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A roadmap for developing ATW technology: system scenarios and integration
06 Electrical power supply and utilization (scientific, technical) activity has been conducted in three steps; the definition of the conceptual design of the systems, the application of the Relap5 code to simulate their behaviour; and the proposal of their specific applications to pressurized and boiling LWR. In this paper, both systems are presented in their structural and operating characteristics together with the main results of the code application for their simulation. Some proposals of application of SIP-l and ICS to pressurized water reactors and boiling water reactors are also shown. The developments and reached goals of the prosecution of the research are also summarized here, tog-ether with future needs.
Economics,
policy, supplies,
forecasts
02lOO454 A roadmap for developing ATW technology: system scenarios and integration Van Tuyle, Ci. ef al. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 2001, 38, (I-2) 3-23. A roadmap has been established for development of accelerator transmutation of waste (ATW) technology. The roadmap defines a reference system along with preferred technologies, which require further development to reduce technical risk, associated deployment scenarios, and a detailed plan of necessary R&D to support implementation of this technology. The potential for international collaboration is discussed which has the potential to reduce the cost of the programme. A reference ATW plant design was established to ensure consistent discussion of technical and life cycle cost issues. Over 60 years of operation, a reference ATW plant would process about 10000 tn of spent nuclear reactor fuel. This is in comparison to the current inventory in the USA of about 40000 tn of spent fuel and the projected inventory of about 86000 tn of spent fuel if all currently licenced nuclear power plants run until their licence expire. The reference ATW plant was used together with an assumed scenario of no new nuclear plant orders in the USA to generate a deployment scenario for ATW. In the R&D roadmap, key technical issues are identified, and timescales are proposed for the resolution of these issues. A key recommendation is that, in the first year of any ATW programme, trade studies intended to confirm technology choices and optimization of design be conducted. These studies will then be used to define future R&D. International collaboration will be important in this endeavour.
02lOO455 Review and proposals about the role of accelerator driven systems nuclear power Salvatores, M. et al. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 2001, 38, (I-2) 167178. Accelerator driven systems (ADS) can play a role in radioactive waste transmutation scenarios, but also in innovative nuclear power plant concepts, in particular in order to simplify the nuclear fuel cycle. Their improved safety characteristics is also a beneficial feature in the perspective of very innovative reactor concept. Finally, it seems that the use of Thorium can be facilitated (at least from a neutronics point of view) by the use of ADS. These motivations justify relevant R&D programmes in order to validate the concept. This paper gives a number of arguments on the role of ADS, and gives some characteristics of an innovative ADS system (TASSE), based on a Th-molten salts fuel.
02lOO456 Safety evaluation of the inherent and passive safety features of the smart design Bae, K.H. er al. Annuls of Nuclear Energy, 2001, 28, 333-349. SMART (system-integrated modular advanced reactor) is a 330 MWt advanced integral PWR, which is under development at KAERI for seawater desalination and electricity generation. The conceptual design of the SMART desalination plant produces 40000 m3/day of potable water and generates about 90 MW of electricity, which are assessed as sufficient for a population of about 100000. The SMART enhances safety by adopting the inherent safety design features such as the elimination of large break loss of coolant accidents, substantially large negative moderator temperature coefficients, etc. In addition, the safety goals of the SMART are achieved through the adoption of passive engineered safety systems such as an emergency core cooling system, passive residual heat removal system, safeguard vessel, and reactor and containment overpressure protection systems. This paper describes the design concept of the major safety systems of the SMART and presents the results of the safety analyses using a MARS/SMR code for the major limiting accidents including transient behaviours due to desalination system disturbances. The analysis results employing conservative initial/boundary conditions and assumptions show that the safety systems of the SMART conceptual design adequately remove the core decay heat and mitigate the consequences of the limiting accidents, and thus secure the plant to a safe condition.
46
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 2002
06
ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION Scientific,
technical
02lOO457 A methodology for the quantification of corrosion and erosion damage in laboratory, burner rig and plant environments. Simms, N.J. er al. Proc. - Electrochem. SW., 2000, 99-38, 305-316. Fuel gases derived from solid fuels, such as coal, biomass and waste, have the potential to cause both erosion and corrosion damage to components throughout the hot gas paths of power generating systems. To allow the statistically valid assessment of materials performance in short term plant runs, burner rig tests and laboratory simulated environments a methodology has been developed to collect compatible quantitative data on materials degradation. Accurate measurement techniques based on pre-exposure contact metrology and postexposure optical microscopy/image analysis have been developed, which take into account the low damage levels required for practical systems and the localized nature of hot corrosion. The data produced have been used to derive and test quantitative models for the prediction of the performance of candidate materials. For these models to be used with confidence, similar damage morphologies must be produced in both the real and simulated conditions, as well as similar damage rates.
02/00458 A novel non-linear programming-based coal blending technology for power plants Yin, C. el al. Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 2000, 78, (Al), 118-124. Coal blending has now attracted much attention in coal industry of China, and was investigated extensively to meet the often conflicting goals of environmental requirements and reliable and efficient boiler operation in power plants. However, most of the existing blending projects are guided by experience, or linear-programming (LP), whose main assumption is that all the quality parameters of a blend can be approximated as the weighted average of the corresponding indexes of its component coals at any condition. This was proved incorrect for some blend properties. Now, more and more evidence indicates that a strong non-linearity exists between some quality parameters of a coal blend and those of its component coals. Thus the unreliable assumption impairs the resulting coal-blending scheme. To remedy this situation, a novel coal blending technology for power plants, i.e. using non-linear programming (NLP) based on neural network models, was proposed, and has now been successfully applied at the Hangzhou Coal Blending Center. The application attests that this new technology is much better than the existing linear-programming coal-blending method.
02/00459 Gorbunova,
A promising fuel for a high-temperature fuel cell V.A. er al. Vestsi Nats. Akad. Navuk Belarusi. Ser. Khim. Navuk, 2000, 1, 9-l 1. (In Russian) Experimental data are presented on the processes of electrochemical oxidation of fuel gases based on CHI, NH,, CzHsOH and on products of partial burning (containing CO and Hz) of industrial carbon fuels in high-temperature solid electrolyte fuel cell (HTFC). Some problems of HTFC performance optimization are considered.
02lOO460 Advanced fuel conversion technologies in centralized and decentralized plants Bergmann, H., Hannes, K. VGB Tech. Ver. Grosskrqf/ll~erk.shetr., [Tagungsher.] VGB-TB, 1999, 102, PaperAZ/i, PaperAZ/l-PaperA 13. (In German) A review with many deposited references concerning the state-of-theart and development of fossil fuel-fired power plants. Technologies including conventional coal- and lignite&fired steam-power plants, fluidized-bed combustion plants, power plants with integrated gasification, natural gas-fired heating power plants, and advanced fuel cells are presented. 02/00481 Catalyst for solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells Tada, T., Inoue, M. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2000 100,448 (Cl. HOlM4/90), 7 Apr 2000, Appl. 1998/269,579, 24 Sep 1998. 5. (In Japanese)
Economics,
policy, supplies,
forecasts
02lOO454 A roadmap for developing ATW technology: system scenarios and integration Van Tuyle, Ci. ef al. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 2001, 38, (I-2) 3-23. A roadmap has been established for development of accelerator transmutation of waste (ATW) technology. The roadmap defines a reference system along with preferred technologies, which require further development to reduce technical risk, associated deployment scenarios, and a detailed plan of necessary R&D to support implementation of this technology. The potential for international collaboration is discussed which has the potential to reduce the cost of the programme. A reference ATW plant design was established to ensure consistent discussion of technical and life cycle cost issues. Over 60 years of operation, a reference ATW plant would process about 10000 tn of spent nuclear reactor fuel. This is in comparison to the current inventory in the USA of about 40000 tn of spent fuel and the projected inventory of about 86000 tn of spent fuel if all currently licenced nuclear power plants run until their licence expire. The reference ATW plant was used together with an assumed scenario of no new nuclear plant orders in the USA to generate a deployment scenario for ATW. In the R&D roadmap, key technical issues are identified, and timescales are proposed for the resolution of these issues. A key recommendation is that, in the first year of any ATW programme, trade studies intended to confirm technology choices and optimization of design be conducted. These studies will then be used to define future R&D. International collaboration will be important in this endeavour.
02lOO455 Review and proposals about the role of accelerator driven systems nuclear power Salvatores, M. et al. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 2001, 38, (I-2) 167178. Accelerator driven systems (ADS) can play a role in radioactive waste transmutation scenarios, but also in innovative nuclear power plant concepts, in particular in order to simplify the nuclear fuel cycle. Their improved safety characteristics is also a beneficial feature in the perspective of very innovative reactor concept. Finally, it seems that the use of Thorium can be facilitated (at least from a neutronics point of view) by the use of ADS. These motivations justify relevant R&D programmes in order to validate the concept. This paper gives a number of arguments on the role of ADS, and gives some characteristics of an innovative ADS system (TASSE), based on a Th-molten salts fuel.
02lOO456 Safety evaluation of the inherent and passive safety features of the smart design Bae, K.H. er al. Annuls of Nuclear Energy, 2001, 28, 333-349. SMART (system-integrated modular advanced reactor) is a 330 MWt advanced integral PWR, which is under development at KAERI for seawater desalination and electricity generation. The conceptual design of the SMART desalination plant produces 40000 m3/day of potable water and generates about 90 MW of electricity, which are assessed as sufficient for a population of about 100000. The SMART enhances safety by adopting the inherent safety design features such as the elimination of large break loss of coolant accidents, substantially large negative moderator temperature coefficients, etc. In addition, the safety goals of the SMART are achieved through the adoption of passive engineered safety systems such as an emergency core cooling system, passive residual heat removal system, safeguard vessel, and reactor and containment overpressure protection systems. This paper describes the design concept of the major safety systems of the SMART and presents the results of the safety analyses using a MARS/SMR code for the major limiting accidents including transient behaviours due to desalination system disturbances. The analysis results employing conservative initial/boundary conditions and assumptions show that the safety systems of the SMART conceptual design adequately remove the core decay heat and mitigate the consequences of the limiting accidents, and thus secure the plant to a safe condition.
46
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 2002
06
ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION Scientific,
technical
02lOO457 A methodology for the quantification of corrosion and erosion damage in laboratory, burner rig and plant environments. Simms, N.J. er al. Proc. - Electrochem. SW., 2000, 99-38, 305-316. Fuel gases derived from solid fuels, such as coal, biomass and waste, have the potential to cause both erosion and corrosion damage to components throughout the hot gas paths of power generating systems. To allow the statistically valid assessment of materials performance in short term plant runs, burner rig tests and laboratory simulated environments a methodology has been developed to collect compatible quantitative data on materials degradation. Accurate measurement techniques based on pre-exposure contact metrology and postexposure optical microscopy/image analysis have been developed, which take into account the low damage levels required for practical systems and the localized nature of hot corrosion. The data produced have been used to derive and test quantitative models for the prediction of the performance of candidate materials. For these models to be used with confidence, similar damage morphologies must be produced in both the real and simulated conditions, as well as similar damage rates.
02/00458 A novel non-linear programming-based coal blending technology for power plants Yin, C. el al. Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 2000, 78, (Al), 118-124. Coal blending has now attracted much attention in coal industry of China, and was investigated extensively to meet the often conflicting goals of environmental requirements and reliable and efficient boiler operation in power plants. However, most of the existing blending projects are guided by experience, or linear-programming (LP), whose main assumption is that all the quality parameters of a blend can be approximated as the weighted average of the corresponding indexes of its component coals at any condition. This was proved incorrect for some blend properties. Now, more and more evidence indicates that a strong non-linearity exists between some quality parameters of a coal blend and those of its component coals. Thus the unreliable assumption impairs the resulting coal-blending scheme. To remedy this situation, a novel coal blending technology for power plants, i.e. using non-linear programming (NLP) based on neural network models, was proposed, and has now been successfully applied at the Hangzhou Coal Blending Center. The application attests that this new technology is much better than the existing linear-programming coal-blending method.
02/00459 Gorbunova,
A promising fuel for a high-temperature fuel cell V.A. er al. Vestsi Nats. Akad. Navuk Belarusi. Ser. Khim. Navuk, 2000, 1, 9-l 1. (In Russian) Experimental data are presented on the processes of electrochemical oxidation of fuel gases based on CHI, NH,, CzHsOH and on products of partial burning (containing CO and Hz) of industrial carbon fuels in high-temperature solid electrolyte fuel cell (HTFC). Some problems of HTFC performance optimization are considered.
02lOO460 Advanced fuel conversion technologies in centralized and decentralized plants Bergmann, H., Hannes, K. VGB Tech. Ver. Grosskrqf/ll~erk.shetr., [Tagungsher.] VGB-TB, 1999, 102, PaperAZ/i, PaperAZ/l-PaperA 13. (In German) A review with many deposited references concerning the state-of-theart and development of fossil fuel-fired power plants. Technologies including conventional coal- and lignite&fired steam-power plants, fluidized-bed combustion plants, power plants with integrated gasification, natural gas-fired heating power plants, and advanced fuel cells are presented. 02/00481 Catalyst for solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells Tada, T., Inoue, M. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2000 100,448 (Cl. HOlM4/90), 7 Apr 2000, Appl. 1998/269,579, 24 Sep 1998. 5. (In Japanese)