- Email: [email protected]
oil coprocessing
01
So/id fuels (preparation)
This paper summarizes data, gathered from literature and from private communications, concerning slurry pond quantity estimates, quality trends. washahility relationships, material recovery, and case studies.
Proton magnetic resonance thermal analysis in 97103467 coal research: a users overview Lewitt, M. W. and Lowe, A. J. Thrrmochim. Acta, lYY7, 294, (I), 13-21. The paper provides an overview of the principles, capabilities, and applications of proton magnetic resonance thermal analysis (PMRTA) is given. Its range of possible applications is described and results from some recent studies are discussed. PMRTA enables the dynamic state of materials with significant hydrogen contents to he investigated during pyrolysis. This technique uses pulsed proton NMR ‘broad line’ spectroscopy as the means of determining the hehaviour of the sample under investigation. ‘H NMR measurements are made at intervals throughout the temperature programme, permitting the progress of thermal transformations to be determined The solid echo signals obtained for a rigid lattice are representative of the entire hydrogen population of the sample and the peak echo is a measure of the total hydrogen content. Deviations from this situation during pyrolysis require corrections. The hydrogen content can therefore he monitored semi-quantatively in the residual sample throughout the temperature program. Thermoplastic events, material loss and interactions between materials can he detected and properties predicted using validated correlations with data from established methods of analysis It may he applied to materials which contain a significant amount of Hz and minimal moisture or magnetic material. The instrument was originally developed at CSIRO, Australia, for use in the investigation of coals and related materials. Correlations of PMRTA parameters with a range of coal properties were established with a suite of Australian coals, which have since been developed further with a suite of UK and international coals. Recent studies are described and potential future applications for the technique suggested. PSD characteristics for different rank coals and 97103466 their effects on slurryability Zhu, S. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf Coal Util. Fuel Syst. 1996, 21st, 245-250. Grinding of a series of Chinese coal samples with broad coalification range took place in a laboratory hatch mill. The particle size distribution (PSD) of each coal sample was measured by Malvern Laser Sizer Analyser. In addition to the low equilibrium moisture and oxygen content. the good slurryability for coking coals are partly attributed to the suitable PSD produced from direct milling. By adjusting PSD for other rank coals to the PSD close to the coking coals. the slurryability difference between them was reduced. Recovery of coal from preparation plant effluents 97103469 using a packed column Choudhry, V. et al. Proc. Int. Tech. Cortf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1993, 18, 257-268.
The results of work performed under a project funded by the Illinois Clean Coal Institute between 1990 and 1992 to demonstrate the feasibility of recovering coal from coal preparation plant waste (or effluent) streams at the pilot scale using the packed column flotation process is reported. Relationship between properties and conversions 97lQ3470 of north Bohemian coals during coal/oil coprocessing Cerny, J. et al. Fuel Process. Tech&. 1997, 50, (2,3), 235-247. Several analytical methods were implemented to characterize 11 low rank coals from North Bohemian mines. Along with common proximate and ultimate analysis, spectroscopic techniques, porosity measurement, extractability and swelling in organic solvents were used. Despite similar origin, some characteristics largely differed from one coal to another. Coals were coprocessed with petroleum vacuum residue at 440°C for 1 h and yields of reaction products and coal conversions were determined. Despite the differences in composition and properties, the coals provided similar conversions and yields of distillable reaction products. A small positive effect on coal conversion was found for ash content and microporosity of coals. However, a small negative effect was found for carbon content, optical reflectance and solvent extractability of coals. Research of reagent adsorption capacity on coals 97103471 Xiao, B. et al. Ranliao Huaxue Xuehao, 1997, 25, (2), 185-188. (In Chinese) The influence of coal composition on reagent adsorption capacity is examined by measuring the amount of reagent adsorbed on coals of different rank, followed with computer analysis. The main influential factors discovered from the results are presented. Resources for secondary fuel from beneficiation 97103472 wastes and prospects for its recovery Zolotko, A. A. Ugol’ Likr., 1996, (12) 36-38. (In Russian) Coal mining and heneficiation wastes accumulated between 1958-1995 were studied in order to estimate potential coal resources. A universal scheme for coal recovery from these wastes is given.
294
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
September
1997
97103473 Escenazy, G.
Scandium
in Bulgarian
coals
God. Sofii. Univ. ‘Sv. Kliment Okhridski’. Kn. I, 1996. 89, (1) 205-217. (In Bulgarian)
Geol.-Geogr.
Fak.,
Using data from I3 Bulgarian coal deposits, the geochemical hehaviour of scandium during the formation of coal was studied. The SC concentration was determined by neutron activation analyses. The average concentration of SC in coal from these deposits varies from 0.9 to 10 ppm. SC is mostly inorganically bound. In coal from all the deposits, part of scandium exhibits an organic affinity. The main source of SC in the coals is most prohahly the detrital material in-fluxed into the peat bag. The increased acidity of the peat hag favoured the release of scandium adsorbed on the clays. Some of the source rocks contain two-three times more SC compared to the clarke values for granites. It could he supposed that the relatively higher SC content in coals from this deposit is related to the volcanic activity in the region. 97103474 A study of the properties of n-alkanes film on the surface of low-rank coals and their surface free energy changes Janczuk. B. et al. Pal. .I. Appl. Gem., 1996 (Pub. 1997), 40. (3). 237-246. The contact angle was measured in the systems: (I) coal/n-alkane filmwater drop-air, (2) coal/n-alkane film-diiodomethane drop-air and (3) coal/ n-alkane film-diacetone alcohol drop-air. Four low-rank coals and nhexane, n-undecane and n-hexadecane were used for the studies. The dispersion and non-dispersion components of the surface free energy of coals precovered with n-alkane film were calculated from the modified Young equation. Using the literature data, the work of n-alkane spreading over the coal surface was calculated, and the contact angle of diacetone alcohol on the coal/n-alkane film surface was estimated and compared with the measured one. Based on these results, it is suggested that a very stable n-alkane film is formed on the coal surface as a result of spreading of the wetting process, which, first of all. reduces the dispersion component of the surface free energy ot coal and partially blocks the polar interaction of the coal surface with the liquid phase. Swelling and dissolution of the macromolecular 97103475 structure of bituminous coals Peppas, N. A. Polymer, 1997, 38. (13) 3425-3427. In methylene chloride and DMF. the disintegration/swelling force of thin samples of hituminous coal was determined. The results were analysed with a mechanistic model identifying diffusional and relaxational mechanisms. 97163476 Thermal analysis of Beypazari lignite, Turkey Kok, M. V. .I. Therm. Anal.. 1997, 49, (2), 617-625. Various techniques were implemented to study Beypazari lignite: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG). high pressure thermogravimetry (HPTG) and combustion cell experiments. All the experiments were conducted at non-isothermal heating conditions with a heating rate of 10°C min ‘, in the temperature range of 20-7OO’C. DSC-TG data were analysed using an Arrhenius-type reactton model assuming a first-order reaction. For the HPTG data, the Coats and Redfern equation was used for kinetic analysis In the combustion cell experiments the Fassihi and Brigham approach was used to calculate kinetic data. Finally a comparison is made between the kinetic results. 97103477 Use of corelles geological and geophysical technology for coal prospecting Zaichonko, V. Y. Razved. Okhr. Nedr, 1997, (2). 31-35. (In Russian) Reviews the geological and geophysical methods for coal prospecting.
Preparation 97lO3470 Advanced froth flotation techniques for fine coal cleaning Yoon, R.-H. and Luttrell, G. H. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Frrel Syst. 1994, 19, 793-803. In the treatment of fine coal, advanced column flotation cells offer many potential advantages. The primary benefit is the ahility to achieve high separation efficiencies using only a single stage of processing. Unfortunately, in comparison to mechanical-agitated conventional cells, industrial flotation columns often suffer from poor recovery, low throughput and high maintenance requirements. These problems can usually be attributed to poorly designed air sparging systems. This article examines this problem in greater detail and offers useful guidelines for designing huhhle generators for industrial flotation columns. The application of these principles in the design of a successful advanced fine coal flotation circuit is also presented. 97103479 Atomization of ultra-clean micronized CWS Zhang, W. et al. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst.. 1996, 21, 251257. Coal containing less than 0.8% ash was used in the laboratory preparation of micronized coal water slurries. The slurry concentration is 50-56s and viscosity less than 600 mPas. An atomization test rig with diesel oil nozzle was used for the slurries. Preliminary conclusions indicate the slurry can he atomized as well as diesel oil in the working condition of diesel engine.
So/id fuels (preparation)
This paper summarizes data, gathered from literature and from private communications, concerning slurry pond quantity estimates, quality trends. washahility relationships, material recovery, and case studies.
Proton magnetic resonance thermal analysis in 97103467 coal research: a users overview Lewitt, M. W. and Lowe, A. J. Thrrmochim. Acta, lYY7, 294, (I), 13-21. The paper provides an overview of the principles, capabilities, and applications of proton magnetic resonance thermal analysis (PMRTA) is given. Its range of possible applications is described and results from some recent studies are discussed. PMRTA enables the dynamic state of materials with significant hydrogen contents to he investigated during pyrolysis. This technique uses pulsed proton NMR ‘broad line’ spectroscopy as the means of determining the hehaviour of the sample under investigation. ‘H NMR measurements are made at intervals throughout the temperature programme, permitting the progress of thermal transformations to be determined The solid echo signals obtained for a rigid lattice are representative of the entire hydrogen population of the sample and the peak echo is a measure of the total hydrogen content. Deviations from this situation during pyrolysis require corrections. The hydrogen content can therefore he monitored semi-quantatively in the residual sample throughout the temperature program. Thermoplastic events, material loss and interactions between materials can he detected and properties predicted using validated correlations with data from established methods of analysis It may he applied to materials which contain a significant amount of Hz and minimal moisture or magnetic material. The instrument was originally developed at CSIRO, Australia, for use in the investigation of coals and related materials. Correlations of PMRTA parameters with a range of coal properties were established with a suite of Australian coals, which have since been developed further with a suite of UK and international coals. Recent studies are described and potential future applications for the technique suggested. PSD characteristics for different rank coals and 97103466 their effects on slurryability Zhu, S. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf Coal Util. Fuel Syst. 1996, 21st, 245-250. Grinding of a series of Chinese coal samples with broad coalification range took place in a laboratory hatch mill. The particle size distribution (PSD) of each coal sample was measured by Malvern Laser Sizer Analyser. In addition to the low equilibrium moisture and oxygen content. the good slurryability for coking coals are partly attributed to the suitable PSD produced from direct milling. By adjusting PSD for other rank coals to the PSD close to the coking coals. the slurryability difference between them was reduced. Recovery of coal from preparation plant effluents 97103469 using a packed column Choudhry, V. et al. Proc. Int. Tech. Cortf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1993, 18, 257-268.
The results of work performed under a project funded by the Illinois Clean Coal Institute between 1990 and 1992 to demonstrate the feasibility of recovering coal from coal preparation plant waste (or effluent) streams at the pilot scale using the packed column flotation process is reported. Relationship between properties and conversions 97lQ3470 of north Bohemian coals during coal/oil coprocessing Cerny, J. et al. Fuel Process. Tech&. 1997, 50, (2,3), 235-247. Several analytical methods were implemented to characterize 11 low rank coals from North Bohemian mines. Along with common proximate and ultimate analysis, spectroscopic techniques, porosity measurement, extractability and swelling in organic solvents were used. Despite similar origin, some characteristics largely differed from one coal to another. Coals were coprocessed with petroleum vacuum residue at 440°C for 1 h and yields of reaction products and coal conversions were determined. Despite the differences in composition and properties, the coals provided similar conversions and yields of distillable reaction products. A small positive effect on coal conversion was found for ash content and microporosity of coals. However, a small negative effect was found for carbon content, optical reflectance and solvent extractability of coals. Research of reagent adsorption capacity on coals 97103471 Xiao, B. et al. Ranliao Huaxue Xuehao, 1997, 25, (2), 185-188. (In Chinese) The influence of coal composition on reagent adsorption capacity is examined by measuring the amount of reagent adsorbed on coals of different rank, followed with computer analysis. The main influential factors discovered from the results are presented. Resources for secondary fuel from beneficiation 97103472 wastes and prospects for its recovery Zolotko, A. A. Ugol’ Likr., 1996, (12) 36-38. (In Russian) Coal mining and heneficiation wastes accumulated between 1958-1995 were studied in order to estimate potential coal resources. A universal scheme for coal recovery from these wastes is given.
294
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
September
1997
97103473 Escenazy, G.
Scandium
in Bulgarian
coals
God. Sofii. Univ. ‘Sv. Kliment Okhridski’. Kn. I, 1996. 89, (1) 205-217. (In Bulgarian)
Geol.-Geogr.
Fak.,
Using data from I3 Bulgarian coal deposits, the geochemical hehaviour of scandium during the formation of coal was studied. The SC concentration was determined by neutron activation analyses. The average concentration of SC in coal from these deposits varies from 0.9 to 10 ppm. SC is mostly inorganically bound. In coal from all the deposits, part of scandium exhibits an organic affinity. The main source of SC in the coals is most prohahly the detrital material in-fluxed into the peat bag. The increased acidity of the peat hag favoured the release of scandium adsorbed on the clays. Some of the source rocks contain two-three times more SC compared to the clarke values for granites. It could he supposed that the relatively higher SC content in coals from this deposit is related to the volcanic activity in the region. 97103474 A study of the properties of n-alkanes film on the surface of low-rank coals and their surface free energy changes Janczuk. B. et al. Pal. .I. Appl. Gem., 1996 (Pub. 1997), 40. (3). 237-246. The contact angle was measured in the systems: (I) coal/n-alkane filmwater drop-air, (2) coal/n-alkane film-diiodomethane drop-air and (3) coal/ n-alkane film-diacetone alcohol drop-air. Four low-rank coals and nhexane, n-undecane and n-hexadecane were used for the studies. The dispersion and non-dispersion components of the surface free energy of coals precovered with n-alkane film were calculated from the modified Young equation. Using the literature data, the work of n-alkane spreading over the coal surface was calculated, and the contact angle of diacetone alcohol on the coal/n-alkane film surface was estimated and compared with the measured one. Based on these results, it is suggested that a very stable n-alkane film is formed on the coal surface as a result of spreading of the wetting process, which, first of all. reduces the dispersion component of the surface free energy ot coal and partially blocks the polar interaction of the coal surface with the liquid phase. Swelling and dissolution of the macromolecular 97103475 structure of bituminous coals Peppas, N. A. Polymer, 1997, 38. (13) 3425-3427. In methylene chloride and DMF. the disintegration/swelling force of thin samples of hituminous coal was determined. The results were analysed with a mechanistic model identifying diffusional and relaxational mechanisms. 97163476 Thermal analysis of Beypazari lignite, Turkey Kok, M. V. .I. Therm. Anal.. 1997, 49, (2), 617-625. Various techniques were implemented to study Beypazari lignite: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG). high pressure thermogravimetry (HPTG) and combustion cell experiments. All the experiments were conducted at non-isothermal heating conditions with a heating rate of 10°C min ‘, in the temperature range of 20-7OO’C. DSC-TG data were analysed using an Arrhenius-type reactton model assuming a first-order reaction. For the HPTG data, the Coats and Redfern equation was used for kinetic analysis In the combustion cell experiments the Fassihi and Brigham approach was used to calculate kinetic data. Finally a comparison is made between the kinetic results. 97103477 Use of corelles geological and geophysical technology for coal prospecting Zaichonko, V. Y. Razved. Okhr. Nedr, 1997, (2). 31-35. (In Russian) Reviews the geological and geophysical methods for coal prospecting.
Preparation 97lO3470 Advanced froth flotation techniques for fine coal cleaning Yoon, R.-H. and Luttrell, G. H. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Frrel Syst. 1994, 19, 793-803. In the treatment of fine coal, advanced column flotation cells offer many potential advantages. The primary benefit is the ahility to achieve high separation efficiencies using only a single stage of processing. Unfortunately, in comparison to mechanical-agitated conventional cells, industrial flotation columns often suffer from poor recovery, low throughput and high maintenance requirements. These problems can usually be attributed to poorly designed air sparging systems. This article examines this problem in greater detail and offers useful guidelines for designing huhhle generators for industrial flotation columns. The application of these principles in the design of a successful advanced fine coal flotation circuit is also presented. 97103479 Atomization of ultra-clean micronized CWS Zhang, W. et al. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst.. 1996, 21, 251257. Coal containing less than 0.8% ash was used in the laboratory preparation of micronized coal water slurries. The slurry concentration is 50-56s and viscosity less than 600 mPas. An atomization test rig with diesel oil nozzle was used for the slurries. Preliminary conclusions indicate the slurry can he atomized as well as diesel oil in the working condition of diesel engine.