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A Programmed Introduction to Infrared Spectroscopy
75 International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 2nd ion Physics, 11 (1973) 75-76 Q Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam - Printed in The Netherlands
Book reviews Field Ionization Mass Spectrometry, by HANS D. 1971, pp_ xvi + 344, price ~0.00.
BECKEY,
Persamon Press, Oxford,
This first monograph on this fairly new field, discusses the subject in four chapters: (1) Theory of field ionization (FI) and electron impact (EI); (2) Field ionization sources; (3) Application of the FI mass spectrometer to physiccchemical problems and (4) Qualitative analysis with the FI mass spectrometer. Happily this is still a field wherein a research worker can read the prior literature, and this is a book for such research workers. Indeed Professor Beckey addresses his readers as if they were his research students. It is assumed that one has read pertinent references. The more widespread use of FIMS has been delayed by the need for field ionization anodes of improved quality. The author has directed his Institut steadfastly in this pursuit and great success appears 10 have been achieved. It is described in a recent paper by Schulten and Eeckey, in Organic Mass Spectrometry, 6 (1972) 885-895. A second substantial contribution is described in part in this monograph and is now called Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry. It may prove to be the ultimate in technique for dealing with large molecules ?f marginal stability. The book suffers from lack of proof-reading by the publisher. Quite a few of the errors relate to English usage but others belong in the realm of type-setting. They can be fixed-up for a second printing. Graham Wanless A ProgrammedIntroduction to Infrared Spectroscop_v,by B. W. CCXX Ahm K. JONES, Heyden, London, 1972, pp. xv+ 192, price, cloth g2.60, paper L1.50. The technique of infrared spectroscopy is now well established, and there are numerous textbooks, both inliqductory and comprehensive, dealing with the subject. This new book, which enables the relative beginner to study the technique at his own pace using the modern prog,*ammed teaching method, is therefore a welcome addition to the more conventional range of books. The reader is first invited to take the “criterion test”, the result of which determines whether or not he would benefit from proceeding with the programme. A score of more than 20 % indicates that he probably already has too great a knowledge of the subject. The teaching programme itself is divided into eight parts. Part One deals with the electromagnetic spectrum in general, and with the infrared region in particular, familiarizing the reader with the units of wavelength and frequency
76 and their interconversion. Pzrt Two describes the components of a spectrometer, and includes a comparison of single- and double-beam operation, some co-nsider2ble detail about reflection gratings, and the effect of slit width on resolution. Part Three describes some of the controls on a commercial instrument and how these should be adjusted to obtain good quality spectra. Part Four introduces the basic theory of infrared spectroscopy. Starting with the simple idea that molecules can be considered 2s balls connected by springs, the reader is guided through the concepts of single, double aud triple bonds, symmetric and asymmetric vibrations, deformation vibrations, overtone 2nd combination bands, and dipole moment changes. Sample preparation is the subject of Part Five. Window materials suitable for the infrared region are discussed, followed by methods of dealing with gases, liquids and solids. 3213 Six, concerned with quantitative analysis, includes measurement of the thickness of a cell and calculation of absorbances and extinction coefficients. Part Seven deals with the recognition of faults in poor quality spectra, whale the final section (Part Eight) of the main text is devoted to an introduction to the interpretation of spectra with reference to a few common functional groups. Appendices cover attenuated total reflection and tables on sample przparation and fault finding- The book concludes with a summary of the main facts presented in the programme, together with some additional points which help to put the whole subject in perspective. The book assumes little or no knowledge of infrared $ectroscopy and starts right at the beginning. On the whole, the material is presented in 2 logical sequence, although the fact that molecules absorb infrared radiation of characteristic frequencies is not mentioned until nearly 2 third of the way thro?lgh the book, and only then can the reader begin to appreciate the significance of infrared spectroscopy as an aalytical tecSnique. The term “extinctioa coefficient” is used when suitable sample thicknesses for liquids are discussed when in fact the term is not explained until later in the book. In the section on quantitative analysis no complete example of a quantitative determination is given, and this chapter seems somewhat incomplete. The section on interpretation is marred by an unnecessarily complicated correlation table which would be very confusing to a newcomer to the subject. In 2 programmed text of this kind the continual turning of pages backwards and forwards can make for a certain amount of disjointedness. However, in this book the problem is alleviated to some extent by the fact that at the top of each page there is the number of the page from which one came, and also there is an index at the end of the book so that particular topics can be referred to out of context if required. On the whole, this book is well written and will prove to be of considerable value to its readers if accompanied by practical experience. Its price puts it within the range of the beginners at whom it is aimed. L. ti. A.
Book reviews Field Ionization Mass Spectrometry, by HANS D. 1971, pp_ xvi + 344, price ~0.00.
BECKEY,
Persamon Press, Oxford,
This first monograph on this fairly new field, discusses the subject in four chapters: (1) Theory of field ionization (FI) and electron impact (EI); (2) Field ionization sources; (3) Application of the FI mass spectrometer to physiccchemical problems and (4) Qualitative analysis with the FI mass spectrometer. Happily this is still a field wherein a research worker can read the prior literature, and this is a book for such research workers. Indeed Professor Beckey addresses his readers as if they were his research students. It is assumed that one has read pertinent references. The more widespread use of FIMS has been delayed by the need for field ionization anodes of improved quality. The author has directed his Institut steadfastly in this pursuit and great success appears 10 have been achieved. It is described in a recent paper by Schulten and Eeckey, in Organic Mass Spectrometry, 6 (1972) 885-895. A second substantial contribution is described in part in this monograph and is now called Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry. It may prove to be the ultimate in technique for dealing with large molecules ?f marginal stability. The book suffers from lack of proof-reading by the publisher. Quite a few of the errors relate to English usage but others belong in the realm of type-setting. They can be fixed-up for a second printing. Graham Wanless A ProgrammedIntroduction to Infrared Spectroscop_v,by B. W. CCXX Ahm K. JONES, Heyden, London, 1972, pp. xv+ 192, price, cloth g2.60, paper L1.50. The technique of infrared spectroscopy is now well established, and there are numerous textbooks, both inliqductory and comprehensive, dealing with the subject. This new book, which enables the relative beginner to study the technique at his own pace using the modern prog,*ammed teaching method, is therefore a welcome addition to the more conventional range of books. The reader is first invited to take the “criterion test”, the result of which determines whether or not he would benefit from proceeding with the programme. A score of more than 20 % indicates that he probably already has too great a knowledge of the subject. The teaching programme itself is divided into eight parts. Part One deals with the electromagnetic spectrum in general, and with the infrared region in particular, familiarizing the reader with the units of wavelength and frequency
76 and their interconversion. Pzrt Two describes the components of a spectrometer, and includes a comparison of single- and double-beam operation, some co-nsider2ble detail about reflection gratings, and the effect of slit width on resolution. Part Three describes some of the controls on a commercial instrument and how these should be adjusted to obtain good quality spectra. Part Four introduces the basic theory of infrared spectroscopy. Starting with the simple idea that molecules can be considered 2s balls connected by springs, the reader is guided through the concepts of single, double aud triple bonds, symmetric and asymmetric vibrations, deformation vibrations, overtone 2nd combination bands, and dipole moment changes. Sample preparation is the subject of Part Five. Window materials suitable for the infrared region are discussed, followed by methods of dealing with gases, liquids and solids. 3213 Six, concerned with quantitative analysis, includes measurement of the thickness of a cell and calculation of absorbances and extinction coefficients. Part Seven deals with the recognition of faults in poor quality spectra, whale the final section (Part Eight) of the main text is devoted to an introduction to the interpretation of spectra with reference to a few common functional groups. Appendices cover attenuated total reflection and tables on sample przparation and fault finding- The book concludes with a summary of the main facts presented in the programme, together with some additional points which help to put the whole subject in perspective. The book assumes little or no knowledge of infrared $ectroscopy and starts right at the beginning. On the whole, the material is presented in 2 logical sequence, although the fact that molecules absorb infrared radiation of characteristic frequencies is not mentioned until nearly 2 third of the way thro?lgh the book, and only then can the reader begin to appreciate the significance of infrared spectroscopy as an aalytical tecSnique. The term “extinctioa coefficient” is used when suitable sample thicknesses for liquids are discussed when in fact the term is not explained until later in the book. In the section on quantitative analysis no complete example of a quantitative determination is given, and this chapter seems somewhat incomplete. The section on interpretation is marred by an unnecessarily complicated correlation table which would be very confusing to a newcomer to the subject. In 2 programmed text of this kind the continual turning of pages backwards and forwards can make for a certain amount of disjointedness. However, in this book the problem is alleviated to some extent by the fact that at the top of each page there is the number of the page from which one came, and also there is an index at the end of the book so that particular topics can be referred to out of context if required. On the whole, this book is well written and will prove to be of considerable value to its readers if accompanied by practical experience. Its price puts it within the range of the beginners at whom it is aimed. L. ti. A.