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04551 Manufacture of hydrocarbon oil by pyrolysis of synthetic polymer
02
distinctly different reaction pathways. In the initial stage of dissolution of the bituminous coal, and major reaction with increasing conversion is the production of asphaltenes plus pre-asphaltenes (A + P). During this stage, the oil plus gas (0 + G) yields remains fairly constant The second stage of this pathway begins when the coal conversion and A + P yields reach a maximum. The major reactions taking place in the second stage is the conversion of A + P to 0 + G. In the initial stage of the sub-bituminous coal pathway, both A + P and 0 + G yields increase with increasing coal conversion. The second stage of the sub-hituminous pathway begins when the A + P yields reach a maximum. In this stage, coal conversion increases moderately: however. the major reaction is the conversion of A + P to 0 + G.
Manufacture method of liquid fuel oils using carbon 97104549 dioxide-containing natural gas as raw material Kaoru, F. er al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,208,974 {97,208,974] (Cl. ClOL3100). 12 Aug 1907, Appl. 96133.167. 2Y Jan 1996, 7 pp. (In Japanese) Liquid fuel oils are manufactured by mixing natural gas containing >20 vol.% with steam and air, and reforming in a reactor, in the presence of catalvst and using the heat of combustion, to manufacture a synthesis gas containing H and CO. The synthesis gas was directed to a Fischer-Tropsch reactor without further separation of steam and N, in the presence of catalyst. to convert the synthesis gas to hydrocarbon gas, liquid fuel oil and wax. The effluents wcrc then fed to a distillation tower for separation into hydrocarbon gases, naphtha fraction and kerosene-light oil fraction. The wax fraction is decomposed by a pyrolysis apparatus to convert to H and/or hydrocarbon gas and/or liquid fuel oil. it is then recycled to the distillation tower. The separated hydrocarbon gas is then combusted with air in a combustion apparatus in the presence of a catalyst and the heat generated from the combustion is recovered by a heat exchanger.
97lO4550 of synthetic
Manufacture of fuel oils by thermal polymers with sulfur-free initiators
Kiso, Y. and Shimamoto, K. Jpn. [Y7,221.683] (Cl. CIOGIIIO), 26 Aug pp. (In Japanese) At temperature of 300-600 C in the compounds which form free radicals, The process is especially suitahle for
97/04551 synthetic
Manufacture polymer
decomposition
Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09.221,683 IYY7. Appl. 96/51,047,14 Feb lY96, 6 presence of 0.01-10 wt’% organic N synthetic polymers are decomposed. recycling of waste plastics.
of hydrocarbon
oil by pyrolysis
of
Kiso, Y. and Shimamoto, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,227,87X [97,227,X78] (Cl. CIOGl/lO), 2 Sep 1997, Appl. 96158,488, 21 Feb 1996, 5 pp. (In Japanese) The pyrolysis conditions for the manufacture of a synthetic polymer are as follows: 300-6OO”C, in the presence of 0.01-10 wt% vie-diaryl-alkane Ar’R’R’CR’R4Ar(Ar’~” = aromatic; Rlm4 = alkyl) as a radical initiator. Waste plastics can he pyrolysed to produce a fuel oil. The radical initiator gives low-viscosity oils in a high yield.
97lO4552
Manufacture
of oils from plastics
Kiso, Y. et ul. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,221.681 [97,22l,fi31] (Cl. ClOGl/lO), 26 Aug 1997, Appl. 96/29,614, 16 Feb 1996, 6 pp. (In Japanese) This process has high production efficiency and entails the pyrolysis of plastics in the presence of dealuminated zeolites.
97/04553 domestic
Methanol-based use
synthetic
fuel
composition
for
Wu. Y. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1,096,809 (Cl. CIOLI/O2), 2X Dee 1994. Appl. 93,107,56X, 24 Jun 1993, 5 pp. (In Chinese) The composition of the fuel contains SO-80 raw methanol and 20-50 wt% additives containing carbon black, methane, potassium permanganate industrial ethanol, sulfurized glycerin, toluene, steam, formaldehyde, emulsifying agent, etc.
97104554 plastics
Method and apparatus
for recovering
of diesel
One per cent aqueous solution of ethanol, sodium chloride and sodium sulfate is employed for demulsifying, followed by dewatering and drying using calcium chloride. Finally, it is blended with diesel additives.
97104556 Operation method and stirring adjusting apparatus for manufacture of high-concentration coal water mixtures Nomyama. F. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08,337,784 [96,337,784] (Cl. ClOLIi32). 24 Dee 1996, Appl. 95/170,29X, I3 Jun 1995, 5 pp. (In Japanese) The apparatus comprises a horizontal cylindrical stirring apparatus is described. It consists of a stirring chamber using hard rubber as inner lining, a double mechanical seal having a CWMisealant seal part made of hard alloy or ceramics and a sealant/atmosphere seal part made of hard alloy or ceramics or their carbon composites. stirring vanes made of hard alloys, a sealant supply apparatus, and a pressure-control device hy comparing the sealant supplying pressure and pressure of the stirring chamber for control of desired pressure.
Pilot-scale studies using a hydrocyclone and froth 97lO4557 flotation for the production of beneficiated coal fractions for improved coal liquefaction Cloke, M. er al. Fuel. 1997. 76, (13). 1217-1223. Pilot-scale density and froth flotation methods produced kilogram quantities of coal fractions. In the density separations a dense-liquid hydrocyclone was used with calcium nitrate solution as the dense medium. Three coals were used in the study: Point of Ayr, Blidworth and Bilsthorpc. and the resultant coal fractions were liquefied in a 2 1. autoclave using a hydrogenated anthracene oil solvent. For froth flotation, studies were carried out on Bilsthorpe coal using a laboratory flotation column and a Jameson cell and the final concentrates were liquefied in the 2 L autoclave. The results obtained show that heneficiation processes such as there could he applied at full scale and that, within the total coal complex, the production of the overflow fraction could be optimized and the much smaller underflow fraction then directed to gasification and combustion reactors.
97104556 water fuel
Preparation
and gasification
of a Thailand
coal-
Ness, R. 0. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittshwgh Coul Cotrf.. 1996, 1.3. (1). 443448. The Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) in Thailand carried out an inquiry and in response the Energy and Environment Research Center (EERC) prepared a four-task programme to assess the responsiveness of Wiang Haeng coal to the temperature and pressure conditions of hot-water drying (HWD). HWD made several improvements in the coal, notably increases in heating value and carbon content and reductions in equilibrium moisture and oxygen content. Details are given.
97lQ4559 Prevention of deposition of waste styrene-base plastics on feeders of furnaces for pyrolysis of waste plastics for fuel oil manufacture Aoba, T. and Tanaka, Y. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09.235.561 [97,235,561] (Cl. ClOGlIIO), 9, Sep 1997, Appl. Yhi42.633, 29 Feb 1996. 7 pp. (In Japanese) Waste styrene-base plastics are mixed with carbon powders, prior to supplying to the pyrolysis furnaces, to prevent adhesion of the plastics on feeders.
Process 97104560 tar sands to oil
and apparatus
for converting
oil shale or
Kirkbride, C. G. Can. Pat. Appl. CA 2,18X,897 (Cl. CIOGl/Oh), 25 Nov 1996, US Appl. 551,019, 31 Ott 1995, 34 pp. The presents a continuous process for producing synthetic crude oil from oil-bearing material. It involves continuous loading, calcining and unloading operations in three triangularly placed reactor tubes that are loaded with oil-bearing material from a common feed source. The waste solids from the process are mixed with the organic component of municipal refuse and/or compost to form a soil amendment. Spent shale from the process may be used as a raw material in cement manufacture.
oil from waste
Horizoe, H. et ul. PCT Int. Appl. WO 97 31,990 (Cl. CIOGIIIO), 4 Sep 1997, JP Appl. 96/69,049, 29 Feb.1996 43 pp. (In Japanese) An oil from waste plastics recovery method, with no problems when thermosetting resin or solid foreign matters are mixed. is reported. The load of a pre-processing separating process for urban refuse or industrial wastes is remarkably reduced.
Method for production 97lQ4555 middle- or low-temperature coal tar
Liquid fuels (derived liquid fuels)
fuel
by using
Hu. W. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1,097,210 (Cl. CIOGS3/tIO), I I Jan 1995, Appl. 93.107.496. 3 Jul 1993, 7 pp. (In Chinese) First of all. Impurities are removed hy acid treatment with YS-98% sulfuric acid and subicctcd to alkali wash with 10-300/F sodium hydroxide. Next, 520% sodium- hydrogen carbonate is used for neutralization to obtain a refined tar oil. The obtained oil is washed using aqueous solution of FeCI,; it then undergoes precipitating separation for further impurity removal.
97104561 Process hydrocarbon oils
for pyrolysis
of waste plastics
to produce
Takada, K. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP OY,227,877 [97,227,877] (Cl. ClOGl/lO), 2 Sep 1907, Appl. 96137.741, 26 Feb 1996, 7 pp. (In Japanese) Waste plastics are heated at 40%500°C. The product oil (gas) is passed through a solid acid catalyst heated at 400-5OO’C. In the 3rd stage, the product oil is passed through a (Pt or Pd)/(AlzO+ SiOJ, or activated C) or (MnzOi, FeO, NiO, or Coz04)/(Alz02, SiO,. or activated C) catalyst heated at 400-5OO’C. Organic acids are removed from the product oil at the third stage, which can be used as a fuel oil. Polyolefin-type wastes containing 0 and N can be treated by the process.
97104562 Production of ethanol from recycled paper sludge using cellulase and yeast, Kloveromyces marxianus Lark, N. et al. Biomass nnd Bioenergy, 1997, 12, (2) 135-143. With the projected increase of paper recycling (10% annually) for the next few years, the recycled paper sludge (RPS) generated during repulping will naturally increase accordingly. The typical RPS has an average content of
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November
1997
395
distinctly different reaction pathways. In the initial stage of dissolution of the bituminous coal, and major reaction with increasing conversion is the production of asphaltenes plus pre-asphaltenes (A + P). During this stage, the oil plus gas (0 + G) yields remains fairly constant The second stage of this pathway begins when the coal conversion and A + P yields reach a maximum. The major reactions taking place in the second stage is the conversion of A + P to 0 + G. In the initial stage of the sub-bituminous coal pathway, both A + P and 0 + G yields increase with increasing coal conversion. The second stage of the sub-hituminous pathway begins when the A + P yields reach a maximum. In this stage, coal conversion increases moderately: however. the major reaction is the conversion of A + P to 0 + G.
Manufacture method of liquid fuel oils using carbon 97104549 dioxide-containing natural gas as raw material Kaoru, F. er al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,208,974 {97,208,974] (Cl. ClOL3100). 12 Aug 1907, Appl. 96133.167. 2Y Jan 1996, 7 pp. (In Japanese) Liquid fuel oils are manufactured by mixing natural gas containing >20 vol.% with steam and air, and reforming in a reactor, in the presence of catalvst and using the heat of combustion, to manufacture a synthesis gas containing H and CO. The synthesis gas was directed to a Fischer-Tropsch reactor without further separation of steam and N, in the presence of catalyst. to convert the synthesis gas to hydrocarbon gas, liquid fuel oil and wax. The effluents wcrc then fed to a distillation tower for separation into hydrocarbon gases, naphtha fraction and kerosene-light oil fraction. The wax fraction is decomposed by a pyrolysis apparatus to convert to H and/or hydrocarbon gas and/or liquid fuel oil. it is then recycled to the distillation tower. The separated hydrocarbon gas is then combusted with air in a combustion apparatus in the presence of a catalyst and the heat generated from the combustion is recovered by a heat exchanger.
97lO4550 of synthetic
Manufacture of fuel oils by thermal polymers with sulfur-free initiators
Kiso, Y. and Shimamoto, K. Jpn. [Y7,221.683] (Cl. CIOGIIIO), 26 Aug pp. (In Japanese) At temperature of 300-600 C in the compounds which form free radicals, The process is especially suitahle for
97/04551 synthetic
Manufacture polymer
decomposition
Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09.221,683 IYY7. Appl. 96/51,047,14 Feb lY96, 6 presence of 0.01-10 wt’% organic N synthetic polymers are decomposed. recycling of waste plastics.
of hydrocarbon
oil by pyrolysis
of
Kiso, Y. and Shimamoto, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,227,87X [97,227,X78] (Cl. CIOGl/lO), 2 Sep 1997, Appl. 96158,488, 21 Feb 1996, 5 pp. (In Japanese) The pyrolysis conditions for the manufacture of a synthetic polymer are as follows: 300-6OO”C, in the presence of 0.01-10 wt% vie-diaryl-alkane Ar’R’R’CR’R4Ar(Ar’~” = aromatic; Rlm4 = alkyl) as a radical initiator. Waste plastics can he pyrolysed to produce a fuel oil. The radical initiator gives low-viscosity oils in a high yield.
97lO4552
Manufacture
of oils from plastics
Kiso, Y. et ul. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,221.681 [97,22l,fi31] (Cl. ClOGl/lO), 26 Aug 1997, Appl. 96/29,614, 16 Feb 1996, 6 pp. (In Japanese) This process has high production efficiency and entails the pyrolysis of plastics in the presence of dealuminated zeolites.
97/04553 domestic
Methanol-based use
synthetic
fuel
composition
for
Wu. Y. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1,096,809 (Cl. CIOLI/O2), 2X Dee 1994. Appl. 93,107,56X, 24 Jun 1993, 5 pp. (In Chinese) The composition of the fuel contains SO-80 raw methanol and 20-50 wt% additives containing carbon black, methane, potassium permanganate industrial ethanol, sulfurized glycerin, toluene, steam, formaldehyde, emulsifying agent, etc.
97104554 plastics
Method and apparatus
for recovering
of diesel
One per cent aqueous solution of ethanol, sodium chloride and sodium sulfate is employed for demulsifying, followed by dewatering and drying using calcium chloride. Finally, it is blended with diesel additives.
97104556 Operation method and stirring adjusting apparatus for manufacture of high-concentration coal water mixtures Nomyama. F. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08,337,784 [96,337,784] (Cl. ClOLIi32). 24 Dee 1996, Appl. 95/170,29X, I3 Jun 1995, 5 pp. (In Japanese) The apparatus comprises a horizontal cylindrical stirring apparatus is described. It consists of a stirring chamber using hard rubber as inner lining, a double mechanical seal having a CWMisealant seal part made of hard alloy or ceramics and a sealant/atmosphere seal part made of hard alloy or ceramics or their carbon composites. stirring vanes made of hard alloys, a sealant supply apparatus, and a pressure-control device hy comparing the sealant supplying pressure and pressure of the stirring chamber for control of desired pressure.
Pilot-scale studies using a hydrocyclone and froth 97lO4557 flotation for the production of beneficiated coal fractions for improved coal liquefaction Cloke, M. er al. Fuel. 1997. 76, (13). 1217-1223. Pilot-scale density and froth flotation methods produced kilogram quantities of coal fractions. In the density separations a dense-liquid hydrocyclone was used with calcium nitrate solution as the dense medium. Three coals were used in the study: Point of Ayr, Blidworth and Bilsthorpc. and the resultant coal fractions were liquefied in a 2 1. autoclave using a hydrogenated anthracene oil solvent. For froth flotation, studies were carried out on Bilsthorpe coal using a laboratory flotation column and a Jameson cell and the final concentrates were liquefied in the 2 L autoclave. The results obtained show that heneficiation processes such as there could he applied at full scale and that, within the total coal complex, the production of the overflow fraction could be optimized and the much smaller underflow fraction then directed to gasification and combustion reactors.
97104556 water fuel
Preparation
and gasification
of a Thailand
coal-
Ness, R. 0. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittshwgh Coul Cotrf.. 1996, 1.3. (1). 443448. The Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) in Thailand carried out an inquiry and in response the Energy and Environment Research Center (EERC) prepared a four-task programme to assess the responsiveness of Wiang Haeng coal to the temperature and pressure conditions of hot-water drying (HWD). HWD made several improvements in the coal, notably increases in heating value and carbon content and reductions in equilibrium moisture and oxygen content. Details are given.
97lQ4559 Prevention of deposition of waste styrene-base plastics on feeders of furnaces for pyrolysis of waste plastics for fuel oil manufacture Aoba, T. and Tanaka, Y. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09.235.561 [97,235,561] (Cl. ClOGlIIO), 9, Sep 1997, Appl. Yhi42.633, 29 Feb 1996. 7 pp. (In Japanese) Waste styrene-base plastics are mixed with carbon powders, prior to supplying to the pyrolysis furnaces, to prevent adhesion of the plastics on feeders.
Process 97104560 tar sands to oil
and apparatus
for converting
oil shale or
Kirkbride, C. G. Can. Pat. Appl. CA 2,18X,897 (Cl. CIOGl/Oh), 25 Nov 1996, US Appl. 551,019, 31 Ott 1995, 34 pp. The presents a continuous process for producing synthetic crude oil from oil-bearing material. It involves continuous loading, calcining and unloading operations in three triangularly placed reactor tubes that are loaded with oil-bearing material from a common feed source. The waste solids from the process are mixed with the organic component of municipal refuse and/or compost to form a soil amendment. Spent shale from the process may be used as a raw material in cement manufacture.
oil from waste
Horizoe, H. et ul. PCT Int. Appl. WO 97 31,990 (Cl. CIOGIIIO), 4 Sep 1997, JP Appl. 96/69,049, 29 Feb.1996 43 pp. (In Japanese) An oil from waste plastics recovery method, with no problems when thermosetting resin or solid foreign matters are mixed. is reported. The load of a pre-processing separating process for urban refuse or industrial wastes is remarkably reduced.
Method for production 97lQ4555 middle- or low-temperature coal tar
Liquid fuels (derived liquid fuels)
fuel
by using
Hu. W. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1,097,210 (Cl. CIOGS3/tIO), I I Jan 1995, Appl. 93.107.496. 3 Jul 1993, 7 pp. (In Chinese) First of all. Impurities are removed hy acid treatment with YS-98% sulfuric acid and subicctcd to alkali wash with 10-300/F sodium hydroxide. Next, 520% sodium- hydrogen carbonate is used for neutralization to obtain a refined tar oil. The obtained oil is washed using aqueous solution of FeCI,; it then undergoes precipitating separation for further impurity removal.
97104561 Process hydrocarbon oils
for pyrolysis
of waste plastics
to produce
Takada, K. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP OY,227,877 [97,227,877] (Cl. ClOGl/lO), 2 Sep 1907, Appl. 96137.741, 26 Feb 1996, 7 pp. (In Japanese) Waste plastics are heated at 40%500°C. The product oil (gas) is passed through a solid acid catalyst heated at 400-5OO’C. In the 3rd stage, the product oil is passed through a (Pt or Pd)/(AlzO+ SiOJ, or activated C) or (MnzOi, FeO, NiO, or Coz04)/(Alz02, SiO,. or activated C) catalyst heated at 400-5OO’C. Organic acids are removed from the product oil at the third stage, which can be used as a fuel oil. Polyolefin-type wastes containing 0 and N can be treated by the process.
97104562 Production of ethanol from recycled paper sludge using cellulase and yeast, Kloveromyces marxianus Lark, N. et al. Biomass nnd Bioenergy, 1997, 12, (2) 135-143. With the projected increase of paper recycling (10% annually) for the next few years, the recycled paper sludge (RPS) generated during repulping will naturally increase accordingly. The typical RPS has an average content of
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November
1997
395