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00909 Coal structural models
01
Solid fuels (sources,
01
winning, properties)
SOLID FUELS Sources,
Winning,
Properties
Analysis of clay minerals in Turkish coal from a 98lOQ902 washery using Btscaye’s method
Hussain, S. A. et al. Chim. Acta Turc., 1997, 25, (2), 59-62. Zonguldak bituminous coal from a washery flotation plant feed in Turkey was anaiysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The aim was to determine qualitatively as well as semi-quantitatively its clay mineral content. For qualitative determination of the clay minerals, pre-treatment of the coal samples was carried out to remove organic matter before XRD analysis. The presence of three clay minerals (i.e. kaoiinite, iiiite and chlorite) was verified by XRD analysis on coal samples after cool oxygen plasma oxidation to yield low-temperature ash for the analysis. For semiquantitative analysis, Biscaye’s method for sediments was used. Using this method a semi-quantitative result was obtained for clay minerals, with kaoiinite SO%, illite 30% and chlorite 20%. 98foo903
The chemical structure and properties of bitumens of different origin
Baginska, Discusses
9ai06964
K. and Gawel, I. Pet. Coal, 1996, 38, (Z), 35-37. the structural differences of the Ural and Venezuelan
bitumens.
Coal as a colloidal system
Jasienko, S. and Gerus-Piasecka, I. Chemical Fiz. Wegla, 1995, 221-243. (In Polish). Edited by Jasienko, S., Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej, Wroclaw, Poland. Topics discussed include properties and colloidal structure of coal, coalification effect on coal colloidal structure, colloidal model of coal structure, changes in colloidal structure of coals during coking, and properties and structure of colloidal coal extracts.
Coal basins in Poland 98/00905 Jasienko, S. Chemical Fiz. We&, 1995, 55-89. (In Polish). Edited by Jasienko, S., Oficyna Wydawnicza Poiitechniki, Wroclawskiej, Wroclaw, Poland. The Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Lower Silesian Coal Basin and Lublin Coal Basin, and the characteristics of Polish coals are presented. Coal chemistry-development 99l90996 world and in Poland Jasienko, Jasienko, Poland.
S. Chemical Fiz. We&, S., Oficyna Wydawnicza
of research in the
1995, 3$8-405. (In Polish). Politechniki Wroclawskiej,
Edited by Wroclaw,
Coal resources of Kyrgyzstan 9ato9990 Landis, E. R. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsjxugh Coal Conf., 1995, 12, 523525. Approximately 50% of the known coal resources of central Asia are contained in Kyrgyzstan. Coal of Jurassic age is present in eight regions of Kyrgyzstan in at least 64 different named localities. The coal is largely of sub-bituminous and high-volatile bituminous carbon rank and most has low and medium ash and sulfur contents. Coals of higher rank are present in one region. Large but highly variable quantities of vitrinite and inertinite and only small amounts of liptinite are characteristic of these coals. Less than 8% of the total estimated resources are categorized as recoverable; the amount that is economically recoverable is unknown. Production of cl08 tons was estimated in 1994, the majority of which came from the Uzgen Basin, Kavak region and two areas near the eastern end of Issyk Kul. Coal structural models 99loo999 Jasienko, S. et al. Chemical Fiz. Wegla, 1995, 244-292. (In Polish). Edited by Jasienko, S., Oficyna Wydawnicza Poiitechriiki Wroclawskiej, Wroclaw, Poland. Controversial questions in learning about the mechanism of transition of coals to the plastic state. Part 1.
9aiQQ910
Uianovskii, M. L. Koks Khim., 1997, (7), 3-5. (In Russian) A discussion of the structure and plastic state of coal. 99/99911
Development of new deposits of brown coal and a significant source for fuel and power engineering in
Poiyakov, S. V. and Pryadko, N. A. Ugol’Ukr., 1996, (9) 3-6. (In Russian) Brown coal and oil shale resources and their use in the Ukraine are discussed.
86
Extraction of coal with cyciohexanone
90/00913
Geological
Chen, C. et al. Ranliao Huaxue Xuebao, 1997,25, (l), 60-64. (In Chinese) A series of experiments were carried out to investigate the mechanism and feature of cyclohexanone as a coal extraction solvent. Cyclohexanone was found to be a good hydrogen bond acceptor and can disrupt the coal-coal interactions during extraction, meaning a higher extraction yield than the normal organic solvents. The cyclohexanone-coal interactions are strongly related to the hydroxyl in coal. The coals with lower rank and higher oxygen content have higher extraction yield. The yield of Shenbei coal, Yima coal and Yanzhou coal were 49.3%. 43.8% and 41.5%, respectively. Hydroxyl content by hydrolysis of some oxygen content bridge bond can be increased with alkali pre-treatment, which enhances the solubility of coal in cyclohexanone. The cross link density of coal was greatly decreased by the extraction. This also demonstrates that during the extraction, the coalcoal interactions are disrupted by cyclohexanone.
deposits Vereda,
V. S.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 1998
and industrial
evaluation
of coal
Ugol’Ukr., 1996, (8) 47. (In Russian)
Hydrocarbon source potential and maturation in Eocene New Zealand vitrinite-rich coals. insights from traditional coal analyses, and Rock-Eva1 and biomarker studies 96/00914
Newman, J. et al. J. Pet. Geol. 1997, 20, (2) 137-163. Traditional coal characterization methods gave results for 28 Eocene coal samples from the West Coast of New Zealand. These correspond well with biomarker ratios and Rock-Eva1 analyses. Isorank variations in vitrinite fluorescence and reflectance recorded for these samples are closely related to their volatile-matter content, and therefore indicate that the original vitrinite chemical is a key controlling factor. By contrast, the mineral-matter content and the proportion of coal macerals present appear to have had only a minor influence on the coal samples’ properties. A number of triterpane biomarker ratios showed peak maturities by high volatile bituminous A rank; apparent maturities are then reversed and decline at the higher medium volatile bituminous rank. 99/00915
In situ
EXAFS of nickel species during pyrolysis of
brown coals
Shirai, M. et al. Energy Fuels, 1997, 11, (5) lQ12-1018. The behaviour and properties of highly dispersed ion-exchanged nickel species in Loy Yang brown coal samples during pyrolysis were examined with an extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy technique. Based on in-situ XAFS, ion-exchanged nickel on brown coal is initially present in a highly dispersed state and is co-ordinated by six oxygen atoms from surface functional groups. The nickel species aggregate to metal particles at 750 K at low loadings, but at high loadings, the nickel species at aggregate to metal particles at 650 K. The higher transition temperature low nickel loadings was explained by stable nickel-containing functional groups and by the low amount of nickel species in the coals.
98iOO916
Coal extraction 90i99907 Jasienko, S. and Machnikowska, H. Chemical Fiz. We&, 1995, 293-330. (In Polish). Edited by Jasienko, S., Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej, Wroclaw, Poland.
;Ezns
98~00912
Methods for studies of coal structure
Jasienko, S. et al. Chemical Fiz. Weglu, 1995, 90-145. (In Polish). Edited by Jasienko, S., Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej, Wroclaw, Poland. The use of various physical, chemical, and physical-chemical methods for study of coal structure is discussed. 99loo917 Mineral matter in coal Jasienko, S. Chemical Fiz. Wegla, 1995, 369-387. (In Polish). Edited by Jasienko, S., Oficyna Wydawnicza Poiitechniki Wroclawskiej, Wroclaw, Poland. The origin, petrographical composition, and analysis of mineral matter in coal, trace elements in coal, effect of mineral matter on coal properties, residual content of mineral matter in coal combustion and transformation, and use of ash are discussed.
Optimization of simultaneous infrared monitoring of ash and moisture contents of coal on a conveyor belt
98100918
Onishchenko, A. Russian) The optimization diffuse scattering presented in this
M. and Gorlov,
Y. I.
Kok.s Khim., 1997, (7) 30-36.
(In
of monitoring of ash and moisture content of coal, using IR spectroscopy at different regions of wave length, is study.
Properties and structure of hard coals from a borehoie Niedobczyce IG-1 in the Rybnik Coal District, Upper Siiesian Coal Basin, their petrographic and group constituents. 3. Changes in the chemical structure of primary tars with increase in coaiification degree of the parent coals 98100919
Matuszewska, A. et al. Fuel Process. Technol., 1997, 50, (Z/3), 117-130. The Fischer-Schraeder method was used to obtain primary tars from coal, which were studied using IR and ‘H-NMR spectroscopy methods. Hoping to achieve a broader evaluation of the properties and structure of these primary tars with increase in coaiification of the parent coals in the range from gas-flame (according to Polish classification), 611-VII (according to international classification and statistical groups), to orthocoking 435-VB coals, the tars were distilled to 543 K under normal pressure. IR and ‘HNMR spectroscopy analysis methods were employed and the distillates and
Solid fuels (sources,
01
winning, properties)
SOLID FUELS Sources,
Winning,
Properties
Analysis of clay minerals in Turkish coal from a 98lOQ902 washery using Btscaye’s method
Hussain, S. A. et al. Chim. Acta Turc., 1997, 25, (2), 59-62. Zonguldak bituminous coal from a washery flotation plant feed in Turkey was anaiysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The aim was to determine qualitatively as well as semi-quantitatively its clay mineral content. For qualitative determination of the clay minerals, pre-treatment of the coal samples was carried out to remove organic matter before XRD analysis. The presence of three clay minerals (i.e. kaoiinite, iiiite and chlorite) was verified by XRD analysis on coal samples after cool oxygen plasma oxidation to yield low-temperature ash for the analysis. For semiquantitative analysis, Biscaye’s method for sediments was used. Using this method a semi-quantitative result was obtained for clay minerals, with kaoiinite SO%, illite 30% and chlorite 20%. 98foo903
The chemical structure and properties of bitumens of different origin
Baginska, Discusses
9ai06964
K. and Gawel, I. Pet. Coal, 1996, 38, (Z), 35-37. the structural differences of the Ural and Venezuelan
bitumens.
Coal as a colloidal system
Jasienko, S. and Gerus-Piasecka, I. Chemical Fiz. Wegla, 1995, 221-243. (In Polish). Edited by Jasienko, S., Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej, Wroclaw, Poland. Topics discussed include properties and colloidal structure of coal, coalification effect on coal colloidal structure, colloidal model of coal structure, changes in colloidal structure of coals during coking, and properties and structure of colloidal coal extracts.
Coal basins in Poland 98/00905 Jasienko, S. Chemical Fiz. We&, 1995, 55-89. (In Polish). Edited by Jasienko, S., Oficyna Wydawnicza Poiitechniki, Wroclawskiej, Wroclaw, Poland. The Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Lower Silesian Coal Basin and Lublin Coal Basin, and the characteristics of Polish coals are presented. Coal chemistry-development 99l90996 world and in Poland Jasienko, Jasienko, Poland.
S. Chemical Fiz. We&, S., Oficyna Wydawnicza
of research in the
1995, 3$8-405. (In Polish). Politechniki Wroclawskiej,
Edited by Wroclaw,
Coal resources of Kyrgyzstan 9ato9990 Landis, E. R. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsjxugh Coal Conf., 1995, 12, 523525. Approximately 50% of the known coal resources of central Asia are contained in Kyrgyzstan. Coal of Jurassic age is present in eight regions of Kyrgyzstan in at least 64 different named localities. The coal is largely of sub-bituminous and high-volatile bituminous carbon rank and most has low and medium ash and sulfur contents. Coals of higher rank are present in one region. Large but highly variable quantities of vitrinite and inertinite and only small amounts of liptinite are characteristic of these coals. Less than 8% of the total estimated resources are categorized as recoverable; the amount that is economically recoverable is unknown. Production of cl08 tons was estimated in 1994, the majority of which came from the Uzgen Basin, Kavak region and two areas near the eastern end of Issyk Kul. Coal structural models 99loo999 Jasienko, S. et al. Chemical Fiz. Wegla, 1995, 244-292. (In Polish). Edited by Jasienko, S., Oficyna Wydawnicza Poiitechriiki Wroclawskiej, Wroclaw, Poland. Controversial questions in learning about the mechanism of transition of coals to the plastic state. Part 1.
9aiQQ910
Uianovskii, M. L. Koks Khim., 1997, (7), 3-5. (In Russian) A discussion of the structure and plastic state of coal. 99/99911
Development of new deposits of brown coal and a significant source for fuel and power engineering in
Poiyakov, S. V. and Pryadko, N. A. Ugol’Ukr., 1996, (9) 3-6. (In Russian) Brown coal and oil shale resources and their use in the Ukraine are discussed.
86
Extraction of coal with cyciohexanone
90/00913
Geological
Chen, C. et al. Ranliao Huaxue Xuebao, 1997,25, (l), 60-64. (In Chinese) A series of experiments were carried out to investigate the mechanism and feature of cyclohexanone as a coal extraction solvent. Cyclohexanone was found to be a good hydrogen bond acceptor and can disrupt the coal-coal interactions during extraction, meaning a higher extraction yield than the normal organic solvents. The cyclohexanone-coal interactions are strongly related to the hydroxyl in coal. The coals with lower rank and higher oxygen content have higher extraction yield. The yield of Shenbei coal, Yima coal and Yanzhou coal were 49.3%. 43.8% and 41.5%, respectively. Hydroxyl content by hydrolysis of some oxygen content bridge bond can be increased with alkali pre-treatment, which enhances the solubility of coal in cyclohexanone. The cross link density of coal was greatly decreased by the extraction. This also demonstrates that during the extraction, the coalcoal interactions are disrupted by cyclohexanone.
deposits Vereda,
V. S.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 1998
and industrial
evaluation
of coal
Ugol’Ukr., 1996, (8) 47. (In Russian)
Hydrocarbon source potential and maturation in Eocene New Zealand vitrinite-rich coals. insights from traditional coal analyses, and Rock-Eva1 and biomarker studies 96/00914
Newman, J. et al. J. Pet. Geol. 1997, 20, (2) 137-163. Traditional coal characterization methods gave results for 28 Eocene coal samples from the West Coast of New Zealand. These correspond well with biomarker ratios and Rock-Eva1 analyses. Isorank variations in vitrinite fluorescence and reflectance recorded for these samples are closely related to their volatile-matter content, and therefore indicate that the original vitrinite chemical is a key controlling factor. By contrast, the mineral-matter content and the proportion of coal macerals present appear to have had only a minor influence on the coal samples’ properties. A number of triterpane biomarker ratios showed peak maturities by high volatile bituminous A rank; apparent maturities are then reversed and decline at the higher medium volatile bituminous rank. 99/00915
In situ
EXAFS of nickel species during pyrolysis of
brown coals
Shirai, M. et al. Energy Fuels, 1997, 11, (5) lQ12-1018. The behaviour and properties of highly dispersed ion-exchanged nickel species in Loy Yang brown coal samples during pyrolysis were examined with an extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy technique. Based on in-situ XAFS, ion-exchanged nickel on brown coal is initially present in a highly dispersed state and is co-ordinated by six oxygen atoms from surface functional groups. The nickel species aggregate to metal particles at 750 K at low loadings, but at high loadings, the nickel species at aggregate to metal particles at 650 K. The higher transition temperature low nickel loadings was explained by stable nickel-containing functional groups and by the low amount of nickel species in the coals.
98iOO916
Coal extraction 90i99907 Jasienko, S. and Machnikowska, H. Chemical Fiz. We&, 1995, 293-330. (In Polish). Edited by Jasienko, S., Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej, Wroclaw, Poland.
;Ezns
98~00912
Methods for studies of coal structure
Jasienko, S. et al. Chemical Fiz. Weglu, 1995, 90-145. (In Polish). Edited by Jasienko, S., Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej, Wroclaw, Poland. The use of various physical, chemical, and physical-chemical methods for study of coal structure is discussed. 99loo917 Mineral matter in coal Jasienko, S. Chemical Fiz. Wegla, 1995, 369-387. (In Polish). Edited by Jasienko, S., Oficyna Wydawnicza Poiitechniki Wroclawskiej, Wroclaw, Poland. The origin, petrographical composition, and analysis of mineral matter in coal, trace elements in coal, effect of mineral matter on coal properties, residual content of mineral matter in coal combustion and transformation, and use of ash are discussed.
Optimization of simultaneous infrared monitoring of ash and moisture contents of coal on a conveyor belt
98100918
Onishchenko, A. Russian) The optimization diffuse scattering presented in this
M. and Gorlov,
Y. I.
Kok.s Khim., 1997, (7) 30-36.
(In
of monitoring of ash and moisture content of coal, using IR spectroscopy at different regions of wave length, is study.
Properties and structure of hard coals from a borehoie Niedobczyce IG-1 in the Rybnik Coal District, Upper Siiesian Coal Basin, their petrographic and group constituents. 3. Changes in the chemical structure of primary tars with increase in coaiification degree of the parent coals 98100919
Matuszewska, A. et al. Fuel Process. Technol., 1997, 50, (Z/3), 117-130. The Fischer-Schraeder method was used to obtain primary tars from coal, which were studied using IR and ‘H-NMR spectroscopy methods. Hoping to achieve a broader evaluation of the properties and structure of these primary tars with increase in coaiification of the parent coals in the range from gas-flame (according to Polish classification), 611-VII (according to international classification and statistical groups), to orthocoking 435-VB coals, the tars were distilled to 543 K under normal pressure. IR and ‘HNMR spectroscopy analysis methods were employed and the distillates and