Abstracts of patent

Abstracts of patents Compiled by Dr J. W. Youren, IMRU, Industrial Innovation, Queen Mary College (University of London) US PA TENTS Synthetic organic fibre-asbestos fibre fabric and asphalt impregnated product

Franklin, M. L. and Gagle, D. W. (Phillips Petroleum Co) US Patent 3 632 415 (4 Jan 1972) A mat is made of asbestos fibre combined with polyethylene, polypropylene nylon a n d / o r PVC staple, split fibre or other synthetic organic fibres or sub-divided polymeric material. This product alone or impregnated with asphalt is useful for insulation or constructional material. .Thermoplastic composition olefin polymers and nylons

based

on

Naarmann, H. (Badische Anilin- and Soda Fabrik Aktiengesellschaft) US Patent 3 632 790 (4 Jan 1972) Polyolefin based thermoplastic moulding composites contain powdered asbestos and an adhesion promoter in the form of a polyamide derived, from an aliphatic saturated C,-C,, monoamino carboxylic acid and an aliphatic saturated C,-C,= diamine and an aliphatic saturated C,-C,: dicarboxylic acid. Copolymer of alkenyl aromatic monomer and maleimide reinforced with glass fibres

Rupprecht, W. E. (Dow Chemical Co) US Patent 3 632 791 (4 Jan 1972) Glass fibres are bonded to a copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer containing a single ring and a cyclic imide of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid. This copolymer self promotes adhesion to the glass fibres. Steel reinforced composite

Neilsen, L. E. and Fields, J. E. (Monsanto Co) US Patent 3 632 792 (4 Jan 1972) Steel fibre is the reinforcing filler in a matrix consisting of the zinc salt of an acrylic acid polymer. T h e composite is prepared by moulding at 175-400°C and 5000-50 0001bf/in' a mixture of zinc oxide, acrylic acid polymer, and steel fibre. Ablative structures

Hatch, D. M. and Wood, W. W. (Hitco Corp) US Patent 3633631 (11 Jan 1972) Ablative structures are prepared by laying tip two dissimilar high temperature materials impregnated with curable resin: the panels are at least partially interleaved and cured under heat and pressure. Continuous production graphite fibres

of

uniform

Stuez, D. E. and Belohlav, L. R. (Celanese Corp) US Patent 3 634 035 (ll Jan [972)

236

COMPOSITES September 1972

Predominantly amorphous carbonaceous fibrous materials containing at least 75 Wt% carbon is converted to uniform carbon fibre predominantly graphite by passage through a reducing flame [oxyacetylene] at a minimum temperature of 1900°C while under tension.

Filamentary process for glass fibres

Stalego, J. P. (Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp) US Patent 3 634 054 (11 Jan 1972) A substantially fugitive mixture is used to treat glass fibres to provide easier filamentation especially in fibre mat production where maximum water repellant properties are required. T h e composition is 3,5-dimethyl-l-hexyn-3ol plus a minor amount of iso-octyl phenoxy polyoxyethylene ethanol. Impregnated reinforcing material~

Long, F. and Ensor, G. R. (Monsanto Chemicals Ltd) US Patent 3 634 130 (11 Jan 1972) High temperature resistant composites consist of fibres impregnated with a resin consisting of several recurring imide linkages and direct linkages between aromatic units. Boron nitride coated boron filaments

Camahort, J. L. and Gomez, M. P. (Lockheed Aircraft Corp) US Patent 3 634 132 (11 Jan 1972) Liquid boron oxide coating is formed on filaments by heating at 560-800°C in an oxidizing atmosphere and converting the liquid coating to solid continuous boron nitride by heating at 600-1100°C in a nitrogen containing atmosphere. These fibres are then nseful as composite reinforcements. Wear resistant tube

McLarty, J. L. (Universal Oil Products Co) US Patent 3 635 256 (18 ]an 1972) A wear resistant tube consists of a smooth inner wall which is constructed from helically wound glass filaments and finely divided copper at the surface of the inner wall bonded together in a thermosetting resin.

Blade structure

Morley, J. G. (Sec of State for Defence) US Patent 3 637 325 (25 Jan 1972) A composite blade for gas turbine engines has a core formed by a spanwise fibre reinforced members separated 1)y metallic strips the core being at least partially covered by a metallic sheet. Epoxy-silane-imidazole reinforced material

treatment

of

Green, H. A. (Air Products and Chemicals Inc) US Patent 3 637 417 (25 ]an 1972) Reinforced materials used in reinforced plastics composites are treated with an epoxy-silane and then coated with an imidazole or an admixture of an imidazole and the resin system to be reinforced. Treated carbon cloth for the preparation of composite structures and method of treahnent

Miller, L. J. (USA Sec of Air Force) US Patent 3 637 424 (25 Jan 1972) Carbon cloth or fibre is (1) treated with a molten disulphonic acid or a solution; (2) dried to remove the solvent used leaving a sul.phonic acid coating; (3) heated sufficiently so that the acid reacts with the cloth a n d / o r itself; and (4) washing and drying to remove excess material. Manufacture of radial filament spheres

Elliott, D. R. and Wayne, E. F. (Uniroyal Inc) US Patent 3 637 446 (25 Jan 1972) A shell type body is made by various methods including butt edge bonding in a spherical configuration of segments of resin, reinforced by short length high modulus filaments extending substantially normal to the inner and outer surfaces of the segments and preferably throughout the entire segment thickness, whereby the filaments are disposed generally radially with respect to the curvature of the body. Nylon spun composite

bonded

fabric-concrete

Gothard, E. S. and Calfee, J. D. (Monsanto Co) US Patent 3 637 457 (25 ]an 1972) A high impact resistant concrete-spun bonded fabric laminae consists of a layer of concrete with a plenar fabric composed of nylon flaments arranged without apparent order within the plane of the fabric and being autogeneously bonded at a large number of touching filament cross-over points. T h e fibre is partially embedded and tinder tension in the concrete.

Preparation of graphite yarns

Ezekiel, H. M. (USA Sec of Air Force) US Patent 3 635 675 (18 Jan 1972~ High strength graphite fibres are prepared by rapidly bringing a stabilized polymer yarn to 1800-3200°C. Stabilization if required is usually carried out heating at 200-500°C in oxidizing conditions. Preferred polymers include polyacrylonitrile and polymers of nitrogen containing polycyclic organic compounds.

Process for carbonized cellulose fbre or products thereof

Myamichi, K. (Boseki Co Ltd) US Patent 3 639 140 (1 Feb 1972) Celhdose fibre or products thereof are treated with a strength increasing agent selected from ammonium and sulphur bearing compounds these products being heated to at least 400°C in inert atmosphere for sufficient time to allow carbonization.

Carbon composite structure including a band of helically wound carbon fibre

Spain, R. (;. (Monsanto Co) US Patent

3 639 197 (1 Feb 1972) A substantially all-carbon planar structure consists of essentially continnous carl)on filne in a carl)on matrix. ' l h c fibres adjacent to the periphery are ordered in a direction following the contour of the periphery therefore providing increased strength against stress. "lhe remaining fihres may or may not be ordered. Complex products ol resin and mineral fibre and process for making said products

Simon, A. (Compagnie de Saint (;ol)ain) US Patent 3639202 (I Feb

1972) Rigid i)anels are nutde by pressing layers of mineral fibres into a loaded strata of hardenable resin, then facing the tiln-es with more resin. The sheet is hardened and the density of the load (tiller) increases from the centre to the stuface. The panels, corrugated or plain, are used as structural composites.

IlK PA TENTS Eiastomerie fibres

materials

having

exposed

(Ford Motor Co) UK Patent 1 263 844

(16 February 1972) A polymeric composite having a low surface coeticient of friction consists ol an elastoxner-fibre blend free of any other filler material. Fibres are exposed at the surface thus redncing energy h)sses when in content with a moxing surface. Elastomers inclnde NUn, SBR and pck: tibres include polyethylenc, polypropylcne and polyurethane. Production of fibrous material

thermally

stabilized

Stnetz, D. E. and Gump, K. H. (Celanese Corp) UK Patent 1264027 (16

February 1972) A polymer consisting predominantly of recurring acrylonitrde traits and from 0.1-10% of the polymer weight of a I~cwis acid in an organic solvent is held at 190°C until cyclization of the pol,smer without substantial increase of the sohttion viscosity is achieved. T h e sohttion is then extruded to yield filaments soluble in N,N-dimethylformaInide whhh exhibits no appreciable exotherm on heating to 500°C. Heating further in a n oxygen containing atmosphere the fibre xs converted to a stabilized insohtble form. UK Patent 1 264 026 descl-il)cs a similar orocess. Production of preoxidized and graDhitized fibres

(Monsanto Co) Ulx" Patent l 264269

(16 l,et.-uary 1972) A preoxidized tibre is produced hy heating an :urvlonitrile. t)olymer or copol)mer ill)re nnder tension in an atmosphere containing oxvo-en and bromine below 250~C for sufficient time m develop a suitahh, degree of sheath formation. This is followed b?, he,tting )hove 250°C under tension in an oxy-

gen containing atmosphere for sufficient tmie to allow substantial ox~gen 1)etmeation through the fihres. The advantages of this process are the short prcoxidation time and greater control of cr}st,tllil|ilx and surface fibre stt-uci tllC.

strate contains

;J

s u r f a c e c o a t i n g of a n

oxygen-containing iron compound. This process enables the production of a single silicon carbide crystal of suitable thickness in good yield.

reinforced

Improvements in or relating to the production of carbon fibres

(Goodyear Tyre and Rubber Co) UK

(Sigri Electrographit C,esellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung) ~'K Patent

Heat stable polyester rubber structure

cord

Patent 1 264 3t~l (23 February 1972)

A heat stable composite structure consisls of a polyester coM and rubt)er in which the rubber is compounded with a methylene acceptor and a donor tonsistiaig of the reaction product of hexanlethylenetetranfine (HMT) and an acid, for example, HC1 or H,_,SO,. The presente of the donor prevents degradation of the polyester which normally occurs at high lemperatnre in the p l e s e n t c of IIMT.

Improvements in or relating to preparation of polymer coated glass filaments

1 264 763 (23 Febrlmry 1972) The suitability for carl)onizing of a non-cellulosic synthetic polymer fihre is improxed when contacted at 180-230°C with a liquid condensation agent which I)oils at a higher teml)erature th,nl this and comprises one ol- more halides of g~oup 4A or 4B elements. This effects crosslinking/cyclization within the pol)mer, the fibre then being oxidized I)y heating in the presence of a dehydrogenating agent in the temt)erature range 175-350°C while h-ee of tension. High strength fibres resuh from a simple short time-stale process.

(Hercules Inc) UK Patent l 264 232 (23

February 1972) (;lass fibres are coated with thermoplastic pol)iner which is applied at the spin I)ushing in an integrated process with fibre spinning in the form of solid particles of less than 150 p.m dispersed in an inert liquid, followed hy heating to remove ztle liquid and fuse the polylner to a continuous matrix form. Advantages of this process inchtde Imv polymer viscosity and wide polymer applicalfility.

Improvements in glass fibre reinforced polyoxymethylene resin compositions

(Ashai Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha)

UK Patent 1 265 359 (I Mar 1972) The composite consists of 5-65 wt% of glass fibres coated with a styrene polymer and dispersed in a polyoxymethylene resin, the resultant composite exhibiting improved impact resistance and a higher heat distortion temperature.

Improvements in or relating to the reinforcement of ceramic bodies

Turner, S. B. and Kahn, P. B. (Plessey Co lad) UK Patent 1264476 (23

I;ebruary 1972) A method of making a sintered ceramic body is descrihed which involves adding ,t fibre reinforcement to the body hefore the sintering operation. A rotor turbine hlade composite consisting of :l reinforced silicon nitride ceramic exhihited improved creep and fatigue properties.

Manufacture of shaped carbon bodies

(Kureha Kagahn Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha) UK Patent 1265552 (1 Mar

1972) ,Shaped carbon articles are formed by melt spinning a pitch to form fibres, which are made infusible by heating in an oxidizing atmosphere. The fibres are mixed with a carbonizable binder and shaped, then carbonized and may then be graphitized.

Fibre lubricants

Mecklenborg, K. T. and Pettengill. K. M. (Unilever-Emery NV) UK

Patent 1 264 496 (23 February 1972) A fibre lubricant composition consists of a partially amidated polyalkylenimine having a residual amine value of 200 800 formed by reacting a polyalkylenimine of molecular weight at h'ast 800 with a fatty acid. This lubricant pre~ents fibre damage at the production stage (for polyamide, polyester, polyoleiln, polyacrylic, g'lass) and also functions as a size component. Use of" this material restdts in improved ilhre production and performance in composites. Process for the production of silicon carbide whiskers

(I~onza I,td) UK Patent 1 264 720 (23

February 1972) Silicon carhide whiskers are grown on a substrate from the gas t)hase containing silicon, carbon and hydrogen :it a temperature of I()00-160f)'(L The sub

Modified polyester reinforcing elements and rubber structures made therefrom

(Goodyear Tyre and Rubber Co) UK

Patent 1 265 57l (1 Mar 1972) A modified polyester is spun from a polyester meh with 0.01-2 parts of isocyanate, 0'1-2 parts polycarbonate, 0.001-0.1 parts of a metal complex. These fibres have improved thermal stability in rubber composites.

Improvements in or relating to fibrous inorganic materials

Hardy, C. J. and Holdaway, M. J. (I!KAEA) IrK Patent 1265894 (8

Mar 1972) A process for illbre production consists of forming a x iscous aqueous sol, spray drying this sol. the consistency of the sol arid the spray drying heing such that oel tihres are formed, these are then calcined. Fihres prepared in this way include zirconia and alumina.

COMPOSITES September 1972

237