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00633 Operation of iron molten-bath smelting furnace
11
Industrial energy substitution during the 1980s in 98100821 the Greek economy Caloghirou, Y. D. et al. Energy Economics, 1997, 19, (4) 477-492. The paper examines factor substitution in Greek manufacturing during the 1980s using pooled data in static and dynamic translog expenditure share models. Inputs are capital, labour, electricity and non-electrical energy. Own-price elasticities for capital and labour are inelastic, but more elastic for electricity (-0.90). Results indicate substitutability among factors in the short run. In the long run, electricity and capital are complements, as are labour and non-electrical energy. Greek manufacturing is predicted to continue decreased consumption of liquid fuels to the year 2000, continuing the electrification begun in the 1970s. On the limit of coal injection into blast furnace 98100822 Zhang, _I. Gangfie, 1996, 31, (ll), 12-16. (In Chinese) Taking into account the stock column skeleton of a blast furnace and the economy of injection, the author proposes a concept on the limit of injection of coal and the critical replacement ratio. The principles of coal injection limit and the economical rationality of large-quantity coal injection were discussed. The critical limit of coal injection can only be attained with improved permeability of the stock column and blast furnace operation. Long term operation with 200 kg/THM of pulverized 98100823 coal injection rate at Kakogawa Works Kadoguchi, K. et al. Int. Ironmaking Congr. Proc., 3rd, 1996, 72-81. The rate of pulverized coal injection (PCI) at the No. 1 blast furnace at Kakogawa Works has been increased from 100 kg/t hot metal to 201 kg/t after the PCI equipment was enlarged in October 1992. Operational problems at a PCR of 180 kg/t hot metal included the poor permeability in the blast furnace and the higher heat load to the furnace wall. Higher energy loss from the furnace wall and the poor replacement ratio were experienced. In order to solve these problems the burden distribution at the furnace top was improved to have the appropriate radius gas distribution in the furnace and to have the sharp inverse-V shaped cohesive zone. Furthermore. the blast condition including the coal injection position was adjusted. Merit of using combined cycle power units in 98100824 ferrous metallurgy Rozengart, Y. I. et al. Metall. Gornorudn. Prom-St., 1997, (1) 67-69. (In Russian) The paper supports the addition of gas turbine-driven generators to existing steam power units and suggests these turbines should run on coke oven gasblast furnace gas mixtures. 98100625 Method for charging coke to the center of bell-type blast furnace Mori, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,157,710 [97,157,710] (Cl. CZlBS/ 00) 17 Jun 1997, Appl. 95/321,929, 11 Dee 1995, 6 pp. (In Japanese) The coke is charged through a separate chute simultaneously with other raw charge through the bell, and the end point of the charging of coke is adjusted so that the coke charge is exposed at a raw charge layer. 98100826 Method for charging coke with varying strength into blast furnace Yamaguchi, R. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,2%7,007 [97,287,007] (Cl. C2lB5/00), 4 Nov 1997, Appl. 96/120,7%2, 19 Apr 1996,6 pp. (In Japanese) A blast furnace with alternative charging of iron ore and coke and blow injection of powdered carbon is described. The particle size of the coke is adjusted in response to the variation of the hot strength of the coke by adjusting the mesh size of a sieve installed underneath the coke tank. Method for simultaneous blow injection of pow98100627 dered carbon and iron source Yamaguchi, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,157,712 [97,157,712] (Cl. C21BS/OO), 17 Jun 1997, Appl. 95/337,700,4 Dee 1995, 6 pp. (In Japanese) Blow injection of an Fe source and powdered carbon into a blast furnace takes place through a separate lane inserted in a blow pipe. The lance for injection of powdered carbon is SO-500 mm away at the upstream from that for injection of Fe source. When the volatile component of the powdered carbon is >3O%, the reducing percentage of the powdered Fe source is controlled at 20. The volatile component of the powdered carbon is 98100628 Method for use of formed coke in blast furnace Yamaguchi, R. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,291,304 [97,291,304] (Cl. C21BS/OO), I1 Nov 1997, Appl. 961126,290, 24 Apr 1996, 5 pp. (In Japanese) The mesh size of the sieve under the coke tank is adjusted according to the cold strength of the formed coke in charging of coke and iron ore alternatively into a blast furnace The formed coke may be mixed with metallurgical coke. Modelling of pulverized coal injection 98100629 Wong, P. L. M. and Cheng, T.-W. Kuangye, 1997, 41, (l), 112-118. The thermochemistry in the raceway of an ironmaking blast furnace has been simulated with a computer model. As the pulverized coal injection rate is increased, the adiabatic temperature decreases considerably. The
Process
heating, power and incineration (energy applications in industry)
rate of decrease depends largely on the chemical properties of the coal, mainly the carbon content and calorific value. The maximum rate achieved at the lower limit flame temperature of 2000” ranged from 74 to 165 kg/ tonne of hot metal. The coal with the least carbon content has the least effect on the flame temperature, however, the coal/coke replacement ratio is low. Flame temperature rises with increased Oz content, but this occurs at the expense of higher consumption of coal/coke, and the coke replacement ability of coalis diminished. Pulverized coal injection increases the generation rate of reducing gases, namely CO and Hz, which is largely dependent on the chemical properties of coal. 98iOO630 Non-coke smelting reduction of iron ores: process modelling (Corex) Pichestapong, P. 1997, 271 pp. Avail. UMI, Order No. DA9736358. From Diss. Abstr. Int., B, 1997, 58, (6), 3265. 98/00631 An online system of automatic separating gangue from coal by basing on double photon absorptiometry Jin, Y. et al. He Dianzixue Yu Tance Jishu, 1997, 17, (l), 19-23. (In Chinese) Introduces an on-line system of automatic discriminating and separating the gangue from coal based on the principle of double photon absorptiometry. The system is suitable for coal samples having particle size 50-150 mm, and can treat 1.2 x lo6 tons coal annually at conveyer speed 1 m/s. The accuracy of gangue separation was better than 90% and is also suitable for ores having particle size 20-50 mm. Operation of blast furnace 98100632 Murai, R. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,194,913 [97,194,913] (Cl. C2lBS/OO), 29 Jul 1997, Appl. 9617,733, 19 Jan 1996, 7 pp. (In Japanese) Fine powder coal and Fe oxides are blow injected into blast furnaces from tuyeres at theoretical combustion temperature l%OO-2600°C by keeping the ratio of raceway depth (D) and tuyere diameter (Dj) DiDj 7.7-8.9. The method lowers costs by using an increased amount of fine powder coal and undersized sintered ores. 98100633 Operation of iron molten-bath smelting furnace Wakamatsu, S. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,272,910 [97,272,910] (Cl. C2lBll/OO), 21 Ott 1997, Appl. 96/84,10%, 5 Apr 1996. 6 pp. (In Japanese) In an Fe molten-bath smelting furnace, the apparent density of the molten slag is determined. When the density is 10.5 but
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 1998
53
Industrial energy substitution during the 1980s in 98100821 the Greek economy Caloghirou, Y. D. et al. Energy Economics, 1997, 19, (4) 477-492. The paper examines factor substitution in Greek manufacturing during the 1980s using pooled data in static and dynamic translog expenditure share models. Inputs are capital, labour, electricity and non-electrical energy. Own-price elasticities for capital and labour are inelastic, but more elastic for electricity (-0.90). Results indicate substitutability among factors in the short run. In the long run, electricity and capital are complements, as are labour and non-electrical energy. Greek manufacturing is predicted to continue decreased consumption of liquid fuels to the year 2000, continuing the electrification begun in the 1970s. On the limit of coal injection into blast furnace 98100822 Zhang, _I. Gangfie, 1996, 31, (ll), 12-16. (In Chinese) Taking into account the stock column skeleton of a blast furnace and the economy of injection, the author proposes a concept on the limit of injection of coal and the critical replacement ratio. The principles of coal injection limit and the economical rationality of large-quantity coal injection were discussed. The critical limit of coal injection can only be attained with improved permeability of the stock column and blast furnace operation. Long term operation with 200 kg/THM of pulverized 98100823 coal injection rate at Kakogawa Works Kadoguchi, K. et al. Int. Ironmaking Congr. Proc., 3rd, 1996, 72-81. The rate of pulverized coal injection (PCI) at the No. 1 blast furnace at Kakogawa Works has been increased from 100 kg/t hot metal to 201 kg/t after the PCI equipment was enlarged in October 1992. Operational problems at a PCR of 180 kg/t hot metal included the poor permeability in the blast furnace and the higher heat load to the furnace wall. Higher energy loss from the furnace wall and the poor replacement ratio were experienced. In order to solve these problems the burden distribution at the furnace top was improved to have the appropriate radius gas distribution in the furnace and to have the sharp inverse-V shaped cohesive zone. Furthermore. the blast condition including the coal injection position was adjusted. Merit of using combined cycle power units in 98100824 ferrous metallurgy Rozengart, Y. I. et al. Metall. Gornorudn. Prom-St., 1997, (1) 67-69. (In Russian) The paper supports the addition of gas turbine-driven generators to existing steam power units and suggests these turbines should run on coke oven gasblast furnace gas mixtures. 98100625 Method for charging coke to the center of bell-type blast furnace Mori, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,157,710 [97,157,710] (Cl. CZlBS/ 00) 17 Jun 1997, Appl. 95/321,929, 11 Dee 1995, 6 pp. (In Japanese) The coke is charged through a separate chute simultaneously with other raw charge through the bell, and the end point of the charging of coke is adjusted so that the coke charge is exposed at a raw charge layer. 98100826 Method for charging coke with varying strength into blast furnace Yamaguchi, R. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,2%7,007 [97,287,007] (Cl. C2lB5/00), 4 Nov 1997, Appl. 96/120,7%2, 19 Apr 1996,6 pp. (In Japanese) A blast furnace with alternative charging of iron ore and coke and blow injection of powdered carbon is described. The particle size of the coke is adjusted in response to the variation of the hot strength of the coke by adjusting the mesh size of a sieve installed underneath the coke tank. Method for simultaneous blow injection of pow98100627 dered carbon and iron source Yamaguchi, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,157,712 [97,157,712] (Cl. C21BS/OO), 17 Jun 1997, Appl. 95/337,700,4 Dee 1995, 6 pp. (In Japanese) Blow injection of an Fe source and powdered carbon into a blast furnace takes place through a separate lane inserted in a blow pipe. The lance for injection of powdered carbon is SO-500 mm away at the upstream from that for injection of Fe source. When the volatile component of the powdered carbon is >3O%, the reducing percentage of the powdered Fe source is controlled at 20. The volatile component of the powdered carbon is 98100628 Method for use of formed coke in blast furnace Yamaguchi, R. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,291,304 [97,291,304] (Cl. C21BS/OO), I1 Nov 1997, Appl. 961126,290, 24 Apr 1996, 5 pp. (In Japanese) The mesh size of the sieve under the coke tank is adjusted according to the cold strength of the formed coke in charging of coke and iron ore alternatively into a blast furnace The formed coke may be mixed with metallurgical coke. Modelling of pulverized coal injection 98100629 Wong, P. L. M. and Cheng, T.-W. Kuangye, 1997, 41, (l), 112-118. The thermochemistry in the raceway of an ironmaking blast furnace has been simulated with a computer model. As the pulverized coal injection rate is increased, the adiabatic temperature decreases considerably. The
Process
heating, power and incineration (energy applications in industry)
rate of decrease depends largely on the chemical properties of the coal, mainly the carbon content and calorific value. The maximum rate achieved at the lower limit flame temperature of 2000” ranged from 74 to 165 kg/ tonne of hot metal. The coal with the least carbon content has the least effect on the flame temperature, however, the coal/coke replacement ratio is low. Flame temperature rises with increased Oz content, but this occurs at the expense of higher consumption of coal/coke, and the coke replacement ability of coalis diminished. Pulverized coal injection increases the generation rate of reducing gases, namely CO and Hz, which is largely dependent on the chemical properties of coal. 98iOO630 Non-coke smelting reduction of iron ores: process modelling (Corex) Pichestapong, P. 1997, 271 pp. Avail. UMI, Order No. DA9736358. From Diss. Abstr. Int., B, 1997, 58, (6), 3265. 98/00631 An online system of automatic separating gangue from coal by basing on double photon absorptiometry Jin, Y. et al. He Dianzixue Yu Tance Jishu, 1997, 17, (l), 19-23. (In Chinese) Introduces an on-line system of automatic discriminating and separating the gangue from coal based on the principle of double photon absorptiometry. The system is suitable for coal samples having particle size 50-150 mm, and can treat 1.2 x lo6 tons coal annually at conveyer speed 1 m/s. The accuracy of gangue separation was better than 90% and is also suitable for ores having particle size 20-50 mm. Operation of blast furnace 98100632 Murai, R. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,194,913 [97,194,913] (Cl. C2lBS/OO), 29 Jul 1997, Appl. 9617,733, 19 Jan 1996, 7 pp. (In Japanese) Fine powder coal and Fe oxides are blow injected into blast furnaces from tuyeres at theoretical combustion temperature l%OO-2600°C by keeping the ratio of raceway depth (D) and tuyere diameter (Dj) DiDj 7.7-8.9. The method lowers costs by using an increased amount of fine powder coal and undersized sintered ores. 98100633 Operation of iron molten-bath smelting furnace Wakamatsu, S. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,272,910 [97,272,910] (Cl. C2lBll/OO), 21 Ott 1997, Appl. 96/84,10%, 5 Apr 1996. 6 pp. (In Japanese) In an Fe molten-bath smelting furnace, the apparent density of the molten slag is determined. When the density is 10.5 but
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 1998
53