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A new Didymosphaeria (Pleosporales) from ascocarps of Corynelia uberata
Notes and brief articles
545
A NEW DIDYMOSPHAERIA (PLEOSPORALES) FROM ASCOCARPS OF CORYNELIA UBERATA BY B. M. SPOONER
Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew A new species of Didymosphaeria, parasitic in ascocarps of Corynelia uberata from New Caledonia, is described. Material of Corynelia uberata Fr., preserved with an ascogenous cavity. Asci of the Corynelia have not herbarium collection of the host plant Podocarpus been observed. Though few intact asci have been sylvestris, from New Caledonia, has recently been observed in the Didymosphaeria, these are clearly brought to my attention. Routine examination of bitunicate, and the species undoubtedly belongs in this material revealed few of the characteristic this genus as currently interpreted. I have been Corynelia spores but the presence, instead, of unable to match it with any so far known, and it is numerous brown, uniseptate ascospores. Following consequently described here as new. the preparation of microtome sections, these were seen to be produced in pseudothecia of a species of Didymosphaeria coryneliae sp.nov. Didymosphaeria developed in either the upper part Pseudothecia ostiolata, 150-220!tm diam, immersa, of the ascocarp wall or the upper part of the solitaria vel gregaria. Parietes pseudotheciorum 10-25 !tm
•
A
Fig.
1.
Didymosphaeria coryneliae. (A) Asci and paraphyses. (B) Ascospores, some in optical section. All x 1000.
Trans. Br. mycol, Soc. 8S (3), (1985) 18
B
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Notes and brief articles
Fig. 2.. Didymosphaeria coryneliae. (A ) Vertical section, x 2.2.0. (B) Vertical section to sh ow pseudothecial wall and surface hyphae, x 500.
crassi, duplices, stratum extimum 8-15 pm crassum, ex hyphis brunneis, agglutinatis, 2.-3 pm diam, muris in cr assat is sistens, hyphis hyalinis muris incrassatis, laxis intricatis, ca 2.pm diam, superficiei efformantibus. Stratum intimum 6-12. pm crassum, hyalinum, ex hyphis agglutinatis, muris incrassatis, 2.-3 pm diam sistens. Paries ostioli atrobrunneus ex hyphis tenuis, irregulariter dispositis, 1'0-1 '5 pm diam sistens, ad apicem latioribus, 2-3 pm diam, stratum ca 2.5 pm crassum efformantibus. Ostiolum usque ad 80 pm diam. Asci 90-95 x ll-9 pm, octosporis, cylindrici vel cylindrico-clavati, bitunicati. Ascosporae uniseriatae, brunneae, (8'5-) 10'5-13 '0 x 5'5-6'5 pm, ellipsoideae vel ovatae, uniseptatae, striolatae. Pseudoparaphyses numerosae, hyalinae, septatae, 0 '7-1'5 (-2.) pm diam, ramosae, anastomosantes, in mucilagine immersae. In ascocarpis Coryneliae uberatae Fr., in Podocarpo sylvestri Buchh., New Caledonia, Mt Koungouhaoa, 8 Nov. 1967, M . Mackee 17966A, holotypus K . Pseudothecia immersed, 150-220 flm diam, solitary or clustered, pyriform, ostiolate, the ostiole variable in length, rising slightly above the host surface. Pseudothecial wall duplex, rather thin, 20-25 flm thick on the flanks, 10-15 flm thick at the base, comprising in the lower pan an outermost layer 8-15 flm thick composed of brown or pale brown, agglutinated hyphae 2-3 flm diam, with somewhat thickened walls, irregularly septate and giving rise at the surface to hyaline, thick-walled, loosely interwoven hyphae ca 2 flm diam. Innermost layer hyaline, 6--12 flm thick, composed of thickwalled, agglutinated hyphae 2-3 flm diam, running parallel to the surface on the flanks, irregularly arranged in the basal tissue. Wall of upper part of pseudothecium and ostiole composed of dark brown, narrow, irregularly disposed hyphae 1 ' 0- 1 '5 flm diam, becoming broader, 2-3 flm diam,
Trans. Br. mycol, Soc. 85 (3), ( 1985)
at the apex of the ostiole, there lying parallel and vertically arranged in a layer broadening to ca 25 flm near the host surface. Ostiole up to 80 flm diarn, containing hyaline, gelatinized elements. Asci 900-95 x 8-9 ust», 8-spored, cylindric or cylindric-clavate, tapered below to a short stalk, bitunicate, thick-walled, especially at the apex. Ascospores uniseriate, brown, (8 ' 5- ) 10 '5-13 '0 x 5'5- 6 '5 flm, ellipsoid or slightly ovate, with a single, median or slightly sub-median septum, not or only slightly constricted, ornamented with fine, longitudinal, often anastomosing striae; striae either continuous or apparently composed of lines of punctae. Pseudoparaphyses numerous, hyaline, septate, 0'7-1'5 (-2) flm diam, copiously branched and anastomosing, immersed in mucilage. Several species ofDidymosphaeria are parasitic on other ascomycetes. According to Scheinpflug (1958) even the lectotype, D . futilis (Berk. & Br. ) Rehrn, may parasitize species of Leptosphaeria, and at least four other species, D . conoidea Niessl (also on Leptosphaeriai, D . unnteri Niessl (on stromata of Phyl/achora spp.), D. eutypae Sureya (on Eutypa lata) and D. cocconiae v. Arx (on Cocconia spurcaria ) appear to be obligate parasites of stromatic ascomycetes. In addition, D. atroseptata Pirozynski was described from apothecia of Pestalopezia rhododendri, and various other species are known to occur on lichen thalli. Didymosphaeria coryneliae is distinct from these not only in host, but in ha ving larger asci and ornamented spores. It may be most closely related to D . conoidea which has uniseriate spores of a similar size, but differs in having spores which are smooth and constricted at the septum, and in occurring on Leptosphaeria doliolum. Due to its parasitic development on perithecia, this species
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Notes and brief articles
547
was segregated by Rehm ( 1906) into a new subgenus Cryptodidymosphaeria . However, though subsequently raised to generic level by Hohnel (19 17), Scheinpflug (1958) has shown that Cryptodidymosphaeria cannot be satisfactorily separated from Didymosphaeria. Ornamentation of the spore wall is common in Didymosphaeria. Several species have a punctate ornament, and fine striation occurs in others such as D. rubicola Berl. (see Scheinpflug, 1958) and D. striatospora Sydow. These are both distinct from the present species in having much larger spores and in not occurring on fungi.
Dr R. W. G . Dennis for advice and helpful discussion, and Dr Barbara Parris for correcting the Latin diagnosis.
I would like to thank Mr P. J. Edwards for bringing to my attention the collection of Corynelia,
Gattungen, Ber icht der Schweizerischen botanischen Gesellschaft 68, 325-385 .
REFERENCES
HOHNEL, F. VON (1917). Fragmente zur Mykologie (XX. Mineilung, Nr. 1031 bis 1057). Sitzungsberichten der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematischnaturwissenschaftliche Klasse 1, 1:26,
353-399· REHM, H. (1906) . Zum Studium der Pyrenomyceten Deutschlands, Deutsch-Osterreichs und der Schweiz. Annates mycologici 4, 257-272 . SCHEINPFLUG, H . (1958). Untersuchungen iiber die Ganung Didymosphaeria Fuck. und einige verwandte
A NEW ENCOELIA ( H E L O T I A L E S ) FROM PRUNUS SPINOSA IN FRANCE BY B. M. SPOONER
Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew AND GINETTE TRIGAUX
28 rue de la gare , 51140 Jonchery-sur-Vesle, France
A new species of Encoelia, remarkable in having a conspicuously fimbriate margin, is described from dead branches of Prunus spinosa in France. Two collections of a distinctive and undescribed species of Encoelia (Fr.) Karst. have now been made from dead branches of Prunus spinosa in southern France. These provide ample material for description of the species. The holotype comes from a pine wood growing on alluvial soil in the plain of Forez. The woodland is swampy in places and has an understory which comprises, in addition to P. spinosa, other spiny plants, such as Crataegus laeuigata and Rubus spp. The fungus occurred on branches on a dead bush in 1982, but has not been seen subsequently. The earlier paratype collection was from a wood in a coomb near St Maur, where the soil is permanently damp. The locality otherwise supported species such as Pachyella babingtonii (Berk.) Boud. and Scutellinia setosa (Nees: Fr.) Kuntze but, regrettably, this woodland has now been felled and cleared.
Encoelia filnbriata sp.nov, (Figs 1-4) Etym. From Latin fimbriatus, fringed, referring to the marginal fringe of hairs Apothecia dense gregaria, e basi sttomatica commune exorta, erurnpentia. Discus 1-3 mm diam, concavus, atrovinosus, laevis. Margine incurvato, albido-fimbriato. Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 85 (3), (1985)
Receptaculum cupulatum, furfuraceum.flavo-brunneum. Asci 45-63 x 7'0-8'5 }tID, octospori, cylindrico-davati, apice leviter attenuati truncato-rotundati, poro in Melzero non caerulescente. Paraphyses 1'8-2'2}tm diam, filiformes, hyalini, obtusi, infeme mucilagine vaginatae. Excipulum medullare e textura intricata sistens, 30-60 }tm crassum ex hyphis ca 2 }tm diam, muris saepe inerassatis, brunneis sistens . Excipulum ectale e textura globulosa sistens, 70-85 }tID crassum, celluli 5-8 (- 10 ) }tm diam, muris incrassatis, irregulariter dispositis, superficieversus separati, pustulis irregularibus efformantibus. Textura intima viridula, textura extima brunnea, pigmentum in parte intercellulare, granulosum, in Melzero et ammonia diffiuentibus. In corticis Pruni spinosae, Bois de Mornant, Forez, Massif Central, France , 22 Jan. 1982, A. Ayel, holotypus (K); in corticis Pruni spinosae, Bois de St Maur-Mirande 32,25 Feb. 1973, F. Candoussau, paratypus (K). Apothecia densely gregarious in clusters of up to ca 80, arising from a common stromatic base, erumpent through bark. Disc 1-3 mm diam, concave, dark vinaceous brown, smooth. Margin incurved, whitish-fimbriate. Receptacle cupulate, narrowed below the disc, surface conspicuously furfuraceous, yellowish-brown or olivaceous. Asci 45-59 (-63) x 7-8 '5 (-9) fLm, 8-spored, cylindricclavate, narrowed at the base into a short stipe, apex slightly narrowed, truncate or truncate-
Printed in Great Britain
18-2
545
A NEW DIDYMOSPHAERIA (PLEOSPORALES) FROM ASCOCARPS OF CORYNELIA UBERATA BY B. M. SPOONER
Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew A new species of Didymosphaeria, parasitic in ascocarps of Corynelia uberata from New Caledonia, is described. Material of Corynelia uberata Fr., preserved with an ascogenous cavity. Asci of the Corynelia have not herbarium collection of the host plant Podocarpus been observed. Though few intact asci have been sylvestris, from New Caledonia, has recently been observed in the Didymosphaeria, these are clearly brought to my attention. Routine examination of bitunicate, and the species undoubtedly belongs in this material revealed few of the characteristic this genus as currently interpreted. I have been Corynelia spores but the presence, instead, of unable to match it with any so far known, and it is numerous brown, uniseptate ascospores. Following consequently described here as new. the preparation of microtome sections, these were seen to be produced in pseudothecia of a species of Didymosphaeria coryneliae sp.nov. Didymosphaeria developed in either the upper part Pseudothecia ostiolata, 150-220!tm diam, immersa, of the ascocarp wall or the upper part of the solitaria vel gregaria. Parietes pseudotheciorum 10-25 !tm
•
A
Fig.
1.
Didymosphaeria coryneliae. (A) Asci and paraphyses. (B) Ascospores, some in optical section. All x 1000.
Trans. Br. mycol, Soc. 8S (3), (1985) 18
B
Printed in Great Britain Myc8s
Notes and brief articles
Fig. 2.. Didymosphaeria coryneliae. (A ) Vertical section, x 2.2.0. (B) Vertical section to sh ow pseudothecial wall and surface hyphae, x 500.
crassi, duplices, stratum extimum 8-15 pm crassum, ex hyphis brunneis, agglutinatis, 2.-3 pm diam, muris in cr assat is sistens, hyphis hyalinis muris incrassatis, laxis intricatis, ca 2.pm diam, superficiei efformantibus. Stratum intimum 6-12. pm crassum, hyalinum, ex hyphis agglutinatis, muris incrassatis, 2.-3 pm diam sistens. Paries ostioli atrobrunneus ex hyphis tenuis, irregulariter dispositis, 1'0-1 '5 pm diam sistens, ad apicem latioribus, 2-3 pm diam, stratum ca 2.5 pm crassum efformantibus. Ostiolum usque ad 80 pm diam. Asci 90-95 x ll-9 pm, octosporis, cylindrici vel cylindrico-clavati, bitunicati. Ascosporae uniseriatae, brunneae, (8'5-) 10'5-13 '0 x 5'5-6'5 pm, ellipsoideae vel ovatae, uniseptatae, striolatae. Pseudoparaphyses numerosae, hyalinae, septatae, 0 '7-1'5 (-2.) pm diam, ramosae, anastomosantes, in mucilagine immersae. In ascocarpis Coryneliae uberatae Fr., in Podocarpo sylvestri Buchh., New Caledonia, Mt Koungouhaoa, 8 Nov. 1967, M . Mackee 17966A, holotypus K . Pseudothecia immersed, 150-220 flm diam, solitary or clustered, pyriform, ostiolate, the ostiole variable in length, rising slightly above the host surface. Pseudothecial wall duplex, rather thin, 20-25 flm thick on the flanks, 10-15 flm thick at the base, comprising in the lower pan an outermost layer 8-15 flm thick composed of brown or pale brown, agglutinated hyphae 2-3 flm diam, with somewhat thickened walls, irregularly septate and giving rise at the surface to hyaline, thick-walled, loosely interwoven hyphae ca 2 flm diam. Innermost layer hyaline, 6--12 flm thick, composed of thickwalled, agglutinated hyphae 2-3 flm diam, running parallel to the surface on the flanks, irregularly arranged in the basal tissue. Wall of upper part of pseudothecium and ostiole composed of dark brown, narrow, irregularly disposed hyphae 1 ' 0- 1 '5 flm diam, becoming broader, 2-3 flm diam,
Trans. Br. mycol, Soc. 85 (3), ( 1985)
at the apex of the ostiole, there lying parallel and vertically arranged in a layer broadening to ca 25 flm near the host surface. Ostiole up to 80 flm diarn, containing hyaline, gelatinized elements. Asci 900-95 x 8-9 ust», 8-spored, cylindric or cylindric-clavate, tapered below to a short stalk, bitunicate, thick-walled, especially at the apex. Ascospores uniseriate, brown, (8 ' 5- ) 10 '5-13 '0 x 5'5- 6 '5 flm, ellipsoid or slightly ovate, with a single, median or slightly sub-median septum, not or only slightly constricted, ornamented with fine, longitudinal, often anastomosing striae; striae either continuous or apparently composed of lines of punctae. Pseudoparaphyses numerous, hyaline, septate, 0'7-1'5 (-2) flm diam, copiously branched and anastomosing, immersed in mucilage. Several species ofDidymosphaeria are parasitic on other ascomycetes. According to Scheinpflug (1958) even the lectotype, D . futilis (Berk. & Br. ) Rehrn, may parasitize species of Leptosphaeria, and at least four other species, D . conoidea Niessl (also on Leptosphaeriai, D . unnteri Niessl (on stromata of Phyl/achora spp.), D. eutypae Sureya (on Eutypa lata) and D. cocconiae v. Arx (on Cocconia spurcaria ) appear to be obligate parasites of stromatic ascomycetes. In addition, D. atroseptata Pirozynski was described from apothecia of Pestalopezia rhododendri, and various other species are known to occur on lichen thalli. Didymosphaeria coryneliae is distinct from these not only in host, but in ha ving larger asci and ornamented spores. It may be most closely related to D . conoidea which has uniseriate spores of a similar size, but differs in having spores which are smooth and constricted at the septum, and in occurring on Leptosphaeria doliolum. Due to its parasitic development on perithecia, this species
Printed in Great Britain
Notes and brief articles
547
was segregated by Rehm ( 1906) into a new subgenus Cryptodidymosphaeria . However, though subsequently raised to generic level by Hohnel (19 17), Scheinpflug (1958) has shown that Cryptodidymosphaeria cannot be satisfactorily separated from Didymosphaeria. Ornamentation of the spore wall is common in Didymosphaeria. Several species have a punctate ornament, and fine striation occurs in others such as D. rubicola Berl. (see Scheinpflug, 1958) and D. striatospora Sydow. These are both distinct from the present species in having much larger spores and in not occurring on fungi.
Dr R. W. G . Dennis for advice and helpful discussion, and Dr Barbara Parris for correcting the Latin diagnosis.
I would like to thank Mr P. J. Edwards for bringing to my attention the collection of Corynelia,
Gattungen, Ber icht der Schweizerischen botanischen Gesellschaft 68, 325-385 .
REFERENCES
HOHNEL, F. VON (1917). Fragmente zur Mykologie (XX. Mineilung, Nr. 1031 bis 1057). Sitzungsberichten der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematischnaturwissenschaftliche Klasse 1, 1:26,
353-399· REHM, H. (1906) . Zum Studium der Pyrenomyceten Deutschlands, Deutsch-Osterreichs und der Schweiz. Annates mycologici 4, 257-272 . SCHEINPFLUG, H . (1958). Untersuchungen iiber die Ganung Didymosphaeria Fuck. und einige verwandte
A NEW ENCOELIA ( H E L O T I A L E S ) FROM PRUNUS SPINOSA IN FRANCE BY B. M. SPOONER
Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew AND GINETTE TRIGAUX
28 rue de la gare , 51140 Jonchery-sur-Vesle, France
A new species of Encoelia, remarkable in having a conspicuously fimbriate margin, is described from dead branches of Prunus spinosa in France. Two collections of a distinctive and undescribed species of Encoelia (Fr.) Karst. have now been made from dead branches of Prunus spinosa in southern France. These provide ample material for description of the species. The holotype comes from a pine wood growing on alluvial soil in the plain of Forez. The woodland is swampy in places and has an understory which comprises, in addition to P. spinosa, other spiny plants, such as Crataegus laeuigata and Rubus spp. The fungus occurred on branches on a dead bush in 1982, but has not been seen subsequently. The earlier paratype collection was from a wood in a coomb near St Maur, where the soil is permanently damp. The locality otherwise supported species such as Pachyella babingtonii (Berk.) Boud. and Scutellinia setosa (Nees: Fr.) Kuntze but, regrettably, this woodland has now been felled and cleared.
Encoelia filnbriata sp.nov, (Figs 1-4) Etym. From Latin fimbriatus, fringed, referring to the marginal fringe of hairs Apothecia dense gregaria, e basi sttomatica commune exorta, erurnpentia. Discus 1-3 mm diam, concavus, atrovinosus, laevis. Margine incurvato, albido-fimbriato. Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 85 (3), (1985)
Receptaculum cupulatum, furfuraceum.flavo-brunneum. Asci 45-63 x 7'0-8'5 }tID, octospori, cylindrico-davati, apice leviter attenuati truncato-rotundati, poro in Melzero non caerulescente. Paraphyses 1'8-2'2}tm diam, filiformes, hyalini, obtusi, infeme mucilagine vaginatae. Excipulum medullare e textura intricata sistens, 30-60 }tm crassum ex hyphis ca 2 }tm diam, muris saepe inerassatis, brunneis sistens . Excipulum ectale e textura globulosa sistens, 70-85 }tID crassum, celluli 5-8 (- 10 ) }tm diam, muris incrassatis, irregulariter dispositis, superficieversus separati, pustulis irregularibus efformantibus. Textura intima viridula, textura extima brunnea, pigmentum in parte intercellulare, granulosum, in Melzero et ammonia diffiuentibus. In corticis Pruni spinosae, Bois de Mornant, Forez, Massif Central, France , 22 Jan. 1982, A. Ayel, holotypus (K); in corticis Pruni spinosae, Bois de St Maur-Mirande 32,25 Feb. 1973, F. Candoussau, paratypus (K). Apothecia densely gregarious in clusters of up to ca 80, arising from a common stromatic base, erumpent through bark. Disc 1-3 mm diam, concave, dark vinaceous brown, smooth. Margin incurved, whitish-fimbriate. Receptacle cupulate, narrowed below the disc, surface conspicuously furfuraceous, yellowish-brown or olivaceous. Asci 45-59 (-63) x 7-8 '5 (-9) fLm, 8-spored, cylindricclavate, narrowed at the base into a short stipe, apex slightly narrowed, truncate or truncate-
Printed in Great Britain
18-2