. G. and Horne, D. A. U.S. US 5,601,631 (Cl. 75-484; C21B13/ 08) 11Feb 1997, Appl. 519,844, 25 Aug 1995, 7 pp. The dry mixture that results from the blending of iron-rich oxide dust and other such wastes carbonaceous material is heated to release the volatiles with agglomeration. It is subsequently loaded into a preheated furnace with rotary hearth and heated for 5-12 min at 2150-2350°F for smelting and discharging the metalized product suitable for recycling. The dry mixture is briquetted at >lO,OOO psi, and the briquettes are smelted at the nominal CO/CO: ratio of 2-5 for the reduction of metal oxides. The metalized Ferich briquettes are suitable for recycling to the steelmaking plant.
Some aspects of pneumatic injection with particuto the design of dischargers and lock feeders Biswas, D. K. et al. Powder Handl. Process., 1996, 8, (I), 31-40.
97103134
lar reference
Wide applications are presented for pressure pneumatic injection of particles/powder in various metallurgical processes such as for direct reduction of iron ore in rotary kiln using non-coking coal, reduction of coke burden in blast furnace, desulfurization, dephosphorization, and alloying of liquid metals and steel in ladles, pulverized fuel burners, and fluidized bed reactors. etc. A lock feeder/discharger is a major component of the positive pressure pneumatic injection system. The efficacy of any such system depends very much on the performance of its lock feeder/discharger. Excessive leakage of the compressible conveying fluid through the lock feeder seriously affects the performance. Hence leakage analysis and its minimization constitutes an important part of the efficient design of a lock feeder. The authors analyse leakage through a lock feeder, dependence of the leakage rate on factors such as rotor speed, the number of rotor blades/ helix, etc. and the relevant design criteria for improved performance of the system.
Strategy of computer control of coal powder-firing reheating furnace. Wang, H. Gangtie, 1996, 31, (S), 61-64, 60. (In Chinese)
97lO3135
Computer control of powdered coal-firing furnace for reheating of steel slabs was established with a mathematical model. The practice showed that the quality of reheated slabs were good, the fuel savings were 6.3 kg standard coal per ton of slabs, and the oxidation rate of slabs decreased by 0.493%, on average.
Study and monitoring of temperature 97103136 of raceway in blast furnace with coal injection Yu, K. Gangtir, 1996, 31, (5), 7-10, 29. (In Chinese)
and operation
The paper studies the temperature distribution in a 2000 m” iron-making blast furnace raceway with coal injection oxygen content in the blast 2125% and its 1000°C temperature using an IR thermal image system. During coal injection the temperature at the pulverized coal outlet was about 700°C lower than the average temperature of the raceway cross section. Oxygen enrichment of hot blast increased the temperature of the raceway. A charger coupled device was developed for monitoring the raceway temperature and automatic adjustment of the pulverized coal injection.
The study on operation with small-size 97103137 around inside wall of a blast furnace Xu. J. Gangtie, 1996, 31, (8), S-Y. (In Chinese)
coke charge
A blast furnace operating with small-size coke charge around the inside wall was simulated in laboratory tests. The results showed that the small-size coke layer was capable of thermal insulation reducing the erosion of the lining and decreasing the heat loss of the furnace. The burden was separated from the wall with this small size coke to prevent the coherence on the wall. Putting small-size coke around the inside wall of BF is effective way to prolong the lifetime of the lining.
12
REFRACTORIES/ CERAMICS Properties,
Production,
97103139 Ceramic their manufacture
Advanced hot gas filter for the Pinon Pine coal power plant Bruck, G. J. et al. Proc. Anna. Irtt. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1996, 13, (2), 1278-1283.
97103138 gasification
The paper presents a commercial scale advanced hot gas filter for the Pinon Pine coal gasification power plant. Manifolded arrays of ceramic barrier filters are suspended from a high alloy tubesheet separating dirty and clean sides of the filter. The authors illustrate the unit’s similarities to previously proven technology. Extrapolations of the unit from demonstration filters are described and the unique attributes of this filter are discussed in detail.
(propehes,
cylindrical
production,
applications)
filters for coal ash removal and
Tsunoda, H. and Umekawa, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09 48,679 [97 48,6791 (Cl. C04B38/00), 18 Feb 1997, Appl. 951197,586, 2 Aug 1995; 5 pp. (In Japanese). Ceramic particles with average diameter 2-20 m are in the filters, adhered on the inside of cylinders. The process comprises feeding the ceramic particles with air into sealed cylinders, followed by firing. The filters are particularly suitable for electric power plants having pressurized fluidized bed boilers.
97103140
Ceramic
hot-gas
candle filter
Connally. E. S. et al. U.S. US 5,605,553 (Cl. 55-487; BOlD39/20), 25 Feb 1997, US Appl. 223,139, 31 Mar 1994, 12 pp. The function of this filter is particulate removal from the hot gas stream. It has a porous support of filament-wound oxide ceramic yarn at least partly surrounded by a porous refractory oxide ceramic matrix, and a membrane layer on > I of their surface. The membrane layer may be on the outer and/ or inner surface of the porous support. This layer is formed of an ordered arrangement of continuous filament oxide ceramic yarn which is at least partly surrounded by a porous refractory oxide ceramic matrix. The filter can withstand thermal cycling during back-pulse cleaning and is resistant to chemical degradation at high temperatures. Applications for the filters include processes such as coal gasification and coal combustion to remove particulates from hot flue gases to protect downstream equipment from corrosion and erosion and thus to comply with EPA regulations.
97103141 Development of a computational scheme for transient combustion inside a refractory tube Kansuntisukmongkol, R. et al. Combustion and Flame. lYY7. 108, (112). 158-172. The development of a computational scheme for the transient combustion of premixed propane and air inside an adiabatic refractory tube is reported. Steady-state solutions were obtained to provide initial and final conditions for the transient combustion. Multiple steady-state solutions were found to exist for some combinations of the mass flow rate and the wall temperature at the inlet for a specified fuel-air ratio. Illustrative computations were carried out to completion only for a fixed tube-wall temperature that had previously been computed from a steady-state model, due to the timeconsuming nature of the complete transient computations. The computations for such a fixed tube-wall temperature provide a good approximation for the general behaviour for short times owing to the great thermal inertia of the wall. The results obtained indicate that the wall temperature profile is the primary determinant of the stability of the flame in a refractory tube.
97103142
High-density
ceramics
and their manufacture
Yamase, 0. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09 48,656 [97 48.6561 (Cl. C04B35/00), I8 Feb 1997. Appl. 95/221,068,7 Aug 1095, 6 pp. (In Japanese) Compositions containing fly ash from petroleum hydrocracking apparatus, binders ~80, and, optionally, sintering aids 3-25 wt% are used in the production of these ceramics. They are manufactured by kneading the compositions with water, forming the kneadings, drying the green, then firing at lOOO-1500°C. The process is useful for recycling waste fly ash.
97103143
International
directory
of filter media
Anon Filtr. Sep., November/December 1996, 33, (lo), 896-919. Covers air filter media, ceramics, fabrics, felts. papers, plastics and textiles.
A kind of porous ceramic 97103144 distribution Xu, 2. and Guo, M. Guisuanyarl Torqhao,
with controlled
poresize
1996. 15, (4). 49-51. 60. (In Chinese) The preparation of secondary assembled particles with the fine ball form from a mixture of clay, feldspar, talcum and coal powder by spraying is described. The pore-size distribution of the porous ceramic sintered from the particles was controlled by adjusting the process parameters. Porous ceramics with apparent density 0.9-1.0 g cm’ and porosity 60-65 ~01% were obtained.
97103145
Applications
Refractories/ceramics
Manufacture
of carbonlboron
carbide
ceramics
Tatsuno, S. and Ushijima, J. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08,337,475 [96,337,475] (Cl. C04B35152), 24 Dee 1996, Appl. 95!l6Y,lYO, I2 Jun 1995, 5 pp. (In Japanese) The process comprises the following steps: mixtures of calcined coke and pitch are pulverized, they are size adjusted to give carbon precursor powders, dry mixed with I-5 parts boron carbide powders of same grain size, CIP moulding is carried out, and then fired and carbonized in nonoxidizing atmospheric at ~2200°C. The ceramic contains homogeneously dispersed B carbide, and shows high strength.
97103146 reinforced obtained
Manufacture of high temperature-resistant fiberceramic exhaust manifolds, and the manifolds
Northrop-Grumman Corporation USA PCT Int Appl. WO 97 07,079 (Cl. C04B35/76), 27 Feb 1997, US Appl. 515,925, 16 Aug 1995. 35 pp. A porous liner of a castable monolithic ceramic material is formed, the pores filled with a pre-ceramic polymer and coating reinforcing fibres with an interface material to prevent strong adhesion of the preceramic polymer.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1997
257
97103133 Smelting of oxide fines and steelmaking rotary furnace for recovery of iron
wastes in a
Rinker, F. G. and Horne, D. A. U.S. US 5,601,631 (Cl. 75-484; C21B13/ 08) 11Feb 1997, Appl. 519,844, 25 Aug 1995, 7 pp. The dry mixture that results from the blending of iron-rich oxide dust and other such wastes carbonaceous material is heated to release the volatiles with agglomeration. It is subsequently loaded into a preheated furnace with rotary hearth and heated for 5-12 min at 2150-2350°F for smelting and discharging the metalized product suitable for recycling. The dry mixture is briquetted at >lO,OOO psi, and the briquettes are smelted at the nominal CO/CO: ratio of 2-5 for the reduction of metal oxides. The metalized Ferich briquettes are suitable for recycling to the steelmaking plant.
Some aspects of pneumatic injection with particuto the design of dischargers and lock feeders Biswas, D. K. et al. Powder Handl. Process., 1996, 8, (I), 31-40.
97103134
lar reference
Wide applications are presented for pressure pneumatic injection of particles/powder in various metallurgical processes such as for direct reduction of iron ore in rotary kiln using non-coking coal, reduction of coke burden in blast furnace, desulfurization, dephosphorization, and alloying of liquid metals and steel in ladles, pulverized fuel burners, and fluidized bed reactors. etc. A lock feeder/discharger is a major component of the positive pressure pneumatic injection system. The efficacy of any such system depends very much on the performance of its lock feeder/discharger. Excessive leakage of the compressible conveying fluid through the lock feeder seriously affects the performance. Hence leakage analysis and its minimization constitutes an important part of the efficient design of a lock feeder. The authors analyse leakage through a lock feeder, dependence of the leakage rate on factors such as rotor speed, the number of rotor blades/ helix, etc. and the relevant design criteria for improved performance of the system.
Strategy of computer control of coal powder-firing reheating furnace. Wang, H. Gangtie, 1996, 31, (S), 61-64, 60. (In Chinese)
97lO3135
Computer control of powdered coal-firing furnace for reheating of steel slabs was established with a mathematical model. The practice showed that the quality of reheated slabs were good, the fuel savings were 6.3 kg standard coal per ton of slabs, and the oxidation rate of slabs decreased by 0.493%, on average.
Study and monitoring of temperature 97103136 of raceway in blast furnace with coal injection Yu, K. Gangtir, 1996, 31, (5), 7-10, 29. (In Chinese)
and operation
The paper studies the temperature distribution in a 2000 m” iron-making blast furnace raceway with coal injection oxygen content in the blast 2125% and its 1000°C temperature using an IR thermal image system. During coal injection the temperature at the pulverized coal outlet was about 700°C lower than the average temperature of the raceway cross section. Oxygen enrichment of hot blast increased the temperature of the raceway. A charger coupled device was developed for monitoring the raceway temperature and automatic adjustment of the pulverized coal injection.
The study on operation with small-size 97103137 around inside wall of a blast furnace Xu. J. Gangtie, 1996, 31, (8), S-Y. (In Chinese)
coke charge
A blast furnace operating with small-size coke charge around the inside wall was simulated in laboratory tests. The results showed that the small-size coke layer was capable of thermal insulation reducing the erosion of the lining and decreasing the heat loss of the furnace. The burden was separated from the wall with this small size coke to prevent the coherence on the wall. Putting small-size coke around the inside wall of BF is effective way to prolong the lifetime of the lining.
12
REFRACTORIES/ CERAMICS Properties,
Production,
97103139 Ceramic their manufacture
Advanced hot gas filter for the Pinon Pine coal power plant Bruck, G. J. et al. Proc. Anna. Irtt. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1996, 13, (2), 1278-1283.
97103138 gasification
The paper presents a commercial scale advanced hot gas filter for the Pinon Pine coal gasification power plant. Manifolded arrays of ceramic barrier filters are suspended from a high alloy tubesheet separating dirty and clean sides of the filter. The authors illustrate the unit’s similarities to previously proven technology. Extrapolations of the unit from demonstration filters are described and the unique attributes of this filter are discussed in detail.
(propehes,
cylindrical
production,
applications)
filters for coal ash removal and
Tsunoda, H. and Umekawa, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09 48,679 [97 48,6791 (Cl. C04B38/00), 18 Feb 1997, Appl. 951197,586, 2 Aug 1995; 5 pp. (In Japanese). Ceramic particles with average diameter 2-20 m are in the filters, adhered on the inside of cylinders. The process comprises feeding the ceramic particles with air into sealed cylinders, followed by firing. The filters are particularly suitable for electric power plants having pressurized fluidized bed boilers.
97103140
Ceramic
hot-gas
candle filter
Connally. E. S. et al. U.S. US 5,605,553 (Cl. 55-487; BOlD39/20), 25 Feb 1997, US Appl. 223,139, 31 Mar 1994, 12 pp. The function of this filter is particulate removal from the hot gas stream. It has a porous support of filament-wound oxide ceramic yarn at least partly surrounded by a porous refractory oxide ceramic matrix, and a membrane layer on > I of their surface. The membrane layer may be on the outer and/ or inner surface of the porous support. This layer is formed of an ordered arrangement of continuous filament oxide ceramic yarn which is at least partly surrounded by a porous refractory oxide ceramic matrix. The filter can withstand thermal cycling during back-pulse cleaning and is resistant to chemical degradation at high temperatures. Applications for the filters include processes such as coal gasification and coal combustion to remove particulates from hot flue gases to protect downstream equipment from corrosion and erosion and thus to comply with EPA regulations.
97103141 Development of a computational scheme for transient combustion inside a refractory tube Kansuntisukmongkol, R. et al. Combustion and Flame. lYY7. 108, (112). 158-172. The development of a computational scheme for the transient combustion of premixed propane and air inside an adiabatic refractory tube is reported. Steady-state solutions were obtained to provide initial and final conditions for the transient combustion. Multiple steady-state solutions were found to exist for some combinations of the mass flow rate and the wall temperature at the inlet for a specified fuel-air ratio. Illustrative computations were carried out to completion only for a fixed tube-wall temperature that had previously been computed from a steady-state model, due to the timeconsuming nature of the complete transient computations. The computations for such a fixed tube-wall temperature provide a good approximation for the general behaviour for short times owing to the great thermal inertia of the wall. The results obtained indicate that the wall temperature profile is the primary determinant of the stability of the flame in a refractory tube.
97103142
High-density
ceramics
and their manufacture
Yamase, 0. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09 48,656 [97 48.6561 (Cl. C04B35/00), I8 Feb 1997. Appl. 95/221,068,7 Aug 1095, 6 pp. (In Japanese) Compositions containing fly ash from petroleum hydrocracking apparatus, binders ~80, and, optionally, sintering aids 3-25 wt% are used in the production of these ceramics. They are manufactured by kneading the compositions with water, forming the kneadings, drying the green, then firing at lOOO-1500°C. The process is useful for recycling waste fly ash.
97103143
International
directory
of filter media
Anon Filtr. Sep., November/December 1996, 33, (lo), 896-919. Covers air filter media, ceramics, fabrics, felts. papers, plastics and textiles.
A kind of porous ceramic 97103144 distribution Xu, 2. and Guo, M. Guisuanyarl Torqhao,
with controlled
poresize
1996. 15, (4). 49-51. 60. (In Chinese) The preparation of secondary assembled particles with the fine ball form from a mixture of clay, feldspar, talcum and coal powder by spraying is described. The pore-size distribution of the porous ceramic sintered from the particles was controlled by adjusting the process parameters. Porous ceramics with apparent density 0.9-1.0 g cm’ and porosity 60-65 ~01% were obtained.
97103145
Applications
Refractories/ceramics
Manufacture
of carbonlboron
carbide
ceramics
Tatsuno, S. and Ushijima, J. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08,337,475 [96,337,475] (Cl. C04B35152), 24 Dee 1996, Appl. 95!l6Y,lYO, I2 Jun 1995, 5 pp. (In Japanese) The process comprises the following steps: mixtures of calcined coke and pitch are pulverized, they are size adjusted to give carbon precursor powders, dry mixed with I-5 parts boron carbide powders of same grain size, CIP moulding is carried out, and then fired and carbonized in nonoxidizing atmospheric at ~2200°C. The ceramic contains homogeneously dispersed B carbide, and shows high strength.
97103146 reinforced obtained
Manufacture of high temperature-resistant fiberceramic exhaust manifolds, and the manifolds
Northrop-Grumman Corporation USA PCT Int Appl. WO 97 07,079 (Cl. C04B35/76), 27 Feb 1997, US Appl. 515,925, 16 Aug 1995. 35 pp. A porous liner of a castable monolithic ceramic material is formed, the pores filled with a pre-ceramic polymer and coating reinforcing fibres with an interface material to prevent strong adhesion of the preceramic polymer.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1997
257